The current operation of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system within the CMS experiment involves approximately 95% tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4, TFE). However, in response to climate change concerns, the European Union has instituted a ban on TFE owing to its elevated Global Warming Potential (GWP), resulting in an associated increase in market prices. In this framework, shared endeavors...
The RPCs employed at the LHC experiments are currently operated in avalanche mode, with a mixture containing a large fraction of C2H2F4 (> 90%) with the addition of i-C4H10 and SF6 in slightly different concentrations (depending on the experiments). However, C2H2F4 and SF6 are fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) with GWP of ~1400 and ~22800 respectively. EU regulations imposed a progressive...
Glass Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) detectors are primarily used for their excellent time resolution properties in High Energy Physics and Tomography application. Typically, they are operated with a freon-based gas mixture containing C2H2F4 (R134a) and SF6, both greenhouse gases (GHG) with high global warming potential.
This study focuses on the construction and characterization...
The standard gas mixture for the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), composed of $\rm{C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}}$/i-$\rm{C_{4}H_{10}/SF_{6}}$, allows the detector operation in avalanche mode, as required by the high-luminosity collider experiments. The gas density, the low current and the comfortable avalanche-streamer separation guarantee high detection efficiency, rate capability and slow detector...
