Okay, so we are slowly catching up I think
it's slightly over six. Thank you for the recording. So now we move to LA yes are you there.
Yes, I am.
I will call. Fantastic. they can, can you share your slides.
Can you see the slides.
Yep.
Okay, so I think in a meal Stein without further ado, we have a good amount of our workshops, and we will talk about the doctor was at the analysis data, please.
Okay, thank you.
Okay, thank you so much. It's just said, this would be a bit of a Change of topic and that this talk will not primarily be about energy physics, but about doc Shaw was a belt.
And this is based on this paper here that came out in March, and was really nice collaboration between a couple of fundamentalists and few to experimentalists.
So my collaborators on this work a boozer Felix can find a central Monday and catch metal back on the female side.
We're all familiar just like me.
And Tom fab and Christopher hearty who are experimentalists and are part of the virtual collaboration.
So to jump right in we've already heard earlier in the session why dark showers are interesting at the LSC. But why should we also care about them as an experiment like Belgium.
And the answer to that question has a lot to do with the fact that over the last year's like dogs actors have become increasingly attractive basically because we haven't seen wimps.
And by light Dark Sector in this case I mean, Doc sectors, with particles that have masses at the low end of the gv scale, or even at the sub gv scale.
And for these very light, dark sectors, the most sensitive accelerator probes. In many cases, don't come from the LSC, but instead from intensity from the experiments.
So from a from a range of different fixed target and plus minus collider experiments that have much lower center of mass energies and yellow see of course but extremely high luminosity.
And one of the most sensitive probes at this intensity frontier is the virtual experiment, which is a big factor experiment at any plus minus collider with the center of mass and energy of 10.5 a TV.
Okay, so how do we normally look for dark sectors. At a be factory experiment like down to one standard straightforward way to look for the production of dark matter is to look for single photons.
So, there you basically look for process. That looks like the one that champions diagram where you produce invisible like metal particles that recoil against single photon radiated off the initial stage.
And this is a great probe.
If the mediator that connects the dogmatic particles to the center model can be produced on shelf. So if it's light enough to be produced directly at the actual, because in that case it basically shows up as a resonant speaker and the energy spectrum
of the single photo.
But the searchers lose a lot of the sensitivity when that is not the case. So when you're dealing with a heavy mediator, and you don't see results.
So in that scenario.
It can be much more motivated to look for more exotic signatures of directors instead.
And as we've already heard a particularly striking example of such an exotic director signature is a doc shop.
So, as we thought was come from strongly interacting dark sectors, meaning dark sectors that resembled you CD, and the sense that there's some you know a billion gauge group in the Dark Sector and some dark walks that that's transforming this age group.
And then you can write down a Dark Sector the grungy and that basically looks like the juicy Lagrangian.
And then at sufficiently low energies where the sector confines, you get a range of different bounce states, some of which can be excellent dogmatic candidates.
And for the purpose of this talk, I'll consider model here where the duck pions on the dogmatic.
And then you also get a bunch of different states that are generically unstable and can lead to visible signatures that are connected experiments. And in the model that we're considering here, and this is particularly true of the direct Amazon's, which
are here witness roadie.
So for the reason that I just motivated on the previous slide.
It's particularly well motivated to look for dark shower instead of a simpler dissect a signature like single photons.
If the mediator connecting the Dark Sector to the standard model is out of reach. At the experiment if it's too heavy.
So this is the limit that I'll be considering here. And in that case, if the media is sufficiently heavy you can describe the, the interaction between the Standard Model particles and dark walks, as far as virtuous consent.
Simply in terms of an effective interaction.
And for completeness I'll consider a vector portal interaction here, which is shown down here.
And it has some scale in front, that we call lambda, that pyramid rises the strength of this effective interaction.
And then it's through this effective interaction that clocks can be produced at any plus or minus container.
So, understand leads, eventually to production. So, the a diagram or an illustration of that as shown here, where this blob sense for the effective interaction.
And then once you've produced the doc walks through this effect of interaction, they radiate off dark blue ones and you get a shower within the stock sector that ends in everything into a bunch of different darkness one states.
And then some of those segments on states will be stable.
In this model, in particular the dark pions which are the dark metal particles, while others can indicate back, and this is true of the road, Doc.
Zero marathons. So, of this flavor diagonal flavor diagonal Dr. Thomas. Thank you back through exactly the same bottle.
That is also responsible for the production of the doc box for this effective bottle. And when these diagnoses are light, then the relevant final states for them, are standard model leptons, and center model marathons, that are sufficiently life so essentially
pions accounts.
And what's also true when these dogmas ons are light is that in much of the interesting parameter space that the case are displaced because they have a macroscopic lifestyle.
And what's nice about this effective.
This effective interaction limit here is that both the production, but both for describing the production of these documents on LPs, and also dedicate length,
to parameters are enough.
So both of these things, basically only depend on the documents on Mars. And so your LP Masia and on this lambda, which is the scale of this effective interaction so we're dealing with a very simple two dimensional space here.
Now in terms of experimental such just um so far there is no plan to have a dedicated search for Dr. How's it felt to.
But there is a plan due to my experimental collaborators and to carry out the model agnostic search for like long articles about to, which will also be sensitive transactional model.
So, what they are planning to look for our lights long with particles that decay into passive opposite he charged electrons neutrons pions okay ons and edit transfers distance between open two centimeters and 60 centimeters from the interaction point.
And what's nice about the such as that, it's, it's expected that at least as long as your signal can pass one of the budget triggers, very loose selection cuts on the allergies are enough to suppress background to negligible level.
