Congresso FIS&GEO 2026

Apr 9, 2026, 8:10 AM → Apr 10, 2026, 8:00 PM Europe/Zurich

Giovedì 9 Aprile 

Linee di Ricerca 2026: prospettive e sinergie tra Fisica e Geologia

La giornata inaugurale del congresso è dedicata alla presentazione delle principali linee di ricerca sviluppate nel Dipartimento, con particolare attenzione alle interazioni tra Fisica e Geologia. I gruppi di lavoro illustreranno progetti, risultati e direzioni future, evidenziando metodi innovativi e opportunità di collaborazione interdisciplinare. Un’occasione per condividere competenze, rafforzare sinergie e delineare le prospettive scientifiche per il 2026.

 

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Venerdì 10 Aprile 

Super-C Day, 10 Apr 2026

Venerdì 10 Aprile, sarà una giornata dedicata alla celebrazione del Dipartimento di Eccellenza, divisa in due parti:

• Mattino e primo pomeriggio, presso l'aula A del dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia: verranno presentati i progetti coinvolti nel Dipartimento di Eccellenza.
• Alle 17:00, evento per il pubblico con due ospiti che parleranno di Spazio:
  • Licia Troisi, Astrofisica e scrittrice
  • Nicolò Mari, Geologo Planetario

 

SUPER-C, Space and Universe Perugia Research Cluster, è il progetto di sviluppo grazie al quale il Dipartimento di Fisica e Geolgia di Perugia è stato qualificato dal MUR tra i primi 8 Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Italiani nella rispettiva area scientifico disciplinare.Obiettivi di SUPER-C: sviluppo tecnologico di nuovi esperimenti spaziali, osservazione dei diversi messaggeri dell’Universo, esplorazione planetaria.

 

Thu, April 9

Saluti iniziali

Convener: Alessandro Paciaroni

GEO: Mineralogy, Petrology, Geochemistry and Volcanology

1 Il contributo della mineralogia alla riduzione del fabbisogno di materie prime: cementi avanzati e sottoprodotti industriali riqualificati / The contribution of mineralogy to reducing raw material demand: advanced cements and upcycled industrial by-products

La riduzione del fabbisogno di materie prime e l'estensione del ciclo di vita nel settore dei leganti idraulici rappresentano una sfida centrale per la sostenibilità dell’industria del cemento. La mineralogia si configura come uno strumento analitico fondamentale per valutare la reattività di sottoprodotti industriali e nano additivi funzionali in sistemi cementizi. Alcuni sottoprodotti industriali mostrano reattività pozzolanica o idraulica attivabile in sostituzione parziale del cemento, con formazione di fasi idratate che conferiscono le adeguate resistenze e proprietà meccaniche. Parallelamente, l’impiego di nanomateriali selezionati permette di modulare la cinetica di idratazione precoce e incrementare la capacità di fissazione di ioni aggressivi, migliorando così la durabilità dell’impasto cementizio. L'approccio mineralogico integrato consente così di ottimizzare lo sviluppo di leganti a basso impatto ambientale, migliorandone le prestazioni e valorizzando risorse secondarie altrimenti destinate allo smaltimento.

