Multiplicity-dependent yield ratios of light-flavour particles, such as p and strange hadrons relative to $\pi$, provide key insights into hadron production mechanisms and strangeness enhancement across collision systems. Observable like (multi-)strange to non-strange ratios show a smooth transition from small to large systems, shedding light on collective behaviour and production dynamics....
Measurements at the LHC have provided evidence for collective behavior in high-multiplicity proton-lead (pPb) collisions through multiparticle correlation techniques. Yet, no conclusive evidence of jet quenching, indicating the energy loss of high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ partons as they traverse the medium, has been detected in pPb. This raises the intriguing question: How can a medium described by...
Measurements from the LHC and RHIC of proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (pPb) collisions have revealed that the onset of phenomena normally associated with heavy-ion collisions also appear in smaller collision systems, particularly in collisions that produce large particle densities. However, unlike their larger heavy-ion counterparts, multiplicity production in pp collisions is dominated by...
Azimuthal anisotropy quantified as anisotropic flow coefficients are important observables that can provide key information about the collectivity of the system formed during heavy-ion collisions. The anisotropic flow coefficients are sensitive to both the geometrical configuration of the collision overlap region and the transport properties of the medium. Recently, hints of collectivity in...
In ultrarelativistic collisions of nuclear matter, one of the emerging topics is the possible formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) droplets in small collision systems. Recent measurements with flow-like behavior imply collectivity in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC. It is also crucial to look for evidence of possible jet-quenching effects in such systems. The results of jet...
In proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at the LHC, signatures like those observed in lead-lead collisions arise as the multiplicity of charged particles produced in the collision increases. In AA collisions, these features are attributed to the formation of a deconfined state of matter formed by quarks and gluons, known as the QuarkโGluon Plasma (QGP). Most notably, these include a...
Strangeness enhancement has long been considered as a signature of the quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions. Strangeness enhancement has also been observed in small systems at the LHC, but the underlying physics is not yet fully understood. This motivates studies of strange hadron production in small systems at RHIC, where the energy density of the created system is expected...
One of the major motivations for the planned p--O and O--O collisions at the LHC is to explore the possibilities of small system collectivity. Such transverse collective expansion results in the appearance of long-range azimuthal correlation and is quantified via the coefficients, $v_{\rm n}$, of Fourier expansion of the azimuthal momentum distribution of the final-state particles. These flow...
This study investigates the intricate relationship between transverse spherocity ($S_{0}$) and the relative transverse multiplicity activity event classifier ($R_{T}$) in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Through a detailed analysis across different spherocity regions, we examine various observables to understand underlying...
This is a mini-review talk.
The studies of heavy flavor (charm or bottom) hadrons in relativistic collisions provide an undisputed testing ground for the theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). As the majority of the heavy flavor particles are produced in the initial stages of the heavy-ion collisions, they experience the whole QCD medium evolution. The lightest open charm meson, $D^{0}$, and hidden...
Due to the heavy-quark symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), the cross-section for the production of $\eta_c$ can be predicted. This NRQCD prediction when confronted with data from the LHCb is seen to fail miserably. However, modified NRQCD provides a neat solution to the LHCb $\eta_c$ anomaly and provides an understanding of all the features of the $\eta_c$ data....
The interactions between jets and the longitudinal-boosted quark-gluon plasma (QGP) lead to softer particles drifting away from the jet core, where high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ particles remain concentrated, resulting in an intra-jet asymmetry. Investigating this asymmetry, particularly at forward rapidities, offers a novel avenue to probe jet-medium dynamics. Using the PbPb and pp data at...
We estimate the diffusion coefficient matrix for baryon number, strangeness, electric charge, and charm quantum numbers in an interacting hadron gas. For the first time, this study provides insights into the charm current and estimates the diffusion matrix coefficient for charmed states, treating them as part of a quasi-thermalized medium. We analyze the diffusion matrix coefficient as a...
Charmonia ($c\bar{c}$) states are believed to undergo considerable suppression, if quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is formed relativistic heavy-ion collisions. However a precise identification of the "anomalous" suppression pattern and its interpretation as a signature of color deconfinement, demands a detailed understanding of charmonium production and suppression in proton-nucleus ($p+A$)...
The measurements of heavy-flavour (charm and beauty) production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC provide stringent test for perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Furthermore, studies in pp collisions serve as a necessary baseline for similar measurements in proton-nucleus (p-A) and nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions in order to investigate the influence of cold- and...
Quarkonium production in ultra-relativistic collisions is an essential probe for understanding the deconfined phase of QCD matter. Further, quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions supports the existence of the deconfined, thermalized, and strongly interacting QCD medium known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP). However, phenomena like collective flow, which is assumed to be another crucial...
Heavy quarks (HQ) are considered to be excellent probes of the hot QCD matter produced in the high-energy heavy-ion collisions. HQ diffusion coefficient is one of the fundamental transport properties of the hot QCD matter. In this work, we have calculated the HQ momentum ($\kappa$) as well as spatial ($D_s$) diffusion coefficients in an ambient background weak magnetic field via evaluating the...
