WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.000 Yeah, I think now was successful, but I know you hear me you see me and you see my slides. 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.000 All work and actually you managed to go for what I might worry because sometimes this crashes, so I think we're probably ready to start building the people. 00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:19.000 So, this is what was needed. This is a green light to start. Okay, so we start the next session of the workshop, and we'll start with the young trying to demystify the mother is fed by media channels so police younger is a prime and the Ester. 00:00:19.000 --> 00:00:21.000 Exactly. 00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:25.000 You're already looked into my slides. Yeah, thanks a lot for having me here. 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:41.000 I will tell I mean, I will give you a bit of a logical perspective on dark matter and well try to motivate a little bit that if you're looking to teach Hello mediators met searches are probably not the way to go. 00:00:41.000 --> 00:00:57.000 At the LSC but that is very likely actually that we might see along with particles at the LSC when we talk about dark matter now. Yeah, exactly. This is the channel entity channel mediator models. 00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:11.000 Now I think in general, dark matter is one of the main motivations I think for for looking for new physics. And although they are of course plenty of ways to couple dark matter to the standard model. 00:01:11.000 --> 00:01:22.000 The way these searches word interpreted by the OC collaborations were mainly in terms of simplified models where you really look into the low energy. 00:01:22.000 --> 00:01:36.000 degrees of freedom of certain theory. And look, and they're basically these two options and as channel and teach no mediator, and a teacher the mediator in particular is very interesting because it has a quite rich phenomenology. 00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:43.000 And although you typically might think of it as I said as some low energy. 00:01:43.000 --> 00:01:56.000 degrees of freedom have a more complete theory and principles these models are consistent in the way that they are normalized double gage series where you can write down a master of and everything is fine principle. 00:01:56.000 --> 00:02:17.000 Now in the emphasis of what what you basically do is to introduce a documented particle and some, some partner that is also on the xe to a cemetery that stabilizes dark matter and here we have the Susie example where you 00:02:17.000 --> 00:02:29.000 think earlier, come as a s dark matter and a scalar cool partner as the mediator that you would have this you call the type of direction that you see down here in in in the MSM this coupling would be given by the gauge coupling which is of course not 00:02:29.000 --> 00:02:39.000 the case in general, also in the extension to the MSM. This might be free parameter. 00:02:39.000 --> 00:03:01.000 Now, some time ago, people started to study these kind of moles and more systematic way, for instance collaborators mine, who really went out and studied all the different spin assignments and coupling to the various generations, of course, and studied 00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:04.000 the constraints on such models. 00:03:04.000 --> 00:03:19.000 If you really take these low energy degrees of freedom, as all that there is relevant for the cinema algae and do the reluctance to computation indirect and direct detection constraints. 00:03:19.000 --> 00:03:26.000 And look what actually remains, and it's surprisingly little that remains so here's the case. 00:03:26.000 --> 00:03:44.000 Off the Susie like teacher mediator model, where you have this Marianna fermion talk met her, and a scalar mediator and this is promised space in terms of the Dark Matter mass and the relative mass but in between that mediator, and dark matter and the 00:03:44.000 --> 00:04:01.000 gray shading is here the coupling that you would need to get the right Radek density, um, and you have several constraints, do you see shockingly few little spot that are still allowed and these unfortunately are not ready, very much in the reach of LSC 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:17.000 so yeah so you might think it's a good idea to look for these models at the OC at all. And it's even worse if you look into other choices for instance if you're looking to non self conjugate dogma, better, then you see actually that all of the parameter 00:04:17.000 --> 00:04:29.000 space was the size of a coupling so in the wimp region is actually excluded by all the searches. Without the LSC already. 00:04:29.000 --> 00:04:46.000 However, there's this white spot. Down here which for all, all of these models is actually untouched by all these constraints. And you might wonder what happens there so technically the couplings should be very small in this region so let's see what happens 00:04:46.000 --> 00:04:59.000 there and to understand this let us very briefly just review. I mean, what what happens what what what is actually the dependence of the relic density on this coupling Lambda Chi that I introduced. 00:04:59.000 --> 00:05:09.000 So in the usual freeze out scenario that all of you probably know where you have large couplings. 00:05:09.000 --> 00:05:19.000 You have just this animation of dark matter that governs erratic density so the reg densities, just inversely proportional to some power of the coupling. 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:24.000 However, depending on the mass splitting between the mediator and that dark matter particle. 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:31.000 Actually significant contribution for media to pan elation or this coalition. 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:47.000 Can, can play a role in in the freezer so this could have actually bounced down and in the case of sufficiently small couplings. It's just a mediator panel ation that is important in the early universe and in this case, the rate of density is actually 00:05:47.000 --> 00:06:05.000 not dependent on the coupling anymore. However, if you reach a certain smallness of this coupling another process is actually important, which typically is assumed to be efficient but it's not for very small companies, namely the conversions between dark 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:24.000 matter and this mediator particle. And once these conversions are not efficient anymore or at the edge of being efficient, they can actually initiate the breakdown of chemical even so they can actually govern the freeze out and that's a distinct freeze 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:28.000 up mode which we call convergent or freeze out or co scattering. 00:06:28.000 --> 00:06:40.000 And that's another film illogical distinct region. And if you want to know where they sit so I mean, you can have probably already guess. 00:06:40.000 --> 00:06:53.000 But let me just just show you this this curve again for some particular mass point and the density that we measured Oh point one two, If they end up like this. 00:06:53.000 --> 00:07:06.000 You clearly find this wimp solution for the dentist so you were basically sitting here. However, if the curve looks like this so for another point in the mass parameter plane. 00:07:06.000 --> 00:07:17.000 You may find a region here and this is exactly in this white region down here with a get or solution for the roof is density for this conversion. 