Speaker: Maximiliano Fastelli

2 Data-Driven Insights from Multiple Tephra Archives: A Case Study from Melbourne Volcano, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Reconstructing the eruptive history of Antarctic volcanoes is particularly challenging due to extensive ice cover, limited outcrop exposure, and logistical constraints. In this study, we investigate three englacial tephra layers (DPT 1, DPT 2, and DPT 3) preserved within an ice sequence at 2581 m a.s.l. on the southwestern flank of Mount Melbourne (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). A comprehensive approach combining field observations, textural analyses and detailed geochemical characterization of volcanic glass shards was integrated with multivariate statistical methods, including hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE).
The results reveal that the investigated tephra layers originate from Mount Melbourne volcano and represent three distinct and previously unrecognized explosive eruptions. Evidences indicates that DPT 1 corresponds to the most energetic, possibly Subplinian event, whereas DPT 2 and DPT 3 record less intense eruptive phases occurring in close succession. Statistical analysis highlights subtle yet significant compositional differences, allowing identification of distinct geochemical clusters and improving correlation with existing datasets.
Although precise dating remains uncertain, stratigraphic constraints suggest a recent, potentially historical age for these eruptions. This study demonstrates the critical role of englacial tephra archives in preserving otherwise inaccessible volcanic records and highlights the effectiveness of integrating geochemical fingerprinting with advanced statistical methods to resolve complex compositional relationships. The proposed approach provides a robust framework for refining eruptive histories and contributes to improving volcanic hazard assessment in remote, ice-covered volcanic regions.

Speaker: Giulia Fisauli

3 Geological CO2 degassing: how to quantify the breath of Earth

Over the last century, increasing attention has been devoted to the study of processes involving the release and the capture of CO2, the primary driver of climate change. On geological timescales, the long-term carbon cycle has controlled the level of atmospheric CO2 through the balance between CO2 consumed by chemical weathering and CO2 released by active volcanoes and tectonically active regions. Quantifying these geological CO2 emissions is essential to better constrain the natural baseline of non-anthropogenic CO2 outgassing and to improve models of the global carbon cycle and climate. The quantification of CO2 emissions is also crucial for volcanic monitoring and geothermal prospections. Furthermore, a correlation between CO2 emissions and seismicity has been recently revealed. Here, we present an overview of approaches and methodologies to quantify CO2 fluxes at different spatial scale and geological settings.

Speaker: Lisa Ricci

4 Mineral Carbonation and Sustainability: Integration of natural and artificial strategies for carbon utilization and storage

Mineral carbonation strategies represent one of the main mitigation options to limit CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, reduce the carbon footprint of various industrial processes, and help counteract the effects of the ongoing climate crisis. Carbon mineralization allows for the fixation of CO2 into carbonate minerals within geological formations or its conversion into valuable products as part of low-carbon productive cycles and efforts to promote more sustainable industrial operations. The development of effective mineral storage methods is supported by the study of natural analogues but requires accurate determination of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters to enhance the performance of the geochemical processes that control both the in-situ and ex-situ CO2 sequestration capacity. We will show how our recent research activity and experimental approach helped quantifying the rates of relevant geochemical reactions, identifying optimum conditions for the deployment of CO2 sequestration methods within geological formations and providing chemical-isotopic tools to monitor the temporal and spatial progress of the carbonation reactions. Drawing on in-depth knowledge of natural processes, current research work is also aimed at optimizing accelerated CO2 mineralization reactions of various waste materials to generate carbonated products capable of permanently storing CO2, while ensuring environmentally friendly and energy-efficient processes. The obtained know-how will be transferred to developing cost-effective methods to convert waste materials into a variety of C-rich end-products that are of economic interest for a wide range of applications.

Speaker: Giuseppe Saldi

GEO: Solid Earth Geophysics, Applied Geophysics

5 Inside the Earth / Geofisica della Terra solida @FisGeo

Paolo Mancinelli and Cristina Pauselli

Abstract
In this presentation we briefly summarize the research activities of the Solid Earth Geophysics (GEOS-04/A) group in the last three years. Moving from sample petrophysics to crustal-scale modelling, we will show few examples of the most recent developments in the research fields of the group. In particular, we are active in the thermal characterization of the upper crust through two distinct research lines which are carried out also with in-house instrumentation: the thermal conductivity measurement of soils and rock samples and borehole temperature data acquisition. We work also in the crustal-scale investigation of gravity and magnetic anomaly sources through acquisition, processing and multi-scale modelling of such data throughout the Italian peninsula and surroundings. We also investigate the effects of gravity changes on mantle convection, entropy and mixing. Finally, in the frame of the energetic transition, we focus our research interest also on the long-term and time-proof geophysical monitoring of geological storage sites for pollutants and alternative fuels. All these activities are carried out through ongoing collaborations with national and international research