Right.
So these are projections here for this display static search.
In terms of the parameter space of dark shadows.
So here we have the digress on mass, which is the LP mouse on the x axis and the decay length in this case, on the y axis, which is completely determined by the dis effective interaction lambda and by the mass.
So we really as advertised are only dealing with two parameters here there's no hidden parameters, and this plot.
And the budget projection is shown in green, and compared to recast in terms of our production model of a similar search, that was done a couple of years ago with Bubba, which is shown in blue.
And it's clear that even with just 500 investment of bonds of luminosity which is what this projection, which which is what is considered in this projection belt to can improve enormously over the existing models.
Then just as a quick side remark. In this long live particle talk, I just want to quickly mention that there are also complimentary constraints that become important in the part of the parameter space where the dictates of prompt.
And these particular come from, from existing search bar for this of the residences.
And what can also become important as a bell to search for single photons in future, which has shown here but this is just a side remark.
And so back to Long live particles, and everything that I've shown so far, these empty factory constraints, like I said only depend on this effective interaction, not on the, not on the details of the underlying mediator.
So if we want to probe the mediator that underlies this effective interaction, and then we need to look at higher energies where the mediator can be produced on shell, which essentially means looking at the LSC.
And interestingly, there was such done that LCP a few years ago.
Yeah. A few years ago, where they looked for Lomas Damian resonances that are displaced, which is also sensitive to the light longest particles from Dark Shadows.
And what's shown here in these plots is a comparison of these HDB constraints to the bell to projections. And the reason why I have two plots here is because, unlike the bell to projections, the LSD constraints depend on the except mass and couplings
of the mediator that underlies this effective interaction. This means for any given value of the cylinder, which is the effect of interaction scale that fully determines that there are two constraints.
There will be underlying mediator configurations that are more sensitive, that are more favorable to NF CB and underlying scenarios that are more favorable to the tool.
And on the left, we have basically maximally two favorable scenario and on the right or maximum leverage to be favorable scenario.
In both cases the inner city constraints are shown here in red and the blue projections are shown again in green, we can make basically two important observations here.
One is that the LLC constraints and the two projections are highly complimentary, the sensitive to some of the parts of the parameter space, but slightly different lengths.
And the other observation we can make is that even in the least favorable scenario, there's still a very strong case to carry on such a such a tool.
Which brings me to my conclusions.
So I wanted to show that light strongly impacting dark sectors, and which are no well motivated scenario. As we have heard many times already, and can give rise to another, our signature is not just like the LLC, but also adult you.
And it's especially interesting to look for those in the case where the Dark Sector is connected to the center model through an effective interaction.
In this case displace logic such as at Bell to kind of prove greatly over, I have the potential to produce for to improve greatly over existing limits from a bar, and they're also complimentary to be factory constraints in the prompt machine, and to displace
the vertex searches at the NSC.
Thank you.
Okay, thank you again for this nice presentation and we open the floor for questions.
Okay, I think that time is killing off, Julia, please go ahead.
Yeah, I had a quick question on slide five I think there was a, you had to write between 0.2 centimeters and 60 centimeters Is this a selection that you need to apply or is it, you're just sort of telling me the the exception said that you get.
Yeah.
Yeah, that that just comes from the size of the relevant detector elements where you can look at your metric acceptance. Yeah.
Okay, great. I'm wondering if you needed to apply like some additional cut or something like that.
And there's a little bit of a caveat to this range.
So, that I did I didn't show on slide, namely that for the plus and minus final states we actually exclude some part of strange from I think about one centimeter to 17 centimeters I think because of because of the conventional background.
And for the other final states the full range.
Okay, um, I'm wondering now if you can do something, maybe more sophisticated in the next iteration to so that you don't have to cut out, you know, transfer assistance.
You know what I mean.
So, what what do you mean by most sophisticated. What do you have in mind, oh I don't know it just seems that this limits your lifetime acceptance, so I'm wondering if you can target the backgrounds that you need to to rejection in some, some other way.
Yeah, yeah rejecting this this whole range of a bit of a
is possibly too conservative.
But today, I'd have to I mean, this is something that I need to talk about my experimental collaborators and natural.
Okay, Thanks.
Okay, thank you, Julia and we've moved too much comment, just traveling and Julius question.
What kind of fruit trees certain measurements what kind of mass resolution can they get.
And so the variant mass resolution of the, of the decay products. Yeah.
So,
I'm not exactly sure about the exact value of the masters of illusion I don't want to say anything wrong.
So for this for this projection we didn't actually do a bump hunt. if that's what you're getting at.
But just commentary constructed this place versus. Right.
I mean it's just one of the, one of the places you could push a little harder on the back.
Yep, that is that is certainly true so um so in an actual implementation of the search.
One would definitely do a bump and have some kinds, this is a this is a bit of a
poor theorists version of the such.
But I think that's fair enough for for protection.
No, that's great. This is great stuff. Thanks.
Okay, so since we see no further questions, we think, alias again for this tour from Alexi, and we move to our next speaker.
I lost the schedule. So it's a collab.
Yes, I'm here to stay. Yeah.
So, Calypso was already some power and he paid directly to the stock so without further that we see for one can simulate young middle structure.
If you want to share in full screen. Yeah. Yes, I was just getting it now.
think, Okay, go ahead. We let you know when you only have two minutes left.
Oh, thank you.
