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Description
Indium oxide (In$_2$O$_3$) is a ubiquitous anode material in OLEDs and photovoltaics due to its transmissivity to visible light and metal-like conductivity (when doped with Sn). When In$_2$O$_3$ is paired with organic materials, a thin organic buffer layer is often introduced to improve the charge injection from In$_2$O$_3$ to the organic active layers. We probe the adsorption behaviour and density of states (DOS) of the prototypical copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) - In$_2$O$_3$ interface combining scanning tunnelling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy and local tunnelling spectroscopy. Starting from the clean In$_2$O$_3$(111) surface we identify morphological details of the molecular structures and their electronic properties and compare the results to DFT calculations.