Speaker: Paolo Mancinelli

6 Applied Geophysics research @ UniPg: Methods and Applications

The contribution presents the main research lines and applications in the field of applied geophysics (GEOS‑04/B) currently developed in our department. After a brief introduction to the methods employed and the geophysical instrumentation available, several short highlights of ongoing activities will be presented. These include earthquake geology and seismotectonic studies related to recent seismic sequences of the Apennines and Adriatic area, based on reprocessing and 3D subsurface modelling using active‑source seismic reflection data and deep well information. Recent geophysical investigations of subsurface geology in Quaternary basins through microtremor measurements (passive seismic) will also be shown. Examples of studies for imaging of Quaternary faults using high‑resolution Ground Penetrating Radar will be finally illustrated, highlighting the versatility of this technique together with other non‑invasive diagnostic techniques in ongoing applications to structural engineering problems and to the conservation of cultural heritages.

Il contributo presenta le principali linee di ricerca e applicazioni per il settore della geofisica applicata (GEOS-04/B) nel nostro dipartimento. Dopo una breve introduzione sui metodi usati e sulle strumentazioni geofisiche disponibili, verranno illustrate alcune pillole sulle attività in corso, che spaziano da studi di geologia dei terremoti e sismotettonica, legati a sequenze sismiche recenti in Appennino ed in Adriatico, basati su reprocessing e modellazione tridimensionale di sottosuolo mediante dati di sismica a riflessione (attiva) e dati di pozzi profondi. Saranno inoltre presentati recenti studi di geologia di sottosuolo in bacini quaternari tramite misure di microtremori (sismica passiva). Infine, verranno illustrati esempi di imaging con Ground Penetrating Radar ad alta risoluzione di faglie quaternarie, strumento molto versatile utilizzato in combinazione con altre tecniche di diagnostica non invasiva in ambito ingegneristico-strutturale e nella conservazione dei beni culturali.

Speaker: Maurizio Ercoli

10:45 AM coffee break

FIS: INFN

7 INFN

Speaker: Patrizia Cenci

Sezione_INFN_PG 2026.pdf

FIS: Teorica

8 Topological phases of matter and their investigation with quantum technologies

Speaker: Maria Cristina Diamantini

07_perugia2026Diamantini.pdf

07_perugia2026Diamantini.pptx

9 Fisica oltre il Modello Standard - Modelli Compositi e Modelli di materia Oscura a canale-t, Teorie di Campo Efficaci

Speaker: Orlando Panella

10 Exploring the structure of bound nucleons in light nuclei via double parton scattering

Speaker: Matteo Rinaldi

08_Fisica_ Nucleare_RINALDI.pdf

11 Hadronic Physics @ BESIII Where Theory

Speaker: Francesco Rosini

FIS: Particelle

12 LHC e FCC: presente e futuro della fisica delle particelle

L’esperimento CMS al Large Hadron Collider rappresenta l’avanguardia nello studio della fisica delle alte energie.
Attraverso l’analisi delle collisioni protone-protone a energie senza precedenti, CMS consente di investigare la struttura fondamentale della materia
e di testare con grande precisione le previsioni del Modello Standard.

Il gruppo CMS di Perugia è coinvolto in diversi aspetti della collaborazione: dalla costruzione del rivelatore per l’upgrade ad alta luminosità,
all’analisi dei dati su un ampio spettro di fenomeni della fisica delle alte energie, fino allo sviluppo di strumenti di calcolo innovativi.

Guardando oltre, il CERN si propone di ospitare il successore di LHC: il Future Circular Collider.
Dalla fase elettromagnetica a quella adronica, FCC dovrebbe caratterizzare il panorama della fisica delle alte energie fino alla fine del secolo.