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:28.000 And you might also be at this plateau which is which corresponds basically to this boundary here whether coupling actually drops by orders of magnitude. 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:42.000 Why is it important for the LSC now, because it this converter and frees up really predicts long with particles at the LSC with typical life times or decay links of, basically. 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:59.000 Wow. millimeters two meters so roughly a few centimeters typically, and that's because if conversions should be up the order of the huddle rate, which means that they are in the edge of being efficient, and the decay is, which are just one part of the 00:07:59.000 --> 00:08:15.000 conversions should be of the order of the Hubble rate or smaller. That means the decay length is off the order or larger than the inverse have a rate which you can translate actually into a centimeters for typical freezer temperature so for these test 00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:25.000 scale particles that we can prob at the LSC we naturally have these particles and that's why you know all these white spots. 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:47.000 The way to look into is long as particles. So there's one more thing to the story, namely, there's been recent progress in the radio testing computer, meaning that we further look into bounce data effects that are I mean, known to be potentially important 00:08:47.000 --> 00:09:02.000 in these sorts of models because you have this colored mediated particle and they can form bound states however for this very small mass gaps so in this converting them from that region, you have a prolonged freezer process, so it's not an instantaneous 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:29.000 so this bounce state effects are actually super important there. And while you can, of course, read, read our papers is very interesting but I mean the upshot and what is important for us here is that the region where you have this basically this this 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:44.000 And this is the dark matter, mass. So this region here is actually pretty much enhance so this is the just performative computation for this boundary between the wind bridge and the convergence room freeze up region. 00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:54.000 And this is actually the, the solution if we take into account bounce states and even excited bout states. 00:09:54.000 --> 00:10:06.000 So, this endpoint in particular, goes from to one point say three or so TV two for TV. So, yeah, there's quite large rate. 00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:20.000 Yeah, the minutes, three minutes. Okay, thank you. So how would you look into these long with particles at the LSE so here in this case it's called a park that could be produced. 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:42.000 They could typically decay inside the detector into a soft jet engine in dark matter. And here I would like to highlight that this is a soft ish jet, that, that, and the signature somehow falls a little bit into the between the typical targets that I'll 00:10:42.000 --> 00:11:00.000 look for it the OC so typically you either look into something like splits to see where you have a heart and from from us a gluey know that then the case and to read to lead hard jets in a displaced vertex, or you look into something like a charge you 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:23.000 know that the case into a super soft Python like hundreds of MeV just and missing energy, but this is something like the soft chat has something like typical energy of this delta and so say 2040, maybe 50 GV. 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:38.000 So this actually found that neither the displaced vertices search nor the disappearing track searches really tired to this kind of scenario those This is. 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:54.000 Well, this is basically what comes out if you look into this teach animals and of course once in a while, depending on the lifetime It could also trigger us all off the detector and so gives us, highly ionizing tracks, and this is the current LP constraints 00:11:54.000 --> 00:12:12.000 that we examined here for. I mean, for very small mass lettings, so this is the bottom partment so if it's below the bottom threshold there this too buddy the case of press so here we really have detect a stable particles, we can directly integrate the 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:22.000 art and searches for these kind of searches, here we had to reinterpret them and this is 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:38.000 what we would call disappearing tracks. And today's vertices searches actually suffered a lot from an invariant mascot that was a post that experimental setup that basically killed our sensitivity for this rather softish jets. 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:44.000 Yeah, so there's still quite some room to be explored here. 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:55.000 Okay, I think my time is up, I just want to flesh of course I mean this this pain, this this this 1.4 TV. 00:12:55.000 --> 00:13:08.000 Heavy saver chock full particle access, with a mass 1.4 most likely, which of course fits very well here principle and you see also the importance of these effects. 00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:11.000 But I mean, we have discussed this on Tuesday. 00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:31.000 Clearly there's something that that points to maybe something more weird than that but I just wanted to flesh her, I mean that that in principle from from the cross section that we expect here, this would fit very well, if only one would see it in the 00:13:31.000 --> 00:13:38.000 time of flight measurement so very, very briefly my summary so the abstract is really that teach have a mediator models. 00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:54.000 The wind per hour to space almost excluded the remaining region is to convert from freeze up region which is less explored, but gives us really as a prediction, not just in some corner of it, along with particles that the IC, which can be looked for, 00:13:54.000 --> 00:14:14.000 and we've seen that these bounced at factor, actually, largely enhance this region, where we expect LPs and the kinematics differ from the one that is currently looked into it so the targets, either split Suzy, or charge he knows that he came to a very 00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:25.000 soft pie on this. This may be something that could be looked looked into more dedicated. Okay, thank you very much for your attention. 00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:28.000 And sorry for being probably going over time. 00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:43.000 Thanks again for they started say I think one means pay, and then we open the floor for questions. 00:14:43.000 --> 00:14:56.000 Okay, so let me ask Michael something so you said that they, although they signature wise, you would say ladies are beaten track should work. There's a cut in there where they say making the search not very effective for your setup. 00:14:56.000 --> 00:15:12.000 And now they've you look into the separate track before because probably the cat is removing some unwanted background so it somehow clear from a naive estimation that if you remove this card, then you will gain sensitivity or is really the way the recipient 00:15:12.000 --> 00:15:30.000 that can give you know this this is this place purchases, so the the game here. This is the displays versus surgery and while we made this exercise, maybe you even remember that because we discuss it at some point. 