Flavour in the era of the LHC, 4th meeting

Before 1950 all theorists believed P (parity symmetry) 
and that there consequently could be no EDM for any 
elementary particle.  Ramsey and Purcell [PR 78, 807 
(1950)] pointed out that there was no experimental 
evidence for P in the case of nuclear forces so it should 
be tested.  They proposed a search for a neutron EDM 
or dn, as a test of P.  The 1953 neutron beam 
experiment at Oak Ridge showed dn<5x10^{-20} e-
cm.  In 1956 Lee and Yang suggest P failure in weak 
force, which was confirmed next year by Wu and 
Ambler.  Many theorists argued that, despite this P 
failure, there should still be no EDM because of T (time 
reversal symmetry).  In 1957 Ramsey and J.D. Jackson 
pointed out that there was no experimental evidence 
for T in nuclear forces so neutron EDM tests were 
continued.  In 1964 Oak Ridge Beam experiment 
dn<10^{-21} e-cm.
	In 1964 Fitch et al discovered failure of CP in 
K0L so T would fail if CPT conserved.  Theorists reverse 
their view and became very interested in our 
experiments and are puzzled by our very low EDM 
limits.  Other labs begin EDM experiments on neutron 
and atoms.  In 1967 Oak Ridge Beam Experiments 
dn<4x10^{-23} e-cm, and in 1973 Grenoble Beam 
dn<4x10^{-24} e-cm.  In 1984 experiments with ultra 
cold neutrons stored in bottles by independent Russian 
group in St. Petersburg and by group in Grenoble 
dn<3x10^{-25} e-cm.  In 1999 St. Petersburg group 
and Grenoble group independently dn<6.3x10^{-26} e-
cm.  In 2006 Grenoble group with geometric phase 
correction find dn<3.0x10^{-26} e-cm.  Experimental 
results compared with theoretical predictions.

A review of the effective theory treatment 
of CP-odd operators contributing to EDMs, and the 
ensuing sensitivity to new CP-violating physics. As 
examples, new dimension-five operators in the MSSM, 
and a new Higgs-sector threshold allowing for 
electroweak baryogenesis, will be discussed.

This talk will review three neutron EDM experiments: 
First, the room-temperature experiment at ILL, the 
results of which have just been published; second, the 
CryoEDM experiment at ILL that is now nearing the 
completion of its construction, and which promises an 
improvement in sensitivity of two orders of magnitude; 
and third, for the longer term, the cryogenic experiment 
that is planned to be built at the SNS in Oak Ridge, 
which is anticipated to have a sensitivity of below 1E-28 
e.cm.

Status and plans for the neutron EDM experiment at 
PSI are updated.  The idea for a compact muon EDM 
experiment with a sensitivity of 5x10^(-23) e-cm will be 
briefly discussed.

Dilating the muon lifetime to 300 microsec can lead to 
ten times better accuracy.  This can be achieved with a 
new design of storage ring using discrete magnets and 
calibrating the field by means of polarised protons in 
flight.

A theoretical motivation for an EDM search on the 
deuteron will be presented, together with the so-called 
resonance method. The basic features of this method 
will be discussed in some detail.

Nuclei which are characterized by octupole deformation 
should have relatively large Schiff moments and 
therefore be particularly sensitive to T-violating 
interactions in the nucleus.  Currently, the most 
stringent limits in this sector are set by measurements 
made at the University of Washington, which restrict 
the atomic EDM of Hg-199 to <2.1x10^{-28} e cm.  We 
are developing an experiment around Ra-225, which is 
predicted to be two to three orders of magnitude more 
sensitive to T-violating interactions in the nucleus than 
Hg-199.  The experimental scheme and our recent 
success in laser-trapping radium will be discussed along 
with other group's efforts to take advantage of this 
enhancement.

The experiment responsible for the current limit on the 
electron's electric dipole moment is described.  A very 
brief overview of the many current efforts to push this 
limit is presented.  Efforts underway at the University of 
Oklahoma to exploit the unique magnetic properties of 
PbF are described with a particular emphasis on the 
development of new resonant enhanced multiphoton 
ionization schemes.

A proposal has been approved at the BNL AGS to 
improve upon the muon magnetic anomaly 
measurement uncertainty by a factor of two, to 0.25 
ppm. The current experimental value differs from the 
theoretical value by about 3 standard deviations. This 
suggests the possibility of new physics, and an 
increased data set could make the comparison between 
theory and experiment more definitive.

The contribution from hadronic vacuum polarization to 
the muon anomalous magnetic moment is calculated 
with a dispersion relation using experimental data and 
perturbative QCD as input. Its uncertainty is presently 
limiting the Standard Model prediction, and is of the 
same order as the experimental error on g-2. The state 
of the art of the calculation is discussed and 
perpectives for future improvement are given.

The Budker Institute (Novosibirsk, Russia) is mostly 
dedicated to physics in $e^+ e^-$ colliders at relatively 
low energy.  The VEPP-2M collider operated in 1992-
2000 at s = 0.36 to 1.4 GeV region and provided high 
luminosity for  detectors CMD-2 and SND.  High level of 
collected statistics  as well as careful design, 
construction and operation of the  detectors, and data 
processing allowed us to obtain numerous  interesting 
physics results.  From those, the most important one  is 
measurement of hadron contribution to the anomalous 
magnetic  moment of muon.