Speaker: valentina mariani

10_Mariani_Congressino2026.pdf

13 Exploring the intensity frontier: the Belle II experiment

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider in Japan is designed to explore the "beauty" sector of particle physics with unprecedented precision.
Thanks to the world-record collision rate delivered by SuperKEKB, the experiment is accumulating a growing dataset, superseding the previous B-factory experiments. The clean kinematics of electron-positron collisions, combined with the excellent performance of the Belle II detector in reconstructing both charged and neutral particles, allow for precision measurements of rare decays involving beauty quarks, which are powerful probes for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Speaker: Stefano Moneta

11_moneta_belle2_fisgeo.pdf

14 Flavour physics at CERN: the LHCb and NA62 experiments

Flavour physics studies rare processes and symmetry violations in the decays of quarks and leptons, providing precise tests of the Standard Model and sensitivity to possible new physics. At CERN, this program is pursued by the LHCb and NA62 experiments. LHCb investigates decays of beauty and charm hadrons produced in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, while NA62 studies rare decays of charged kaons produced in a high-intensity secondary hadron beam.

The Perugia group contributes to both experiments through data analysis and detector development. The group is involved in studies of rare decay channels and precision measurements, and plays an active role in the LHCb Upgrade II program, which aims to improve detector performance and extend the physics reach of the experiment at higher luminosity.

Speaker: Lisa Fantini

FIS: Fisica Medica

15 Dai rivelatori per dosimetria all’imaging multimodale: approcci innovativi per applicazioni mediche

La fisica medica richiede oggi tecnologie sempre più avanzate per rispondere alla crescente complessità delle applicazioni cliniche, sia nell’ambito della dosimetria sia in quello dell’imaging. In questo contributo verranno presentate alcune attività di ricerca su dispositivi e metodologie innovative per applicazioni mediche. In particolare, saranno discussi rivelatori 3D in diamante per la dosimetria di piccoli campi, rivelatori basati su silicio amorfo idrogenato per applicazioni nella FLASH radiotherapy e sensori d’immagine CMOS per il monitoraggio dosimetrico del personale medico. Saranno inoltre presentati sviluppi nel campo dell’imaging multimodale, con particolare attenzione a tecniche di riduzione e coregistrazione di immagini provenienti da diverse modalità. Il contributo presenterà alcune linee di ricerca innovative in fisica medica, evidenziandone la rilevanza per lo sviluppo di applicazioni dosimetriche e di imaging in ambito medico.

Speaker: Keida Kanxheri

13_Kanxheri_fisica_medica.pdf

1:00 PM Lunch Break

GEO: Physical Geography and Geomorphology, Applied Geology

16 Interpret the landscape by integrating geomorphological analyses and territorial data into a GIS environment.

We explore the role of integrated geomorphological analysis and spatial data within GIS environments for a comprehensive interpretation of landscape dynamics. By combining traditional geomorphological methods with advanced geospatial technologies, it is possible to move beyond descriptive approaches and develop multi-layered, data-driven readings of territorial systems.
The presentation highlights how different datasets - such as digital elevation models (DEMs), remote sensing, historical cartography, geological maps, geomorphological maps and subsurface data - can be harmonized within a GIS framework to support the identification and analysis of landforms, surface processes, and landscape evolution. Particular attention is given to methodological workflows that enable the integration of qualitative field observations with quantitative spatial analysis.
Through selected case studies, this contribution demonstrates how GIS-based approaches facilitate the detection of geomorphological features, the assessment of landscape changes over time, and the evaluation of natural and anthropogenic processes shaping the landscape. These integrated analyses also provide valuable insights for risk assessment, land planning, and environmental management.