00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:38.000 So the thing is that actually both our signal is in that region below this TMGV. 00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:39.000 Cut. 00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:55.000 So we, I mean if you we were able to completely remove this cut, we would actually gain I think two or three artists of magnitude in our signal. So this is, I think worth looking to of course there's a reason why it was placed in the first place. 00:15:55.000 --> 00:16:11.000 However, as far as we could see, there's not really much background so you can easily put it down to five gv as far as I understand you could of course also play, because I mean you put it there because you want to get rid of background from be the demons 00:16:11.000 --> 00:16:30.000 and stuff like that but you could of course play around with having a slum what tighter cut on on the displacement so require slightly larger displacement but reduce that delta that variant mascot I think this is some things worse playing around with 00:16:30.000 --> 00:16:36.000 so what what we've seen from Sigma point of view, this is really what kills the signal in this case. 00:16:36.000 --> 00:16:46.000 And I don't have the plot here but I mean the the sensitivity was really I mean, if you would remove it. I think that the sensitivity would be something like here. 00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:50.000 And without it's basically, it's hidden here. 00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:53.000 And I get it. Okay, okay. Thank you very much. 00:16:53.000 --> 00:17:00.000 So, in the off time, move to our next speaker, we send you again. Thank you. 00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:02.000 We have under. 00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:08.000 Hi, can you hear me. Yes loud and clear. Can you try to share your screen. Absolutely. 00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:20.000 While when you can stop sharing yeah I just have to get them because I got rid of the, I think, here, here it is right. 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:22.000 Here we go. 00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:26.000 Can you try now. Yes, I can. 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:36.000 There we go. Can we all see this looks fine yep perfect so can you try to go back and forth One. One. Perfect. 00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:46.000 Okay so without further ado, now are the different to take that tell us about the elastic that mother, delicious. Please go ahead. I let you know when you have two minutes list. 00:17:46.000 --> 00:17:58.000 Perfect. Thank you, so I'll be discussing recent study we've just completed regarding inelastic dark matter in the context of future propose experiments are the NFC. 00:17:58.000 --> 00:18:04.000 So brief overview, basically we try and do our best to survey the landscape. 00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:12.000 Basically utilizing a few of the proposed to take the geometries, some of which have been discussed this week. 00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:41.000 In the context of a standard inelastic. Dr. setup will be extinct some work. That's previously done by Felix clean and collaborators in the sense of a beta detector parameters as well as just new experiments, being proposed as they come online. 00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:48.000 And so, he was saying that this sort of setup led to suppress Dark Matter nuclear couplings. 00:18:48.000 --> 00:19:06.000 And so this can help us start to evade detection expect direct detection constraints which are currently getting very strong for the war coronations in the early universe can determine and set the relic abundance, which is then at later times suppressed. 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:15.000 And so we can seem to tenuously evade stringent SMB constraints while also producing a stable thermal thermal relic which we denote. 00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:17.000 One other inventively. 00:19:17.000 --> 00:19:26.000 And so they're relatively like me later. He's been required to explain that the dark matter abundance by a standard thermal freeze up processes. 00:19:26.000 --> 00:19:32.000 And when we choose is the course I suppose the standard duck photon. 00:19:32.000 --> 00:19:49.000 And so, to set up our model we consider a Dark Sector containing, as I mentioned, to almost a generic mistakes coupled through a dark photon mediator, the strength of which is given this term here by a kinetic mixing parameter epsilon. 00:19:49.000 --> 00:20:04.000 And so, we consider a couple of cases, first week to the fermion iq states, and so we have majorana fermion with a vertex coupling to that point on like this, we consider a staircase. 00:20:04.000 --> 00:20:19.000 And of course, the relevant vertex for a phenomenology is going to be how our states couple through this stock photo to the standard model, given Mike so and so, I've highlighted. 00:20:19.000 --> 00:20:26.000 Our kinetic mixing here which will be eventually what we can stream, as a model parameter. 00:20:26.000 --> 00:20:36.000 The next parameter of interest is going to be this term delta which is basically proportional to the mass bling, where I've hired the mass of the ledger state, so I'll stay we'll talk about a candidate. 00:20:36.000 --> 00:20:44.000 And this is going to be the other model prominent we can strength. Okay. So, epsilon. And one of the premise of interesting. 00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:57.000 Okay so production. The dominant production, because through drug in through some, is it bows on order photon into our elastic states here. 00:20:57.000 --> 00:21:04.000 This heavier state Chi to then propagate off, and then probably the case through, you know not show on shell. 00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:13.000 Duck photon into some semiotic final states which should hopefully be picked up by our detector. 00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:25.000 Okay, just going into the, into some detail here about how we conduct the analysis, it's a very straightforward analysis. Of course the main ingredient is going to be the expected number of signal events, we expect to see. 00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:36.000 And this is of course proportional to the production cross section of our colon cartoon states from Protein Protein collisions, multiplied by some integrated luminosity. 00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:51.000 And some parameter, which is called f signal, which is basically the expectation of detector efficiency multiplied by the probability of our heavy inelastic state decaying within the detect the volume. 00:21:51.000 --> 00:22:02.000 And so functionally we. This is computed by averaging over all of the possible kinematic configurations of our heavier state using my graph. 00:22:02.000 --> 00:22:15.000 So, again, getting slightly more into this. The, the piece of interest here this probability is given by this combination of exponential terms here. 00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:26.000 Of note is this Elba, which is just the expected expected decay length, which is of course inversely proportional to the decay with the process. 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:41.000 This entry and exit here are just simply the entry and exit points of our detective volume, assuming the longest particle, basically, travels from the interaction point straight to the detector doesn't again. 