I'm cool yeah so today we'll be talking about the simulation and indirect detection cool shows. So to talk about to sort of out of the way, this goes a little bit further away from collider cities.
But the main thing I wanted to talk about is sort of this simulation aspect of global production, and that was based on work with David Cohen and Christopher horn, that we recently released earlier in the year, and the intro to indirect detection segment
of the talk is sort of a preliminary look into how you can apply this tool in some extremely realistic physics searches.
So to jump straight into it.
This is sort of the process we're looking at in terms of global production, where we're considering a document a candidate that annihilated clones. These documents will go through some Hedren ization process into the global states were sort of intention
ledge Vegas some non perturb looking blog. Sorry, but once we about, oh is it just me or is this green, dark for other p It is like, Can you try to share it again.
Oh, sorry. Um, but just be a reshare or kind of quick Yeah, I'll stop sharing and just start again, see if that fixes it.
A full screen mode instead of presentation maybe that
still has the still hustlers this nails.
I thought it was intentional picture of the Dark Sector
should plan ahead.
So if I isn't done until now. Can you click.
Can you change slides. Yes, as things popping up. Oh no, it's still in this outline slide only, but if you click on the screen first and then go back and forth,
no dice okay we got the best.
So I might just have to scroll through sorry. It's all good.
Um, yeah, as I was saying. Once we have a global states, we can decay them back to the standard model.
And so in my talk, I'll just sort of go through each part, bit by bit, where I first talked about why we're interested in these models that were doctors annihilating to gluons.
I'll then talk about how we handle the Global's and how they decay to the standard model.
and but most importantly, we'll talk about how dark blue ones I had realized it got dark blue balls.
And because once we answer all these questions that allows us to approach the overall question of how do we get interactive detection the constraints for this process.
And so I'm sure you've sort of heard a lot in this block about dark showers, how they arise from any event that Hidden Valley models and my are interested in them.
So just quickly go through, just the main points, which is that we're just concerned some dock and finding sector, that is all the particles in that sector uncharged under the center model, and the only couple indirectly by what we call portal cufflinks
theoretically motivated by the fact that they can solve ongoing problems by providing documentary candidates, or solving the little hierarchy problem, but they're also experimentally motivated because so far, they do quite a good job at evading our current
constraints.
But I'm what I'm interested in looking at is the specific case where there's no light colored states below the confinement scale. And in which often confinement, the only states you get Global's which a composite going states.
And we're interested in looking in this corner of the private space, because, like in the other corner, it's just as motivated, but there's been very few quantitative study so far into it, due to the fact that in these global showers, the hybridization
models we use in the set of model, and can no longer directly apply.
we use in the set of model, and can no longer directly apply. So you have to put a little more thought into how we approach that process.
And then go forward into about the global the case.
So Global's in general having studied on Laskey CD, so we can impart that knowledge for our global sector.
And so we know that the mass spectrum of the states can be entirely parameter fries by the confinement scale. And this is quite nice because it is a sort of simplified parameter region, where just from the single confinement scale, we get the mass spectrum
of old 12 Global states, as well as the quantum numbers.
And additionally, Doc levels have been studied with this data being studied and depend on the UV completion of your sector, but for the extent of this work, um, I mean for this talk, I'll just cover a dimension six figures operator.
I mean for this talk, I'll just cover a dimension six figures operator. We're essentially we have a heavy core that couples to the Higgs, and this will allow the global snakes for the Higgs where for example the lightest state decay is directly through
the Higgs portal to set a model. All the heavier global states on radiator nutshell Higgs, and then themselves to came to a light of global.
But getting into the sort of meat and bones of the talk, they want to talk about this dark blue on Hedren ization, and how do we approach that, and how you can do that.
And to sort of skip straight to the answer is to use glue shell, which is the Python code that we publicly released me and my collaborators alongside the push out paper earlier in the year.
And for the sort of link to the talk, I'll just give a sort of schematic cartoonish representation of some of the head monetization approximations we make and how we can incorporate that into our sort of final theory on 70.
So to start off oh just consider a single global species with a mass in North, and the sun most cases if we just start with two guns being produced having to the indigenous into to Global's.
And so since we start off with two color Arctic blue ones for them to phone call a single Google both states at the end of the shower, there should be some color exchange between the branches.
And so you can see the secure in by how they exchange glow and split and I've been shared between the two branches to form the Global's, but another representation we can think of in terms of flux Jude's.
So here for example on the right, we started for that to gluons being connected by the two flex shoots to form a closed loop.
And as it evolves down the shower extra gluons are produced in extra Colin's have been formed, but the separations to simulate Global's is akin to the single loop sort of twisting over itself and allow it.
In allowed to fragment, due to the similar color charge links.
And so comparing between the two representations, what we see is that this process that allowed, when we have this long range exchange of glue on between the two branches and just using that sort of standard OQCD intuition, we know that as we we start
off with a particular show. As we approach the confinement scale, a coupling is running large, and this bloom emission is becoming unimpressed. So this leads us to sort of sustainable budget like intuition, whereas I said we have a particular shower and
this fragmentation is occurring close to the confinement scale.
So to just start off with we're going to use this intuition.
And I'll jump off that into sort of consider some other general shower possibilities.
So start off with just a base case.
We, as I said earlier, use up intuitive QCD to shower out, Doc loans. And so they can split, as we know, but then eventually we have to terminate some shower at which we call our Hedren ization scalar went ahead and we said that to be to ignore, which
is the mass scale of the lightest global because it's at this point wants to go and reach it as this point in the shower, it can no longer be no longer split into two on shall blue balls.