Speaker: Fabio Silvani

17 Catchment-scale runoff generation thresholds: an integrated approach for Flash Flood Guidance

Sofia Ortenzi1,2, Lucio Di Matteo2, Corrado Cencetti2, and Christian Massari1
1 Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council of Italy
2 Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia

Understanding the thresholds for surface runoff generation is a complex task with important implications for flood forecasting, flash flood guidance, and soil erosion assessment. While several studies have identified threshold behaviour at the plot or small catchment scale, extending these approaches to larger basins remains challenging mainly due to the limited availability of soil moisture observations and the difficulty in consistently identifying rainfall–runoff events. In this study, a transferable procedure for identifying runoff generation thresholds at the catchment scale, integrating satellite-derived soil moisture data, is developed. The method is applied to six Italian catchments using SMAP L4 soil moisture data to derive the Antecedent Soil Moisture Index (ASI). Results show that while rainfall alone is insufficient to define runoff thresholds, combining rainfall depth with antecedent soil moisture conditions (ASI+P) reveals a clear threshold behaviour characterized by a nonlinear “hockey-stick” relationship, highlighting the key role of pre-event wetness conditions in controlling runoff generation. The proposed framework provides a consistent approach to analyse runoff generation processes at the basin scale and demonstrates the potential of satellite soil moisture data for improving flash flood guidance. Some questions remain open regarding the generality of the proposed empirical approach. In particular, it is still unclear which physical factors exert the strongest control on threshold behaviour and how these thresholds vary under different meteo-climatic conditions. Addressing these questions requires extending the analysis across a wider range of environmental settings. Future research will therefore focus on investigating runoff generation processes across European catchments to improve the understanding of the key controls governing runoff thresholds.

Speakers: Christian Massari, Corrado Cencetti, Lucio Di Matteo, sofia ortenzi

18 Landslide Dams: The LANDAM Project

The LANDAM (LANdslide DAMs) Project addresses the phenomenon of interference between slope landslides and riverbed dynamics, which frequently leads to the complete damming of the valley and the consequent formation of a natural reservoir. This phenomenon is often underestimated, so much so that current land-use planning tools (Hydrogeological Asset Plans – Piani di Assetto Idrogeologico - PAI) separately consider the risk deriving from landslides and that due to the possibility of flooding following extreme weather events. In practice, in the case of landslide dams, the consequences, in terms of hydraulic risk, of the possibility of the collapse of the natural dam and the formation of an anomalous flood wave in the downstream section, caused by the sudden emptying of the lake, are not assessed. The Project addressed two main issues. The first involves characterizing the phenomenon, proposing a new classification of landslide dams. This classification, unlike existing classifications in the literature, recognizes the river system's important role in the likelihood and evolution of the phenomenon. For each type of landslide dam, several significant parameters were assessed to define the most appropriate interventions aimed at the risk mitigation, both in the emergency and post-event phases. The second issue involves defining a method for forecasting the phenomenon, with the development of landslide dam susceptibility maps that, at the basin scale, identify the sections of the hydrographic network most likely to be affected by potential damming. The development of intervention guidelines for stakeholders, especially Civil Protection operators, represents one of the most important deliverables of the LANDAM Project.

Speaker: Corrado Cencetti

GEO: Paleontology and Paleoecology, Stratigraphic Geology and Sedimentology, Structural Geology and Tectonics

19 Dal plancton ai mammut: proxy paleontologici per le ricostruzioni paleoambientali / From plankton to mammoths: paleontological proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions

Paleontology is the branch of Natural Sciences that aims at reconstructing the history of life on Earth through the study of fossils. Working in collaboration with other geosciences in a multidisciplinary perspective, paleontology can provide crucial information on paleobiology (what can we say about the form, function, and diversity of extinct organisms?), biostratigraphy (how can we use fossils as chronological markers to date stratigraphic successions?), and paleoenvironmental issues (what can fossils tell us about past ecosystems and climates?). The Department’s paleontology group addresses all of these topics in its research, with projects ranging from marine to continental settings, across a wide range of stratigraphic intervals, and in many parts of the world.