00:22:41.000 --> 00:22:44.000 And so schematically, the little picture here. 00:22:44.000 --> 00:22:56.000 We calculate this entry and exit by simulating Monte Carlo realizations about decay process and then determining the three momentum trajectories, like so. 00:22:56.000 --> 00:23:12.000 Furthermore, the other kind of important thing to note is we impose them a detective dependent energy cut on these final state fermion here, which is just the total cut on the total visible energy of the particles. 00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:21.000 Basically, preparing for any, you know, detect energy thresholds that we might have in the future, and discuss a little bit about that later. 00:23:21.000 --> 00:23:23.000 So that's a schematic set up. 00:23:23.000 --> 00:23:29.000 Okay, so as far as the experiments we consider, he's a cartoon. 00:23:29.000 --> 00:23:36.000 So, a bunch of these as I mentioned have been discussed at length this week, so facet could xB map map one and two fazer a nervous and Alex here. 00:23:36.000 --> 00:23:47.000 Matt one and two fazer a nervous and Alex here. As far as the numerical input implementation of these geometries we took. 00:23:47.000 --> 00:23:58.000 Basically the most recent and up to date values we could find in the proposals in the literature and implemented as best implemented them as best we can. 00:23:58.000 --> 00:24:11.000 Okay, keeping things. Moving on to some results. So here we have the forecasted 95% confidence interval limits on the Munich case. 00:24:11.000 --> 00:24:17.000 Basically these contours correspond to Apple for some fluctuation of three events. 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:20.000 In the absence of any significant background contribution. 00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:32.000 We have four benchmarks, corresponding to different values of the escalating parameter Delta, and the ratio of the photon last to the latter. 00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:34.000 The particle mass here. 00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:50.000 And so, as we can see, the colored contours correspond to the predictive sensitivities in each of these experiments, we can carve out quite a significant chunk of the currently on unexplored premier space yet, which is nice. 00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:55.000 The Alex detector being, especially 00:24:55.000 --> 00:25:15.000 good, which was interesting to see some things to notice the focus and sensitivities move to higher valleys of the kinetic mixing and the mess. When we decrease our message letting him by an order of magnitude. 00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:28.000 This is basically due to the fact that the decay with goes as basically this delta to power five and so to produce the same number of particles, we need to increase the coupling strength and the mass. 00:25:28.000 --> 00:25:30.000 So this was expected. 00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:37.000 The gray regions correspond to current experimental constraints on the dark photon. 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:52.000 And finally, just for completeness we include a contour, this black line here and each of these plots that correspond to the case where the staple dogmatic candidate the sky one saturates the observed from the commandments. 00:25:52.000 --> 00:26:03.000 So, for the scalar case, we found, basically the same result. And so, just for demonstration we we plot the first benchmark here. 00:26:03.000 --> 00:26:11.000 This could pretty much be explained by the fact that the decay length for the scale and the firm on a case were observed to be approximately the same. 00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:18.000 And so this was somewhat interesting, but pretty much expected. 00:26:18.000 --> 00:26:29.000 Somebody else we observed was the effect of changing this energy cut that we imposed for stage detector. 00:26:29.000 --> 00:26:35.000 And so what we've done here on this plot is we show the case for, who's learned and phase two. 00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:45.000 And this is just basically done to demonstrate examples of an off axis, compared with a foreword detector. 00:26:45.000 --> 00:27:05.000 And so we can see that changing the energy threshold by gv and the food labs and off axis type proposal could actually significantly change the forecasted sensitivity, something that we certainly didn't appreciate before doing this. 00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:19.000 And that's it short, sharp and shiny thank you very much and we open the floor for questions. 00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:34.000 Okay, if another will I will use my chair by was to ask you something so it's just a curiosity maybe they look into it. I think you have a guide to the K two k one FF bar for interesting moto certain quality or whatever, they should differ from the let's 00:27:34.000 --> 00:27:50.000 the let's say normal range bar of a scalar became to FX bar because of the city very gay so you will see one of these guys, but they will look not really looking like this scalar the game, so I don't know if you look into sort of some body levels of the 00:27:50.000 --> 00:28:04.000 Barbie case in case you say, if there's a signal I should be able to say, this looks more like an elastic their mother ran a scalar became or no no we didn't, but this is certainly a good idea, and a good proposal to look at. 00:28:04.000 --> 00:28:13.000 Now I was just curious, you know, because at some point we will see things and we need to correct the horizon so not keep doing. We is crucial blocks. 00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:22.000 Okay, so let me see someone else. In the meantime, God inspired to ask a question since it doesn't seem to be the case. 00:28:22.000 --> 00:28:32.000 We think Andre again and now we move to Nathan going to tell us about some quirky stuff. 00:28:32.000 --> 00:28:34.000 Yes. Hello. 00:28:34.000 --> 00:28:43.000 Hello. Can you try to share your slides. Yes. 00:28:43.000 --> 00:28:48.000 Okay, perfect. So, please go ahead and I will let you know when you have three minutes left. 00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:57.000 All right. 00:28:57.000 --> 00:28:59.000 All right. 00:28:59.000 --> 00:29:13.000 Hello, my name is Nathan Sorry, I am a student Caltech, I am currently working at the Lauridsen laboratory for high energy physics and today I'll be talking about my work on a standalone search for court pair production with timing detector at the highly 00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:15.000 me la seat. 00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:28.000 Now, to begin let's actually go into what quirks are so quirks are actually heavy, they proposed heavy stable charged particle, a Dark Sector analog to standard model corks that are connected by flux tube of dark blue ones. 00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:42.000 Now they're actually probably understood quirks are let us go through a little thought experiment. So in the Standard Model q CD case, the mass of the cork is much less than the dark, sorry the confining skill of ci CD. 00:29:42.000 --> 00:29:53.000 However, in the dark or cork proposed juicy case, the mass of the work is much greater than the dark confining scale. So what are the actual implications of this. 00:29:53.000 --> 00:30:10.000 So in the Standard Model case as we all know, the flux tube of glue on breaks and the leads to radiation into lighter quirks. However, stable quirks do not have any lighter states that maintain quantum numbers, therefore the flux tube of dark gluons does 00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:18.000 not break. As you can see here at the bottom, and this actually causes macroscopic also little emotion and eventual annihilation so very striking signature in deep. 00:30:18.000 --> 00:30:29.000 So, the actual search regime that we are looking at is in this lambda dark or the dark confining scale between 100. electron volts to 10 kilo electron volts. 