So this gives us quite a nice up as us upper bound and final state multiplicity of Google's by using this scale as I'll terminating the regular show.
But if we want to consider alternative shower histories, we want to think of how can we internally consistently generate showers with fewer finest equals.
And so this can be achieved by just simply increasing our heads and ization scale.
So this means we introduce, and welcome to look at a factor that allows us to choose this gala which the shower terminates.
And so being able to sort of like search through that parameter of Allah gives us a way of generating theory uncertainty and our final signal.
And the relative marketplaces are mainly controlled by this Hedren ization temperature.
Um, this is zero third approximation, but it's motivated by the fact that closed during the mission does follow with him will distribution. And we have a quite a good idea of the confinement temperature which has been calculated in lightest few CD.
But there is a limitation so this that could be non local effects of the flux to dynamics. So we, again introduced another multiplicative parameter that allows you to adjust your Hedren ization tip to see how that will affect the final state relative
global multiple cities. So that's another again internal parameter you can sort of play with to explore possibilities.
But to take it even further and sort of leave behind this standard ology like intuition. If we really crank up the headphone ization scale we're going to be terminated the shower, when it going is highly virtual so no longer makes sense to just associate
with one single on show blue ball.
So we consider that as a sort of fire alternative is that if this blue one is terminated, and has a large highly visual mass it's more like a highly excited global or large mass pilgrim placement.
So that would that stay within have to decay via sorry evaporate by global and mission, and so it does so similarly, as we handle suit, so it's just an Eisner tropic femoral emission of Global's.
And this is what we sort of consider as a plasma case which is a more exotic possibility of pure blue hadron ization.
So this is a less motivated than the sort of standard model jet like intuition, but we included for completeness sake, to get us with a wide range of possibilities in this field regionalisation process.
So to summarize blue shower is the first month of college generated the toxic the glue bowls and within that we've included two and a half nuisance parameters that include encode the theoretical affinities within the approximations we making regarding
the global Hedren ization process.
And so within our paper that was released alongside it we provide some benchmark primary points that cover a motivated extent of the possible outputs.
So as an example here, I'm using glue show you can generate fragmentation functions for global production. And so you can see here across the a prominent benchmark points, how the fragmentation functions very, for example the plasma, like case tends to
take the softer showers, while the jet lights data model, motivated interpretation favors harder shadows, but sort of one application we can use is to for the indirect detection back global shows.
And one of the reason we looking at indirect detection is that can probe astrophysical link scales.
And so this could possibly give you more insight into the Dark Sector spectrum of the case not just the shortest live states that you may be able to access at collider searches.
But taking those fragmentation functions and involvement in with the global decay spectra. We get the photon spectra for the entire Dark Matter annihilated by this global show, and you can see how this picture depends on the assumptions we've made during
the global hybridization with each picture corresponding to the eight benchmark parameter points where we can now use the spectra to generate in directed fiction constraints.
So, family, family has heavily provided the likelihood profiles for the serial documented candidates searches.
And so here I've just, um, so for example if I just look at the blue and green. Those are the out jet like interpretation.
And for various parameter points looking at different visualization scales in different temperatures, but using those for granted points that gives us a sort of theoretical uncertainty band on that indirect detection constraint and see it mostly matches,
alongside the simple BB BB production. And so you consider the one plate case where you can see for the pleasant like interpretation we do start to see overt deviation at a more extreme level.
Um, so wrap up now, I just want to say that dark shadows are digging signature of Hidden Valley models motivated a solution to the hierarchy problem, and its ability to so far evade, a lot of our constraints.
But I sort of mostly want to pitch for getting involved in the zero favor case, since it's previously unstudied Judah distance running around the headline ization process.
And so we've tried to address this with the first Monte Carlo global generator show, which I highly recommend you check out.
Um, but yeah so we're currently looking at indirect detection study, but there's plenty more work to be done so I'd love to talk to people about how the best way to go about implementing this for future collider studies.
Thank you.
Thank you, Carla for the nice talk, and we open the floor for questions, let me see some one that was tested in that system with an M centricity tower helpless, healthy.
I think Michaels first.
Yeah but lots of left later.
Okay, sorry I didn't get a quick question for this coupon spectrum.
Does it depend on the MC.
But, I used to say whether the number of Global's depend on the age group dimensions, or the spectrum depends on the beach.
So, it has been studied in lattice for different NC values, you still get the same blue balls like these states, but they are relative mass compared to the combined so does change.
So there was a nice paper release, I come into the author, sorry. Within the last year, that's done like a full study into the global mass patron for different NC values.
So I think that's what we referencing on paper so check that out. Thanks.
Ok so now we go to Matt's question.
I have a, I have a comment on, can you go to the slide which shows the two different strategies for.
So, so there is a, a, a bias that you guys let sneak in it's not you know you're not trying to put it in directly but there's a way that you talk about the two different methods that you have, and specifically I'm referring to assign little later when
you show the, the, what you call the, I guess the the blue ball plasma method.
Sorry turn referring to the alternatives. Yeah, right. So, so, I mean, you guys have to have a bias that basically this is a prohibitive process and prohibitive to CD should give you the Jets.
And then this is the alternatives that we throw in for good measure. And I just want to make people understand that this is controversial that although you haven't really drawn it in a way that explains why this picture to the left, might be right.
It's important understand that at large and see the performative method, definitely breaks down.
And so we know that in in ordinary to CD This is not an issue because if NF is of order and see the strings that you the flux tubes that you formed break very rapidly.