Speaker: Marco Cherin

20 Magma-poor rifted margins: current insights and future perspectives Alessandro Decarlis

Research on magma-poor rifted margins provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms by which continents extend and eventually break apart without significant magmatic activity. Their geological record, either observed at “fossil margins” preserved in mountain belts, or in modern examples using geophysical techniques and drilling, captures the unique complexity of the extreme thinning of the continental lithosphere. The specific architecture of these margins is characterized by hyperextension, driven by low-angle detachment faults and exhumation of upper-mantle rocks at the seafloor. From an applied perspective, magma-poor rifted margins have become increasingly important for carbon-neutral studies and strategies. The associated basins, characterized by elevated heat flow, unique sedimentary rock successions, and peculiar hydrothermal activity, are key to identifying new potential CO2 storage sites, understanding high-enthalpy geothermal applications, and potential sources of strategic minerals. In addition, the exhumed domain hosts natural hydrogen generation through the serpentinization process. These features make the study magma-poor margin extremely valuable both for academic research and sustainable resources exploration.

Speaker: Alessandro Decarlis

21 The contribution of structural geology and tectonics to seismic hazard and seismotectonics using subsurface, surface and remote sensing data

Earthquakes are sudden releases of energy occurring at several
kilometers of depth in the subsurface. Their duration is commonly in the
order of seconds or few minutes. On the other hand, structural geology
and tectonics traditionally investigate the Earth's history in terms of
deformation over long time-scales in the order of several hundred
thousand of years, millions of years or more.
Earthquake however occur on faults which are geological structures that
are repeatedly activated on geological time-scales.
This contribution focuses on the different methods and approaches both
at surface, in the subsurface and from remote, that can be used to
bridge the time-gap occurring between long-term observable geological
features and earthquakes and how we can use the geological record of
deformation to contribute to seismic hazard.

Speaker: Francesco Mirabella

22 Fracture Evolution and Reactivation in Carbonate Anticlines: Evidence from Virtual Outcrop Models in the Umbria-Marche Apennines (central Italy) / Evoluzione e riattivazione delle fratture nelle anticlinali carbonatiche: evidenze da modelli virtuali di affioramento nell’Appennino umbro-marchigiano

This study investigates the multiscale fracture network of a representative fractured anticline located in the Umbria–Marche Apennines (i.e., the Gubbio Anticline) to determine the structural controls on porosity, permeability, and fluid flow in tight pelagic carbonates.
Fracture characterization was performed across the Maiolica, Scaglia Bianca, and Scaglia Rossa formations using scanlines integrated with UAV-derived Virtual Outcrop Models (VOMs) and stochastic Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) simulations. The resulting fracture architecture comprises cross, longitudinal, and shear joints that formed during the early stages of fold growth, prior to layer tilting, and were later modified by fluid-assisted reactivation. Fracture continuity increases systematically in the outcrops toward the Quaternary Gubbio Fault, transitioning from stratabound geometries in the Maiolica Fm. to multi-layer, vertically extensive fractures in the Scaglia Bianca and Scaglia Rossa formations. The presence of calcite veins on the main fault plane and in the footwall of the Gubbio fault (up to at least 500 m from the fault) indicates fluid circulation affecting a zone broader than the main fault plane, likely characterized by an expanded fracture network.
VOM analyses match field-derived orientations and proportions of fracture sets, confirming the effectiveness of UAV-based photogrammetry for characterizing fracture patterns in complex fold structures. DFN simulations, constrained by field statistics, yield fracture porosity values between 0.1 and 2.7% and predict a highly fracture-controlled permeability, with values reaching 690 mD, although bedding surfaces locally play a key role in flow distribution.
Overall, the results demonstrate that secondary porosity and permeability in these tight carbonates are driven primarily by fracture geometry, connectivity, and reactivation rather than matrix properties. The integrated methodology provides a robust framework for structural and petrophysical characterization of fractured carbonate anticlines and offers valuable constraints for evaluating their suitability as geological storage reservoirs, including applications in geothermal energy exploitation and CO2 sequestration.