00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:44.000 This correlates to an oscillation amplitude on the order of point one to 10 centimeters. This is like search currently constrained by the Jets plus match search, but as we know, in general, any current searches are limited by standard trigger acceptances 00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:49.000 therefore, the use of any additional kinematic data may improve our reach. As we will see soon. 00:30:49.000 --> 00:31:04.000 So what actually are the court dynamics, or what is the nature of the kinematic nature is of the trajectories of these very unusual particles. See the alert, sorry the linked quirk anti four pairs oscillate while moving outward or from an initial collision, 00:31:04.000 --> 00:31:17.000 as we can see you're on the right now the interaction with the inner detector does not change the angular momentum of the court system. So this actually leads to the courts, having not only under solitary motion but a planar oscillation. 00:31:17.000 --> 00:31:26.000 And as we know, current reconstruction algorithms are designed to look for helical trajectories. However, with these planar oscillations with quirks. 00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:40.000 They don't really work that much that well so with the current reconstruction algorithms are not designed to handle this very striking signature. However, a full redesign of the current reconstruction algorithms do handle the his system is unfeasible, 00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:47.000 therefore we try to look for indirect methods of probing a, the court systems, and the cork signal. 00:31:47.000 --> 00:32:03.000 So this is what leads us to our first or third strategy of time delay. So, in this case time delay refers to the difference between a particle in this case that court, reaching a specific region of the detector. 00:32:03.000 --> 00:32:16.000 So difference between that and a liminal particle. So on the left we see a little schematic of the in black the course trajectory and an orange as a liberal particle going straight from the interest of the interaction point. 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:23.000 Now the background the Standard Model background, generally have some distribution peak that zero with some small spread. 00:32:23.000 --> 00:32:34.000 But the quick signal is expected to have time delays, greater than or on the order of one nanosecond so already quite a distinct from the Standard Model background. 00:32:34.000 --> 00:32:43.000 And this is because quirks are as we mentioned earlier these oscillating heavy masses, which are going to travel slowly and reach the point in the detector. 00:32:43.000 --> 00:32:47.000 As you can see on left much slower than just. 00:32:47.000 --> 00:32:55.000 So how are we actually going to look at the timing layer, or how are we actually going to pro time delay as a discriminate. 00:32:55.000 --> 00:33:12.000 Fortunately, CMS of my law actually is a collaborator on this is designing a minimum ionizing particle timing detector layer, which is a four millimeter timing detector layer proposed between the tracker and he Cal region, designed for charged particles. 00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:27.000 It is currently currently both a proposed timing and resolution of 30 Pico seconds for note the BTL region or the barrel timing layer is using Lysol crystals activated with serum read out with silicone photo multipliers, and the ATL or the end cap timing 00:33:27.000 --> 00:33:34.000 layer uses radiation tolerant silicone sensors with game known as l guts. 00:33:34.000 --> 00:33:49.000 So, before we actually get into the, the time delay study we actually need to generate the cork Monte Carlo simulations. So to do that, as I mentioned earlier, there are two free parameters in the court model the mass of the cork and the dark confining 00:33:49.000 --> 00:34:00.000 scale so my simulations are done in a scan of this parameter space, the mass of the court going from 500 gb to 2500 gb and lend the dark going from 100. 00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:14.000 electron volts to three kilo electron volts, the actual model used with my graph is VOQ underscore UFO, which is an extension of standard model of the standard model with vector like top partners, as I mentioned earlier quirks, are these vector like for 00:34:14.000 --> 00:34:29.000 these PVC will charge particles, so we can actually use this T type court in this model as a proxy for quirks. Now the samples are generated with zero to one extra jets and the cork evolution is done through a self made code base, and at right we can 00:34:29.000 --> 00:34:46.000 Kirk sample Kirk trajectories from the simulations, showing the characteristic of dilatory motion. Now this actually gets us into the time delay investigation. So here we actually see the time delay distributions for the BTL region. 00:34:46.000 --> 00:35:02.000 So the BTL being the barrel timing layer on left we see the hundred electron volts case for lambda dark and mass of the work being 1000 GV and on right we see three kilo electron volts for the lambda Dart, and the 1000 jeebies for the mass of the cork. 00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:16.000 At the bottom we actually see the topology of the event. So for the hundred electron whole case, you have the larger versions of these oscillation amplitude, as the court kind of moves out from its original 00:35:16.000 --> 00:35:32.000 production point, and at right, we have actually interesting enough, the three kilometres from the highlands at our region has small oscillation amplitude, and to actually reach the BTL later you actually need to have the pair system recoil off of jet. 00:35:32.000 --> 00:35:50.000 So in the hundred EV case, you're going to have the time delay distribution peaked at two nanoseconds. And in the right case you see the time delay. Being approximately 17.5 nanoseconds again because courts are these heavy oscillating particles. 00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.000 That's why you have this larger time delay, even in the three kV region. 00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:57.000 When it's requiring have a job. 00:35:57.000 --> 00:36:09.000 So the BTL region actually yields greater time delay statistics in the low lambda dark region as we see compared to the hundred EV or the art sorry as, as you compared to the high. 00:36:09.000 --> 00:36:13.000 Sorry, the high lambda dark region of three kill electron volts. 00:36:13.000 --> 00:36:25.000 So to actually compare it to the ATL region. Here are the distributions at left again we have the hundred EV case, and it right the three kilo electron both case of the time delay is approximately the same order of magnitude. 00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:36.000 With time delay being a 2.5 nanoseconds on the left, 12 nanoseconds on the right. Note that the ATL yields greater timely stats in the high land the dark region. 00:36:36.000 --> 00:36:48.000 However, the overall time delay is, as you saw on the previous slide, higher in the, The, the right plot with the BTR region. 