And the maturity is picture survives. But when you're dealing with pure glue and there's no flavors then there's a one of our MC squared suppression, which is a factor of 10 already in KC D of the flux tube splitting right.
And what that means is that rather than performative TCT surviving hybridization it may be totally we scramble, and a methods such as what you have on the left is is one attempt to make sense of that, but that this is, it is this controversy, which is
one of the reasons why this type of hybridization module has not been written before.
No, thank you for the comment, um, But I just want to.
So without addressing it in this method is that not kind of a lie I do agree that there's this bias and this is an added. This is a sort of secondary interpretation that we've included.
But isn't that also addressing the model that you're talking about, with the it what what I'm saying is that there's a way in which I'm seeing this in the community a little bit that people are thinking of the perturbing the performative alternative as
the base case. And what I want to emphasize is in terms of what we actually know as theorists, they're equally good and you can make an argument against that case that.
So I just want people understand the controversy here and that therefore they should use both of these with equal weight.
Okay, no that's definitely something Thanks for pointing out and I'll be better at sort of trying to pitch it that way in the future. Thank you.
Okay, we think collagen and of course I remind you other the University of the discussion see models, but now we have to move to our next speakers of things color again, and Alessandra Can you share your screen, please.
Yes, I'm here.
Perfect.
And now you should also see it full screen. Yes. Got it. I am when one one slide for one one by one.
Okay, yes. Fantastic.
For the first slide now no problem please please go ahead. I'm sorry for that and making this point. No No No worries. So thank you sir Good the organizers I'm very happy to be here.
I'm very happy to present this paper, but recently done together with the years. You're a few minutes ago.
Felix inhale it.
And this paper is about searching for the condition of the let's see which in itself is already pretty peculiar because usually people look for that matter a DC.
So, how our time is short so let us get started from from this workshop we have certainly understood that it seems very powerful, both in terms of velocity and the center of mass energy, and also very versatile, there are different experiments different
detectors to look for different signatures. So there is a lot that DDC can see. And this makes you see the perfect tool in order to look for their matter.
On the other end there is a strong motivation, there are metrics to new physics and in the sense their mentor can tell, ABC walkthrough for these has led to a beautiful relationship between Elysee physics and the matter of criminology.
Like many relationship also this one has some issues, especially when it comes to will it be by this I don't mean that.
There are worried well motivated matter models that lead to Long live particles signatures of course there are we've seen them in the session. What I mean by that is that we make simple observation, there is a link between the scene geometric length and
the operator the electronic scale. This means that possibly interactions and by interactions while this token will actually mean the keys, the keys that are affected by the electronic scale may lead to microscopic health and dance normally particle signatures,
then it will be amazing if this thing interactions the same case where they wanted me to the dark matter productions.
Unfortunately, that cannot be the case because if the case is the case we're the ones responsible for that. We will then overproduce doesn't matter, so we don't want that.
But then, not all is lost because it can be the keys that yes these the kids are effective and they produce something because more logical consequences, but this something's just not a matter.
So if you think about producing something very light that that as dark as radiation, you might produce a darker you should do these these case. And these as a cosmological consequence, which you should have a shift in the effective nutrient around but
we just don't do that you can measure. And these particularly important is parameter because it will be well measured by future CMB experiment, so soon as possible see as a target sensitivity of zero dot zero free, which is our reference manual.
is being about director is that you don't need very complicated models in order to produce their matter and the scene is actually true in order to produce darker radiation so we want the case.
So we want a particle the king and the particle that is dictating to, which is our navigation. And then you particle content will be the spark bath Particle Beam, and our condition guy.
So the most part will be as it is above particle he needs to be in agreement with the stronger, more than the uterine universe, it is charged on a similar model and increasingly can also have reverse structure, but for what concern the stoke the only
copy that the best to the Standard Model lactose is just as I got romantic sweet, all entries equal to each other.
In particular, this is freezing production get the hate. So the company needs to be rather small so that guy is never an equilibrium in the early universe.
So discussing why would Why should we is more than 10 to the minus 610 to the minus seven, depending on the mass of the particle.
So this is the qualitative picture we have a bar in the game to get a tradition, and our condition can contribute to that and effective.
Then we actually have a specific value that an effective that we're looking for. So we actually want a quantitative calculation of that.
And that's an effective at the end of the day is nothing else and the ratio between some additional energy density and the reference where you which is your the additional energy density of a master list neutrino so if you think about adding another muscles
neutrino for neutrino, you have left an effective is equal to one.
But maybe most important three year, you can see on the right hand side will be the one that that then effective is proportional to these parameters that there is nothing else that we've been moving, or additional energy density.
For people who are familiar with our metric calibration This is not an analogous to the moving number density of the matter just for their out addition energy density.
So you've seen it, which I'm sure that these are my eyes to the entropy, to get power for fourth.
fourth. And just like in America creation, we can arrive, the moving number density, using bottom integration. We can also their eyes, moving or additional energy density using the most money equation.
This is something that is rather well known for infrared production of their measure. And so this would be pretty easy, you just use the results. Absolutely.
We want to rely relaxed some assumption for the order that's the assumption that the parent particle the case were completely normal let me sleep. So you know what these will not use the Maxwell Boltzmann approximation, those most importantly something
But most importantly, something that you can do for that matter you cannot actually do here is, neglect the inverse the keys, so the scattering of the dark radiation with Southern model particles, producing love particles is usually negligible, in this
case because normally when you look.