Speaker: Marco Urbani

FIS: Vitality

Convener: Luca Gammaitoni

23 Vitality

Speaker: Prof. Luca Gammaitoni

FIS: CNR

24 Overview of CNR-IOM Research Activities

Speaker: Silvia Tacchi

22_CNR_Tacchi.pdf

22_CNR_Tacchi.pptx

FIS: Materia

25 From Biomolecules to Biomaterials: Experimental and Computational Physics Approaches to Biophysical Structure, Dynamics, and Function

Understanding biological systems at the molecular and mesoscopic scale requires the combined power of advanced experimental techniques and computational modelling. A special example is the G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structure formed at human telomeres, which is a promising target for antitumoral drug design. A combined experimental and computational approach has been used to investigate the conformational changes in multimeric human telomeric G4s induced by small-molecule ligands, focusing on how inter-unit stacking geometry and thermal stability are modulated by ligand binding. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides low-resolution structural envelopes of the multimeric assemblies in solution, circular dichroism (CD) reports on topology and thermal unfolding, and coarse-grained molecular simulations offer dynamic insight into the conformational landscape at timescales inaccessible to atomistic approaches. Together, these techniques paint a coherent picture of how ligands reshape G4 multimerisation, with implications for the rational design of telomere-targeting therapeutics.
Three further research lines will be also outlined, in which we apply physical methods to biological questions: the study of proteome dynamics near cell death in extremophilic bacteria via neutron scattering and multiscale molecular dynamics; the structural characterisation of lipid membranes by neutron reflectometry and its connection to cell membrane behaviour; and the multimodal analysis of bioinspired materials through digital microscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. All of these lines are supported by the in-house development of dedicated neutron spectroscopy instrumentation, which enables access to length and time scales of direct biological relevance.

Speaker: Alessandro Paciaroni

26 Energy harvesting e ICT

Speaker: Francesco Cottone

27 Nanoscienze

The study of low-dimensional materials—such as thin films, multilayers, and nanostructures—has become increasingly important in science and technology. Reducing a material’s dimensionality often leads to the emergence of new physical properties that are not present in its bulk form, making low-dimensional systems highly attractive for applications in electronics, energy storage, and quantum technologies.

In this seminar, we will review the experimental research lines that are active within our department mainly concerning either surface physics or nanomagnetism, aiming at engineering materials at the atomic or nanometer scale and achieving precise control over their structure and functionality. These activities are hosted in two multidisciplinary laboratories, that represent a joint effort between Dip-FISGEO and CNR-IOM.

The surface physics lab is centered on two versatile chambers in ultra-high-vacuum, where ultrathin films can be carefully deposited and then analysed using a variety of in-situ techniques, such as electron photoemission spectroscopy, inverse photoemission, electron diffraction, Auger effect, as well as UV and X-ray spectroscopy. We will summarize recent results concerning organic semiconductors, phosphorene, and amorphous thin films.

The nanomagnetism lab I essentially based on the exploitation of the Brillouin light scattering technique to investigate magnetic nanomaterials revealing spin waves in either wavevector- resolved or spatially-resolved options. Examples of recent applications to the analysis of the dynamic modes and the band structure of magnonic materials will be reviewed. In addition, the BLS technique can be exploited also to reveal phonons in thin films and this can be very important, for instance, to elastically characterize thin coatings exploited in different applications.