00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:57.000 So now that we actually understand or saw some timely distributions, we can go into the actual, the numbers and numeric the quantitative measurements. 00:36:57.000 --> 00:37:11.000 And here is the actual geometric cut. So these are the acceptance is used to make the previous slide, where we're requiring least one court to reach the specified layer I do the BTL or ATL after a center of mass on greater than 12.5 nanoseconds. 00:37:11.000 --> 00:37:23.000 So as we can see the general trend of this table is that higher court masses yield lower signal efficiencies, with the exception being the low lambda dark region and in general upholding the trends from the previous two slides. 00:37:23.000 --> 00:37:32.000 The BTL region is better for probing the lambda lambda dark region and the ATL is better for probing the high lambda darker region. 00:37:32.000 --> 00:37:46.000 Now, now that we actually understand the acceptances we can actually try to implement a kinematic cut here we apply a timing cut of three nanosecond time delay a cut off, apply to all events passing that geometric acceptance on the previous slide. 00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:55.000 So, here the BTL region, maintains more signal efficiency or sorry the general trend is that the BTL region maintains more signal efficiency, after the timing cut. 00:37:55.000 --> 00:38:09.000 But in general, we actually do achieve high efficiency, high signal efficiency greater than 95% for both the BTL and ATL regions for lambda dark being greater than or equal to a 25 ev a general. 00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:23.000 As I previously mentioned the ET the BTL region does maintain more signal efficiency, especially above masses of 1000 GV, but that's not to say the ATL is poorly performing. 00:38:23.000 --> 00:38:38.000 So, this search of actually looking at court systems, represents a departure of simply probing the electronic breaking scale, and moving towards looking at, unique, or striking signatures that are potentially observable at the Elysee, but are currently 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:45.000 miserable because of differences in our workflow, especially in this case the reconstruction algorithms. 00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:59.000 Cork trajectories in this project were successfully simulated and the signal events were generated using mad graph time delay actually proved to be valuable discriminate for the court signal motivating the use of the MTD both the BTL on ATL separately, 00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:08.000 separately, as we saw the BTL proved more effective improving the low lambda dark regime, while the ATL proved more effective, improving the Highland the dark regime. 00:39:08.000 --> 00:39:21.000 Currently we are exploring plane fitting seated by timing hits as an additional discriminate. Playing fitting, naturally, is a pretty obvious idea, as I mentioned earlier court systems have these planar oscillations. 00:39:21.000 --> 00:39:36.000 Therefore, it is natural to try to consider a plane fitting aptitude approach. We are also currently determining and generating possible backgrounds to the court signal for the timing investigation that would most likely be a soft QCD simulation with 00:39:36.000 --> 00:39:51.000 a finite MTD timing resolution. And then we want also like to expand the analysis into investigating other court signatures. So currently we're only looking at courts produced through Julian processes, which allows us to have these center model electric 00:39:51.000 --> 00:39:53.000 charge. 00:39:53.000 --> 00:40:07.000 And that allows us to use the MTV which is requires us use charged particles, but if we are clever we can potentially expand the analysis, into other cases, maybe even using like plain fitting aptitude example to look at the other production methods such 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:11.000 as the colored cases from CCD or even one charge one neutral. 00:40:11.000 --> 00:40:12.000 Thank you. 00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:13.000 Any questions. 00:40:13.000 --> 00:40:21.000 Thank you very much. Listen. So yes, actually we open the floor for questions so in James has a question. I know Mike has a question please mind go ahead. 00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:34.000 Yeah Hi, thanks very interesting, but I have a question, but presumably the quirks will they got electric charge and there'll be radiating photons right and and going. 00:40:34.000 --> 00:40:40.000 And if one is annihilated the other ones got benign at the same time, I don't quite understand what's going on there. 00:40:40.000 --> 00:41:00.000 Oh, I guess, so do you mean, are you asking about like the topology the event or. Well, as I understand it, the quicks charged the the end of the string of this string of dark clouds right right as Gosh, as they, as they are oscillating and turning around 00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.000 the end, there must be radiating photons because charged particles. Right. 00:41:04.000 --> 00:41:17.000 Right. So that will they will cascade down and then annihilate presumably on each other right. Okay, so I'm not, Mike, Mike, they don't need to let their photos they they so they could be elected. 00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:31.000 They could be St Charles where they could only be called or a chance if you will not under under a new, they could be totally cinema and neutral and charged under the new sort of dark QCD of model building if you want. 00:41:31.000 --> 00:41:32.000 Okay. 00:41:32.000 --> 00:41:43.000 Could they radiate not protons as their accelerated at the end of the day, could maybe not the most common model that because it's the next question, so I let him comments. 00:41:43.000 --> 00:41:58.000 I'm just gonna, I mean, there's a there's a whole slew of different types of objects here so I think there's no real one size fits all answer to my question but generally these particles take a long time to annihilate because the amount of radiation compared 00:41:58.000 --> 00:42:06.000 to the mass is so small. So, on the timescale that this speaker is worried about the annihilation it's not an issue. 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:20.000 But, but I do think it's worth keeping in mind that because they're all these different types of objects that there are some risks with plain fitting in that, you know, that'll work for some models but a lot of models that won't. 00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:29.000 Whereas, you haven't mentioned ddx, which works for why classic models and I wonder whether you, whether you're planning to sort of incorporate that. 00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:30.000 Yes. 00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:38.000 Yeah. Yeah. I didn't mention it, but that is a potential direction that we are looking into. 00:42:38.000 --> 00:42:40.000 Thanks. 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:43.000 So Simon. 00:42:43.000 --> 00:42:59.000 Yeah, I met just commenting on the ddx, this is something that when we were looking at the plane flooding back in the day. 00:42:59.000 --> 00:43:10.000 Because you end up picking up the particle at a particular point and a picture of velocity. And so you got a really wide distribution for these things at least for these sort of very broad trajectories. 00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.000 And it didn't end up sticking out much about the background. 