So we need to relax these assumption, but this is pretty straightforward we still get a differential equation to solve which is, which are free.
And it's just a differential equation that depends on an integral that integral Island you see there, that depends on the temperature of his thunder model that is our sector and the speeds of the barn particle and the daughter particles are creation,
course also yet there are some some simplification that we need to do but in principle, it's something that we can do. So, this is the former co creation, this is how you do the formal condition that and effective and finally we get to the relevant parameter
space of interest for us.
So this is essentially the ultimate effective versus the true relevant parameters in our model, which are the mass of the barn particle and the lifetime of the barn particle, and from a customer logical perspective, broadly speaking, we could say that
everything is plot here is rather interesting.
And now we finally come to the HTC interesting bar because what you're looking at right now is the left axis, the y axis and you can see that if you want to prove all of these parameters of space, you can not only rely on lift signatures are brown signatures,
but you will actually have to use both of them.
So we actually need to study both of them so we started with the prompt once, and from really prompt ones. If you look at the interaction that we did that was showing earlier, This is pretty similar to us Let the model.
So actually we can just read us, Susie searches for slept on so the thing that we're interested in is the laptop, plus missing transfer sent and and and we do this for both the Atlas SMS searches.
And the way that we implements the sensitivity of the searches for longer lifetimes. So like for something that stopped completely prompt, is we work at the level of the cast on the input parameters, and the particular intervention the transverse input
parameter, where the cast, the former customer office in CMS are different so for us we advocate on the zero, which is less than.
We should be less than 35 times the temporary solution, which essentially means in this range of the needle for the lead source that the zero should be less than 0.1 millimeter.
What CMS mentioned suck up, which is zero less than 0.5 millimeter. So if we take these cuts of mean value it means the CMS should be embraceable able to probe a slightly longer lifespans from a simulation point of view we don't actually need to simulate
all the lifetimes, we can just simulate one life done every cast.
Nearly there and we check that this works perfectly well for along with particle signals research is the recasting is much easier because when you do lonely particle search usually during surgery, variety that as a function of the muscle the barn particle,
and its lifetime so it's rather easy, and the relevant search here is the one for this place left on me so grade three provided a school of production perception as a function of the muscle bound pathway in the lifetime.
Still here this is pretty well known the costs on the transmission parameter are different for Atlas and CMS, which means that in the next block you will actually see that Atlas probes slightly larger lifetimes then CMS slightly short that lifetimes.
They're costing us pretty easy, it gets a little trickier in different single flavor scenario but this is not surrounded one for these presentation.
So finally we come to the final plot is this same relevant parameter space that we were seeing earlier but now we springboard the HTC constraints. And you can see that there is an academic integrity between the displace searches, and the crown searches.
You can see that in general, others in CMS, probably slightly different parameters base.
Let me also say that you see something that looks like a safe corner on the bottom left is actually not that safe because if you remember the left center of mass energies traveling to the gv so basically everything below 104 gb should be sued by that.
Well, everything on there I should be still available.
So if you remember our target to some logical venue, we have a target sensitivity of 0.0 free.
And we have also complementarity between Elysee and cosmological thing, but we actually don't know whether CMV stage for we'll just do constraints, maybe if we like for instance something let's say that it sees an excess of a 0.06, then it will mean that
this scenario for the production of darker nation so the documentation produced by infrared, the keys is already screwed by a combination of prompt and displace surgery so they see.
So these is right around a month.
coming to the conclusions. We have improved the calculation of that and effective so we are improve the operational that then effective for documentation produce via the keys.
The interest parameter space that we find lies that the boundary between
chrome searches and long leaf particle signatures, and there is an AI complementarity between them, and also general offices CMS, different costs, and so they can produce slightly different parameters spaces.
And that's basically it. Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Lisa nice talk, and any questions in the floor.
So if not I have one that is mostly coming from experience and not from knowledge. So, did you look into the searches for this a billion tracks, so you will say why they don't apply, but you have something that is like a heavy lifting that goes to electronic
missing energy.
And if for some reason your letter is soft and get lost it or we could just go to meeting energy.
And I recall in a similar pressure was a long time ago so there were other searches disappeared internet searches was able to play some constraints or the display slept on search good not cover.
I will be happy to point your paper for I just don't know if you yes it is something that we considered, and I'm not sure it's the same favorite Barrow you're thinking about a number one by lateral operates Norris, where they consider steel freezing production
that is it was mainly UV, and the case they actually do exactly they requesting the dimension.
We can see there that we didn't do the full analysis, we, for some reason for that it would not put saw you will be not stronger than what we already have so it will probably be not complementary to what we are.
But in principle, like, if anything like you're thinking about these particular parts of the parameters piece I guess yeah something around maybe that even the higher part so i i think it was a better competitor of louder but they were more or less around
the same time we were setting up a custom these things in a to say up 50 models, and some colleges update that I was helping you win some of these places that don't do sensitivity right will be really the upper part of your plot, so maybe will be no relevant.
Yeah and I only checking if you if you if you check this, but there was also think also the muscle department particle would imply that she left him at the end will be pretty not soft, so to see if you can have fun with it if you go for a lifetime left
well buddy I did a focus I hate all that affect social yes well yeah it's worth pointing out. Thanks.
So, in fact, if you want to say us Can you hear me and see the slide. Yes, yes. Okay, great. So I can just get started thanks everyone or anything like a dinner or lunch, or like say simply go to sleep.
So first of all thank the organizers, allowing me to present our previous work.
Basically everything in wrapped in this paper with CGI Chang, and the Nielsen, the only also to previous words of this collaboration.