We have developed a consistent model that combines parton jet shower production from perturbative QCD and the complicated interactions between the full jet with the medium soft partons in a MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model. In addition to the elastic binary collisions existing in the model, we have incorporated the crucial energy-momentum modifications of the parton showers via medium-induced...
Quarkonia are among the most studied probe of the quark-gluon plasma
created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. But a nonperturbative
theoretical formalism for quarkonia in plasma is difficult, and one
relies on an effective field theory formalism coupled with
lattice studies. If the system size is much less than the inverse
temperature, as is expected for bottomonia, the...
The interaction of heavy quarks with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) significantly influences their azimuthal distribution and transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) spectrum, making azimuthal anisotropy coefficients ($v_n$) and nuclear modification factors ($R_{AA}$) essential tools for studying QGP properties, as they reveal collective flow and energy loss mechanisms of heavy quarks. In this...
In this study, we employ medium-modified Cornell (MMC) potential to investigate the thermodynamic properties of ground states of heavy quarkonium systems in N-dimensional space through the Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSYQM) approach. To account for the effects of baryonic chemical potential on quarkonia, we incorporate the quasi-particle Debye mass. The Schrรถdinger equation is solved to...
Drag and diffusion coefficients of the Heavy Quarks (HQs), such as charm and bottom, are one of the prime tools for discerning the properties of the deconfined QCD medium created in the heavy ion collisions experiments. The innate non-perturbative nature of the QCD medium renders it imperative to estimate the transport coefficients in that domain. The present work evaluates the drag and...
Heavy quark-antiquark bound states such as $c\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$, serve as essential tools for probing the properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). However, its finite momentum behaviour remains largely unexplored, despite its experimental significance. Here, we present an extension of quarkonia dynamics from zero-momentum to finite-momentum by observing its spectral function. We obtained...
Heavy-Quarkonia evolution in quark-gluon plasma (QGP) can be studied using the framework of open quantum systems. The density matrix of the quarkonia satisfies a simple Lindblad-type equation if one assumes that the binding energy $E_b$ is much smaller than the medium temperature $T$. This approximation does not hold for a significant part of the QGP evolution. We study the evolution of...
At large hadron collider energies, a remarkable similarity has been observed in particle production mechanisms between large and small collision systems. In particular, the enhancement in baryon-over-meson ratios at intermediate transverse momentum and/or relative enhancement in production of particles with higher strangeness content at large multiplicities indicates that it may be possible...
In this work, we extend the JETSCAPE framework to investigate the dependence of the jet nuclear modification factor, ${R_{AA}}$, on the jet radius parameter ($R$) for larger jet cones with radii up to $R = 1.0$. The study primarily aims to explore high-${p_{T}}$ inclusive jets, reaching up to 1 TeV, to analyze quenching effects within the quark-gluon plasma created in the most-central (0-10\%)...
Heavy flavors (charm and beauty) are created via initial hard scatterings in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The study of thermalization of heavy flavors in the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is one of the major physics goals of the upcoming heavy-ion experimental programs. Azimuthal angular correlations ($\Delta\varphi$) of open heavy flavour species are expected to be influenced by the...
Recent advances in the field of open heavy-flavour physics have provided profound insights into the behavior of heavy quarks (charm and beauty) in extreme conditions of matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been at the forefront of these studies, offering precision measurements and groundbreaking results that shed light...
Understanding the temperature dependence of the viscosity-to-entropy ratio (ฮท/s) is essential for characterizing the properties of the matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. Low-pโฅ theory and data are, however, weakly sensitive to the commonly assumed forms of the temperature dependence of ฮท/s, especially at high temperatures. To address this, we use...
Heavy quarks are formed in the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions and hence carry comprehensive information about the entire evolution of the initial non-equilibrium glasma phase to a quark-gluon plasma phase, its subsequent hydrodynamic evolution and hadronization at later stages. One of the quantities of interest to model this evolution and to compare with experimental observations is...
In off-central heavy ion collisions (HIC), the initial orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the colliding heavy nuclei can be transferred to the participants and subsequently to the nuclear medium formed. This finite OAM can lead the system to rotate with some finite angular velocity. The transport properties, like electrical conductivity, viscosities, thermal conductivity, heavy meson diffusion,...
Jets are well-established tools for studying the properties of the QGP. In this talk, we present a new measurement of jet substructure modification using the observable $\Delta j$, which characterizes the distance between two types of jet axes constructed from the same jet constituents. We use E-scheme and WTA axes, which have different sensitivities to soft and semi-hard medium-induced...
Heavy flavors (charm and beauty) are created via initial hard scatterings in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Their early production allows them to experience the entire evolution of the collision. Azimuthal angular correlations of open heavy flavor hadrons with charged particles is an excellent tool to investigate different stages of heavy-ion collisions, as it is sensitive to various...