00:43:14.000 --> 00:43:23.000 Now if the if the cork is very narrow right so then it should it should work very well. 00:43:23.000 --> 00:43:31.000 But that was just like, you know, theories level study back in the day so it might be worth revisiting. 00:43:31.000 --> 00:43:32.000 Makes sense. 00:43:32.000 --> 00:43:46.000 Hey thanks for the comment. I see no further questions or comments, or concepts or we stagnate, we move to fall. 00:43:46.000 --> 00:43:48.000 Yes. Hello. 00:43:48.000 --> 00:43:50.000 Hello. 00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:56.000 We see you, the time to share your slides. 00:43:56.000 --> 00:44:03.000 So, The words. 00:44:03.000 --> 00:44:17.000 And let's see if we can go one for what I want my work. Perfect. So without further you see them changing. Yes yes fantastic so please go ahead and tell us everything about just a little piece. 00:44:17.000 --> 00:44:21.000 They have been discussing meeting. 00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:23.000 Yes. 00:44:23.000 --> 00:44:40.000 So, hello everyone my name is Alma civic I'm a PhD student at the University was so. And today I would like to present you results of the recent study we did together Bahama Delta cash Korean Columbia, see Kimmy so in Kazuki saccharine if you'd be interested, 00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.000 then you can find the prep in an archive. 00:44:44.000 --> 00:44:58.000 In our study we wanted to answer the question whether LPs can be discovered that Elysee doing ground three and highlighting the case. And we decided to concentrate on longest particles that are moved to be charged by want to be charged, I mean that the 00:44:58.000 --> 00:45:05.000 electric that they are electrically charged, and the magnitude of the charge can be up to several times. 00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:10.000 Magnitude of protons charge or electrons. 00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:18.000 Now, In our study we requested analyzes for three experiments Atlas CMS and metal. 00:45:18.000 --> 00:45:31.000 And we considered to production most of both open and closed on a production, whereby close channel, I mean, formation of petroleum like bounce states. 00:45:31.000 --> 00:45:40.000 And we hope that aimed at obtaining lower must bounds, that these three experiments could provide and the at the end of the day that they can do it. 00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:49.000 So there are multiple scenarios that predict existence of multiple charged particles, and in some of them. These particles can be long lift. 00:45:49.000 --> 00:45:55.000 In our study we want it to be very general model independent. 00:45:55.000 --> 00:46:09.000 We considered particles with charges from one to eight times elementary charge that were four times, so we considered particles will spin zero and half that were either close singlet or triplets. 00:46:09.000 --> 00:46:12.000 They were always as you do single it. 00:46:12.000 --> 00:46:26.000 And we added them on top of the standard model, but since we wanted to stay as model independent and general as possible. We didn't like specify the, how they will will decay. 00:46:26.000 --> 00:46:36.000 Rather we treat them as collider stable. In case of adolescence TMS, or we parameters the decay length for metal. 00:46:36.000 --> 00:46:49.000 But how these particles can be produced. Well, there are several processes, there is an S channel on production there was a photon fusion fruity channel or four point interaction vertex. 00:46:49.000 --> 00:46:56.000 And in case of color tripping particles. We can also have a glue and glue on and gum my view on the fusion processes. 00:46:56.000 --> 00:47:09.000 On the next slide you can see the composition of the section for an example particle called family on with one TV mass. Here is on x axis you can see charge of the particle on y axis cross section. 00:47:09.000 --> 00:47:19.000 And from this broad, you can see that wire for small charges, we can blow on the vision for that. 00:47:19.000 --> 00:47:31.000 And its dominant. 00:47:31.000 --> 00:47:50.000 I speak about it because so far experimental searches interpret the results, only for Julian processes. However, I heard a very interesting talk by Mr Smirnoff two days ago, about an ongoing Atlas analyzes where they finally take into also photo photo 00:47:50.000 --> 00:48:04.000 fusion, in case of a color singlet effect is also very large at beryllium and gamma gamma is the green one like this for highly charged particles. 00:48:04.000 --> 00:48:13.000 On the next slide you can see production per section for all those four types of particles. I just want you to notice that. 00:48:13.000 --> 00:48:25.000 And the production costs section increases significantly. When we increase the charge in case of NGOs this mean orders of magnitude change. 00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:42.000 Besides of. I mean, in addition to considering pairs of particles particle antiparticle pairs produced that propagates through the detector. We also considered formation of joining like bounce states, made of those new particles. 00:48:42.000 --> 00:48:51.000 And we calculated this, the production costs section for these using another relativistic approximation. 00:48:51.000 --> 00:49:05.000 Potential within the Schrodinger equation, we were able to obtain hydrogen atom like solutions, then we use now with approximation to get cross section to produce us bound state that 00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:26.000 says I have very limited time, I will not explain in details how we requested this analyzes, I just want to say that for open channel searches, we use, we based our study on analyzes by CMS that look for large the dx. 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:39.000 our analyzes on Atlas resonance default on search, and for, and we also did open channel searches for the middle experiment using our own simulation. 00:49:39.000 --> 00:49:44.000 Now I'll show you the results. So the results of a form of two dimensional planes. 00:49:44.000 --> 00:50:07.000 Is there is a charge of a particle on the y axis, there is a mass of new particle corresponds to the experiments will be able to provide at the end of data taking period, the gray, the gray should be already dead. 00:50:07.000 --> 00:50:23.000 Now, there are several curves, the red curve is the open channel search and CMS. And as you can see it changes mother it with the charge. The blue curve is the closed on the search. 00:50:23.000 --> 00:50:28.000 that is not give too low charges. 00:50:28.000 --> 00:50:32.000 The for larger charges can be the dominant one. 00:50:32.000 --> 00:50:35.000 Winters correspond to the middle experiment. 00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:48.000 It always increases with George and Jenny provides the immediate sensitivity. You can, because the most top one is responsible detection of one event, then two events. 00:50:48.000 --> 00:51:07.000 Events, we can speak about such low numbers because medal is background for the experiment. It's for those that maybe haven't heard about it, it's a mostly passive detector located in LA CBK burn two meters away from intersection point eight. 00:51:07.000 --> 00:51:17.000 It was primarily designed to search for magnetic monopoles but it can also detect. Long live particles if they are highly organized. 