So, since this is the duck, duck shower section and I don't need to explain okay why we should have that shower stuff.
But instead, talking a little bit about a turn this if choices are portals, so this is like the cartoon that's recast it from the original one, just for our purpose.
So here, the light say right here is the standard model sector, so we know everything pretty well right here and here is the disconnected. Hidden Valley.
And the reason why we haven't seen that is because the back Lexi the barrier. What like say the small coupling between the Hidden Valley, and the standard model.
So therefore, like say in general with expect like some small decay with with display signal. That's why we are here, along with particle workshop. So there are like say multiple ways to, like say suppress the coupling and the one of the typical way is
to, like, call for the irrelevant portal, which is less studied or at least not as clear as other portals previously discussed. So here, one of the, like say, we just need to write down the portal couplings, okay, and the instead of calling for a epsilon,
for example, typical for that. That photon introduced by Alexei symmetry also will actually one of the effect. Now the company gets suppressed by the UV scale lab this grid and the hopefully.
On top of that, it's like the electroweak scale, and from logical reason and the many other like theoretical argument for example we expecting TV scale in physics.
Then, if we set this to TV scale. This is like a good point to start and this logically it provides a reasonable good signal raise and also displace signal, and that there are certainly other possibilities, okay just pure Hicks and other portals but in
this case we rely on these two operators.
In terms of different approach because now you introduce the UB scale right here so you can go to energy frontier just go to the connecting will portal particles directly.
Okay, by official colliders, or you can look at intensive differentiate instead. The always some signal, if you have that set to eventually have some degree of freedom.
And in this work, or like say the major topic of this, or the like.
The key point is if this hierarchy between the lambda UV and electroweak is not extreme, for example TV versus few hundred gv, then the Hicks was the portal tends to continuously be important, and introduce very interesting actually oxy or future collider
that philology.
So let's talk about the dot dot pions okay so this is probably not the hardest model in the world. In agenda we just need this point in direction so we introduce.
First of all, that corks will get without versions.
We first introduced this light Standard Model single it. So we introduced them in a vector like matters so you don't need to worry about. It's hypercharged so you can set it to zero so they are completely Standard Model single it.
So, like everything can be as live as less than gv, and some heavy Standard Model public mediators because you need to have a Hicks portal coupling, which is needed for many different theoretical arguments.
But let's set this right here. So, because we need that pilots we need more than one flavor. So these.
Yo, can you tell us who get in the mass matrix is in general, n by n matrices. And the key point is the keel must be a greater than TV because we have just mentioned, the scale right here should be better about TV.
So once this heavy particles, because in low energy description. What is FEFT they are not needed. So we just integrate them out and the left with this, yet he operated EFT a lot Rajan left with dimension six is equal to a couple names and the such leading
one dimension five Hicks portal coupling. And for em flavor equals. For Lexi greater than one day we left with some pseudo novel ghost impose on or legs a pilot for flavor equals one, we go to a specific point, which is covered by the previous study,
which I'm not going to cover right here. So here's the cartoon of this stuff spectrum. So this is the standard model blob. We love everything right here, and across the line is like a not necessarily evil twin of our TCP sector or hundred, hundred sector,
sector, we have TV scale mediators, that's a doublets. So, potentially, they can be discovered that MC but the signal could be messy and the light single at once and that they're mixing.
Okay, they picked up some interaction or portal coupling to the center model. And the ones we teach them that was they can find themselves into that pie, and many other hydrogens.
So, in the simplest case to flavor and we have three clients, it turns out, the phonology or like say the hardware dark heart physics is a little bit complicated already a lot of rich phenomena to to discover for example, in the CD conserving limit.
They can carry an arbitrary CPE face in this case but if the CP is conserving, then the rearrange themselves into CP Eigen state.
Somehow like the Standard Model patient and then came along in the CD conserving limit that they are just CDI and states.
And in this case because we don't introduce an extra.
You want doc Okay, in this case, everything is just a model, plus a docu CD, so there's no reason for us the pipe plus pie minuses.
Instead we use the poly index okay one in three and, and the two, of course, no. In this case, one in three pie one. Take the kvz follow because they form a zero minus plus so they're pseudo scalar for sarcastically, you can think about them as the composite
XM like particle life particle, or we just call them Alp like scenario with this effective large AARP to keep constant, which is like a, like a dimension trick so because the original couple eight yes like three dimensional six and Riley boil it down
to that mission five with one one single parameter. So, this is a pseudo UV scale, which is typically around one PV view, thinking about like TV scale elsewhere, and the MTV skill that timelines and such that time and diagram can either describe the zoom
that pie decay if you look at this way, or the portal that pie in production. So this is why the Z anomalous decay to dash our PI two on the other hand, is forming a zero minus minus the leads that scalar, in this case and mixed with the CP even Hicks,
is the effective coupling or effective mixing angle which is much smaller or less relevant than the PVC composite. So, first of all, like the decay, we study both cases like because for the most successful phonology you need to know the signal and the
decay right how they how they get to us and how they became so we did elaborate
math calculations okay and make sure that the result is like good for generic flavor dangly I'll be couplings. So this is certainly an extension. So we developed from this paper.
Just make sure that the coupling or the decay branching ratios, we use or elected we propose can be applied to certain okay if there's like a couple of the standard model for Indians.
And because we have a z Porto in this case. So the coupling to UDS, it seems oddly goes to one minus one minus one kind of feature, rather than a flavor flavor universal 111 type of public.
