New hadron physics insights have emerged from "light-front holography", which relates the dynamics and light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in QCD(3+1) to a corresponding theory in the fifth dimension of AdS space. Remarkably, the binding potential for massless quarks takes on a unique form, and a mass gap arises, if one requires that the chiral QCD action remains conformally invariant. The resulting nonperturbative relativistic light-front quantum-mechanical wave equations for mesons and baryons incorporate color confinement and other essential spectroscopic and dynamical features of hadron physics -- including a massless pion for zero quark mass and linear Regge trajectories with the same slope in the radial quantum number n and orbital angular momentum L. I will review the predictions and novel perspectives for hadron physics phenomenology obtained from this approach.