00:51:17.000 --> 00:51:25.000 So on the next slide. I'll provide you a results for colors scalars on the left for run three on the right for hi Lou me. 00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:28.000 And as you can see. 00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:53.000 On three, four charges from one of the large PBX searches are most dominant and for larger charges the search for diapers on, man. And we can expect limits like 550 GV for touch one for charge eight 2.2 TV or high luminosity the limits grow to be 600 00:51:53.000 --> 00:52:13.000 One, and at 2.5 TV for touch a something that I think happens for intermediate values of charges from three touch six medal becomes more sensitive than those not experiments like a mess. 00:52:13.000 --> 00:52:21.000 This is kind of surprising because metal is a small experiment, and it will operate at 10 times lower luminosity than those. 00:52:21.000 --> 00:52:31.000 However, metal is background free, so it doesn't suffer from increased background after going to hi Lou me, and it can become here. 00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:33.000 City. 00:52:33.000 --> 00:52:39.000 Large experiments which is kind of interesting. limits for the colors failures are stronger. 00:52:39.000 --> 00:52:51.000 So, for one week. 950 gV during grand three and four charge a 2.3 TV for high luminosity. 00:52:51.000 --> 00:53:08.000 For charge one it should be about one TV, and for charge eight point 60 being and again we see that for intermediate values that that becomes more sensitive than our class and CMS wire for called scholars limits or even stronger. 00:53:08.000 --> 00:53:26.000 So we have one TV 550 GV for touch one during at the end of round three, and then we're charged eight we have 2.6. tv. And for a high low me with one point 61, and four charged. 00:53:26.000 --> 00:53:32.000 We have 2.9 TV situation with Mandela similar. 00:53:32.000 --> 00:53:42.000 And finally colored females here the bounce our strongest, so we can expect for charge one at the end of run three. 00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:51.000 Two TV, and the fourth charge eight, it would be 2.8. tv. And for high luminosity. 00:53:51.000 --> 00:54:06.000 Expect over to TV for charge one and four charged eight people in one TV, more sensitive Atlas are in for charges from three to six. 00:54:06.000 --> 00:54:26.000 So to conclude, we can detect want to be charged heavy Longley particles, Adelaide see for open and close Jonathan searches and but if we want to correctly interpret our findings, we need to include, we need to consider photon photon, and photon gamma 00:54:26.000 --> 00:54:33.000 fusion processes to an appropriate PDF to calculate costs section accurately. 00:54:33.000 --> 00:54:46.000 Now, when it comes to large experiments like Atlas and CMS, then generally open channels such they're more sensitive for charges from one to five. Why for larger charges the default on the resonance searches become more sensitive. 00:54:46.000 --> 00:54:56.000 And when it comes to metal. It provides a completely different methods, then Atlassian CMS, because its background free and passive. 00:54:56.000 --> 00:55:04.000 And for around three, it provides intermediate sensitivity for all charges. While what is interesting for a high lumen. 00:55:04.000 --> 00:55:17.000 We expect that metal can become more sensitive than Atlassian CMS for intermediate value of charges from three to six, he. Because, mainly because it's big on experiments. 00:55:17.000 --> 00:55:31.000 And, as you might have noticed I showed you, limits from those three analyzes I didn't show me like a combined limit. And I think none of the experiments, provided that but my I might be wrong. 00:55:31.000 --> 00:55:40.000 I'm seeing something like a combined image from different searches open and close channel would be very, very interesting. 00:55:40.000 --> 00:56:02.000 And before I finish, just wanted to mention that there has been a very recent very recent resolved by Atlas and you large ddx search was published in May, and an excess with 3.3 sigma significance has been observed that is interpreted as a longer particle. 00:56:02.000 --> 00:56:08.000 There was a talk about it and discussion, two days ago at this workshop. 00:56:08.000 --> 00:56:10.000 Thank you. 00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:20.000 Thank you very much for these nice talk, and we open the floor for questions. 00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:36.000 Because if not, I had to ask you, okay, Mike is going to say yeah, just okay and such a high charged particles could affect g minus to Milan is that been calculated or does it neon t minus to give limits on these particles, 00:56:36.000 --> 00:56:39.000 minus two. 00:56:39.000 --> 00:56:49.000 For any any charged particles especially highly charged ones in the loop diagram can can affect p minus to neon, but it probably is. They're really heavy. 00:56:49.000 --> 00:56:52.000 that would be 00:56:52.000 --> 00:57:07.000 simplified modern life okay yes yes it's model. It's model, we wanted to be as general as possible. So we basically we only assume in our studies the quantum numbers of particles. 00:57:07.000 --> 00:57:18.000 And we've already there mass, and we are the collider stable or in case of Madeley Parma tries to be killing so that became depends, I think, on the concrete model. 00:57:18.000 --> 00:57:28.000 We wanted. Instead, give like a rough estimate what can be measured around relate see and hi to me. 00:57:28.000 --> 00:57:35.000 Then if you have like a concrete model you can kind of like, know what to expect. 00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:48.000 Does that answer your question or yeah pretty well I guess yeah but I don't know if it's been calculated p minus two things so maybe he wants to say something about this, or something different I don't know. 00:57:48.000 --> 00:58:15.000 I will draw something different. Just as a follow up on the, on the sexuality. Yes, we have two days ago, we would metal be sensitive to what's possibly atlases seeing the luminosity still low but for metal because we have only been nearly as a signature. 00:58:15.000 --> 00:58:20.000 When you see that in your plastic. 00:58:20.000 --> 00:58:31.000 In order for me to be sensitive, the particle has to be really long lived, it has to traverse at least two meters, the detector is two meters away from the section point. 00:58:31.000 --> 00:58:34.000 And it has to be highly organized. 00:58:34.000 --> 00:58:42.000 Now, maybe I would be, this has to be checked 00:58:42.000 --> 00:58:55.000 yet yes I think it has a chat, there's a chance but like, there's still ongoing discussion with actually how to interpret this result, there was this thing. 00:58:55.000 --> 00:58:58.000 But 00:58:58.000 --> 00:59:07.000 apparently not that they're supposed to be faithful one or so and that probably would not not. 00:59:07.000 --> 00:59:12.000 Yes, yes, you're right you're right, you're right. So, uh, yeah, you're right. 00:59:12.000 --> 00:59:21.000 So, okay, I have to look at it maybe once within the collaboration. 00:59:21.000 --> 00:59:26.000 No, actually I wanted to show you this, this book, it's in the backup. 00:59:26.000 --> 00:59:39.000 Actually Actually you're right so mentally sensitive, only to slowly moving particles. So if you did this data suggests this particles, black, brown charge one or touch to 00:59:39.000 --> 00:59:48.000 touch to the particle has to move low, not more than 30% of speed of light, to be detectable at that not meddle. 00:59:48.000 --> 00:59:54.000 So if their data suggests. 00:59:54.000 --> 01:00:09.000 Also this other measurement that's said, 0.6, if I remember correctly, and it's still like beyond Mandela switch. And that has this big 01:00:09.000 --> 01:00:18.000 property that it's sensitive, only to slowly moving particles. 01:00:18.000 --> 01:00:48.000 Okay, thank you, thank you very much for this estimation I think for for more refined estimates estimates, you can always use the matter most channel.