So there's like a lot of interesting features, and it is a busy plot but the key for for Margie is below one zV or less than either Primus, the time you want.
Yes, dominating So, which is a good use of Margie, and even about one gv you can see about 1% branching ratio is possible, and above one one GB, when the face base is fully open, then you may go through, for example, rope high type of the case and mentioned
with with like three standard model pseudo scalar will most, which is like a challenging.
In terms of margin.
So, there are a lot of. Okay, so, from logically there are a lot of open, open cracks okay we can look at. Okay, this is long the protocol was they can generally that they provided striking signals.
One of the ways we're like a common waste looking for them is like through the FCC or the flavor sector, because at one loop.
Even though, in this case you have minimal flavor violation they still generate through these box diagrams or penguin like diagrams, and that through some for from human interaction that you can write down.
You can write down. Eventually, through factorization. You'll come up with this typical branching ratio of BD k two k or k star, and an extra, extra DLP like client.
In this case the Z portal case is dominating, and that the branching ratio, typically for a TV but sorry for PV scale decay constant will be for the 10 to the minus, age, and we also notice that this is different from a general like elementary AARP case,
because it's necessarily introduced this pops diagram to describe the decay, so there will be an factor of three suppression compared to the previous calculations.
But anyways, Pv scale in this case is doable if that pions alone live, so we compare, like say a lot of for multiple words for example from MCP and also the previous on like lead steel leading charm limits and the CMS scouting, find new on scouting data
limits, and that they are compatible with each other and the importance actually changes rapidly. Once you go to different masses, but roughly speaking, they're in the same ballpark probing PV scale FA already, and the reaching.
Okay, this one that likes a multi PD range for future experiments and simultaneously we can discuss the chaos, okay falling like totally similar procedure for example just k plus BK two pi plus, with some invisible stuff.
So, in this case, following the NA 48 over to, for example, you can also probe FA around the PDS scenario, which the details, given in you know paper.
So let's move on. So, because this is doc shower and the because you have a docu CD, and we have anomalous Is he the case or equipment the hits the case, those either case because you have more of these producers LLC.
So we expected z portal is more relevant in this case.
So I'm using the same plot the same cartoon that Dylan was using in the previous talk that idea is very simple.
Based on this emerging jet spirit, so you can produce, for example a debut on displays where this is like say down streams. So, if the case in the viewing chamber, or laxity, you have a very good vertex system that you can count them and.
Okay, you have a shopkeeper reconstructed compared with the background that you get the limit.
So we've got about a minute left. Okay, cool. Yeah I'm about to wrap up. So this is an example of, like, what you get from FCP so this is what we get from the data coming from this paper, and that the dash band is when we get from the average background
we're likely using this using an alternative method, assuming some unknown systematics of this of the detector, and they agreed pretty well so using two different methods so with this confidence we extrapolate the limit to like say the end of run through
will not be at the end of it shows you the velocity, and you can see, at most, like 10th of my the seventh of almost zdK Rajan which can be pros and that the two peaks are simply introduced, because of the flavors structure or like say the rich, different
pie in decay with ratios, which is just a random benchmark, we pick up right here. And the two displays for that so you can looking for multiple display versus you know tenuously but here it's like at the current stage out CP they're still limited by
the lower tax efficiency but if this can be improved and this will take the lead at the low lifetime regime.
And there are a lot of like theoretical arguments, right here, but let's make a quick conclusion that probing.
If you send us a unitary that probing multiple TV scale, or like say multi PV scale, you with this method is Bible. Okay, with direct our detection.
We also take a simple Look, just this is super preliminary apologize. the limits coming from the CMS data scouting paper the same data. This is what we have with the same benchmark and 6650 mtv.com.
Sorry, that Python, and the at the current stage, they are pretty much similar and we did some brute force extrapolation for Chelsea, but hopefully we can move on from this okay.
But we are still discussing that certainly this is a non trivial job. Since I'm running off time have just stopped by this page, you can read the okay there are a lot of open fields to be discussed for example cosmology, this could be very warlike say,
talk about the turn of the portals, but I'll just stop here and waiting for questions.
Okay, thank you train and indeed we open the floor for some final question to ground today.
So while we wait for the avalanche of questions I just wanted to know something because they say the things can be easily lonely, but they also mean that they can be easily put it on.
So, is there any theoretical ingredient here because the nice, there's a range, or it's really a free parameter lifetime. Okay, yeah. So this, this is a very nice question.
So I think this is like a little bit. Okay, philosophy driven. So because in this paper we focusing on the portal, we're like say Hicks portal that shower, which means they unnecessarily generated from the Hicks was the exotic behave, which is a nice
argument for either C or future xz factories, and if so, and that because you need to produce that shower, let's assume that show is a paradigm.
Then the lifetime is certainly limited sorry the mass of these hard on this limited okay they cannot be much heavier than a few gv otherwise you have like say to body decays myself.
So if you just look at the general case, if you put in different, like say TV scale up scale right here and the rain, run the Empire from zero to tend to tend to be, which is, I think the most interesting regime, you typically get the lifetime above one
or at least point one millimeter. So, the starting to be long live. So this is paid by piling up the center, so that that Hydra mosquitoes. The electronic scale and the damn which is certainly limited by one TV or TV scale then you'll get along with particle,
if they are heavier then of course the things have changed but that's what we have in my mind.
Now I think if we don't have any money to do your essentially favoring a dealership without having to think too much about it.
So let me see if there any other questions from the remaining 22 participants.