At the present moment, most of our efforts are put on  
development and construction of the next generation  
Budker Institute collider, VEPP-2000 (which will operate 
at  s = 0.4 to 2.0 GeV) and the new detector CMD-3.  
The second detector, SND, will be upgraded.

We plan to obtain first luminosity in the VEPP-2000 ring 
by the  end of this year (2006), and start first physics 
runs in 2007.

At the Frascati phi-factory DAFNE the pion form factor is 
measured by means of the "radiative return", i.e. by 
using events in which one of the collider electrons 
(positrons) has radiated an initial state radiation photon
(ISR), lowering in such a way the invariant mass M(pi pi) 
of the two-pion-system.
In a recent publication of the KLOE collaboration the 
initial state radiation photon had been required to be at 
small polar angles with respect to the beam axis, the so 
called "Small Angle analysis", using data collected in 
2001.  We show an update of this analysis, using 2002 
data. We also present results from a new and 
complementary analysis in which the photon is tagged 
at large polar angles. Only like this the threshold region 
M^2(pi pi)< 0.35 GeV^2 becomes accessible.

We compare the patterns of the flavor violating effects
which are radiatively induced via the neutrino Yukawa
couplings in "minimal" SU(5) models with the Type I or Type
II seesaw mechanism for the neutrino masses. We pay special
attention to the ratio between the lepton flavor violations
and the quark flavor violations, and especially to its
dependence on the UV physics, such as the GUT parameters and
cutoff scale.

We determine the leptonic mixing matrix elements without
assuming unitarity. To do this, we firstly develop the
formalism to study neutrino oscillations and then we perform
the fits. We realize that oscillation experiments alone are
not enough to constrain all the matrix elements. However, by
combining them with other electroweak data, we can determine
all of them.

Certain relations among EDMs can be viewed as  
indirect evidence for supersymmetry. I will report
on recent work on EDM correlations which includes
analyses of non-universal SUSY models.

It is proposed to measure the rate of coherent muon to
electron conversion in the field of a nucleus, without
neutrino production, to a precision of 10^{-16} times the
rate of ordinary muon capture on the nucleus. This is an
example of charged lepton flavor violation. The measurement
would be several thousand times more sensitive than previous
experiments. A working group has been formed to examine the
feasibility of performing the experiment at Fermilab. The
group met in mid-September, 2006, at Fermilab. I will
describe briefly the status and prospects of this project
and what transpired at the meeting.

We discuss the LHCb potential for the LFV B->e mu 
decay and the possibility of constraining the leptoquark 
mass within the context of the Pati-Salam SU(4) model.

We discuss the dependence of the rates of LFV processes
mu -> e + gamma, tau -> e + gamma, tau -> mu + gamma (l_i ->
l_j + gamma) and their ratios in MSSM with right-handed
neutrinos on CP phases. We focus on the case of
quasi-degenerate in mass heavy Majorana neutrinos. The three
types of light neutrino mass spectrum - normal hierarchical,
inverted hierarchical and quasi-degenerate - are considered.

We analyze the possibility of generating masses
and mixing angles to neutrinos via bilinear R-Parity and lepton number
violation alone (not trilinear).

The B -> Xs gamma branching ratio estimate at the 
next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD is discussed.
Constrains on certain beyond-SM effects are updated.

One of the attractive features of fundamental research 
is the frequency with which new methods or discoveries 
in one narrow field of research eventually often make 
very important contributions to other fields.  This has 
been conspicuously true of magnetic resonance, with 
which I have been associated ever since I.I. Rabi 
invented and demonstrated the method for the 
important but limited purpose of measuring nuclear 
magnetic moments.  The following year we were 
surprised by the unexpected appearance of the H2 
magnetic resonance, which we soon showed was due 
to the magnetic effects of the other proton and the 
rotating charged molecule; from these measurements 
we could also obtain important chemical and molecular 
information.  We had another shock when we studied 
D2 and found the resonance curves were spread more 
widely for D2 than H2 even though the magnetic 
interactions should have been much smaller.  We found 
we could explain this by assuming that the deuteron 
had an electric quadrupole moment and J. Schwinger 
pointed out that this would require the existence of a 
previously unsuspected electric tensor force between 
the neutron and the proton.  With this, the resonance 
method was also giving new fundamental information 
about nuclear forces.  In 1944, Rabi and I pointed out 
that it should be possible by the Dirac theory and our 
past resonance experiments to calculate exactly the 
hyperfine interaction between the electron and the 
proton in the hydrogen atom and we had two graduate 
students, Nafe and Nelson do the experiment and they 
found a disagreement which led J. Schwinger to 
develop the first successful relativistic quantum field 
theory and QED.  In 1964, Purcell, Bloch and others 
detected magnetic resonance transitions by the effect 
of the transition on the oscillator, called NMR, making 
possible measurements on liquids, solids and gases 
and giving information on chemical shifts and thermal 
relaxation times T1 and T2.  I developed a magnetic 
resonance method for setting a limit to the EDM of a 
neutron in a beam and with others for neutrons stored 
in a suitably coated bottle.  Magnetic resonance 
measurements provide high stability atomic clocks.  
Both the second and the meter are now defined in 
terms of atomic clocks.  Lauterbuhr, Mansfield and 
Damadian and others developed the important 
methods of using inhomogeneous magnetic fields to 
localize the magnetic resonance in a tissue sample 
producing beautiful and valuable magnetic resonance 
images, MRI’s, and fMRI’s.