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Description
Phase error is a critical indicator of the performance of undulator magnetic fields, directly determining the quality of the radiated light. The rigidity and deformation of the upper and lower girders have a direct impact on the magnitude of phase error, and this deformation is primarily caused by the interaction forces between the magnets. These interaction forces generate mechanical stress, leading to the deformation of the girders. Currently, the permanent magnet system of the undulator for the hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility under construction has completed the testing and acceptance of two undulator prototypes. The deformation monitoring system, based on capacitive sensors and laser displacement meters, is capable of achieving a measurement precision of 1 micron in the SHINE undulator girder deformation detection, playing an active role in the development and acceptance process. This paper presents an introduction to the mechanical structure of the SHINE undulator, its deformation monitoring system, and the test results.