Speaker: Giovani Carlotti

28 Soft matter

Soft matter physics is a branch of condensed matter physics that investigates materials that are easily deformable and structured at length scales intermediate between the atomic and macroscopic. Representative examples include colloids, polymers, hydrogels, and biological systems. Within this broad field, this contribution focuses on three research directions: (i) the development of innovative strategies for plastic depolymerization, (ii) the advancement of micro spectroscopic techniques and iii) their application to mechanobiology.

i) Plastics are indispensable to modern society due to their cost-effectiveness and durability, yet their accumulation poses a major environmental threat. Current recycling is mainly mechanical, degrading material properties and limiting reuse. One research line (PI: S. Corezzi) focuses on sustainable chemical recycling, developing economically and environmentally sustainable procedures to depolymerize plastics into monomers for reprocessing into virgin-quality materials. These procedures also enable the valorization of industrial plastic waste into high-value nanocomposites, ensuring full material recovery within a circular economy framework.

ii) The advancement of light-based technologies is pivotal for the investigation of complex and microstructured materials. This topic encompasses the modelling of light–matter interactions (PI: M.Mattarelli), as well as the design and optimization of innovative experimental apparatuses (PI: F.Bonacci). Furthermore, it includes the development of innovative optical methods aimed at improving resolution, speed and the capability to probe materials at multiple spatial and temporal scales.

iii) The Brillouin-Raman micro spectroscopy (BRMS) integrates within a single optical platform Raman spectrometer and Brillouin interferometer, enabling simultaneous mechanical and chemical characterization at the microscale. This dual-modality approach provides comprehensive insights into material behaviour, bridging viscoelastic properties with molecular composition in a non-contact, label-free manner. Its versatility across a broad range of sample types, established BRMS as a powerful tool for fundamental investigations in soft matter physics (PI: M.Mattarelli) as well as in translational biomedical applications (PI: S. Caponi).

Speaker: Daniele Fioretto

AperiPoster

29 A new detailed morphostructural map of the Monte Marsicano normal fault in the Central Apennines of Italy: implications for seismic hazard

The central Apennines represent one of the most seismically hazardous regions of the Mediterranean basin, within a post-collisional extensional tectonic framework characterized by a complex network of active faults. In this context, the Monte Marsicano Fault (Upper Sangro Valley, Abruzzo) represents one of the least characterized active structures of the Apennine chain, despite its proximity to populated areas and major tourist attractions within the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park.
The Upper Sangro Valley fault system has previously been interpreted as a NW–SE-oriented active fault system characterized by complex kinematics, including left-lateral strike-slip along the valley margins and normal faulting within the basin (Galadini et al., 1991, 1993, 1998). Quantitative studies have estimated slip rates ranging between 0.14 and 0.83 mm/yr (Roberts & Michetti, 2004; Papanikolaou et al., 2005; Cowie et al., 2017; Carafa et al., 2020).
This study aims to map and characterize the Monte Marsicano Fault in terms of geometry, segmentation, kinematics, and evidence of recent activity through the integration of morphotectonic analysis and structural field observations. A high-resolution (20 cm) LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Model was used to extract serial topographic profiles, slope and local relief maps, and fluvial network analyses. These datasets were integrated with detailed field observations, including outcrops, fault planes, kinematic indicators, and geomorphological features, and synthesized into a detailed morphostructural map. The mapped lithostratigraphic units were derived from and slightly modified after the Geological Map of Italy at a 1:50,000 scale, Sheet 378 “Scanno”, ISPRA (Servizio Geologico d’Italia, 2014).
Results document a fault system characterized by extensive scarps developed in carbonate bedrock, displaced valleys and landforms, and the offset of Pliocene–Pleistocene continental deposits. Morpho-structural evidence indicates predominantly dip-slip kinematics, with minor localized oblique components related to fault geometry, contrasting with previous interpretations suggesting a strike-slip role. Although the fault appears active and extensional, during the Quaternary, strong scarp erosion and the absence of numerical dating currently prevent reliable slip-rate estimates. The new mapping refines the local stratigraphic and structural framework and highlights the need for integrated geochronological and geophysical studies to better constrain deformation rates and the recent seismic history of the Monte Marsicano Fault.

Speaker: Dr Michela Gigante (Università degli Studi di Perugia)

30 a-Si:H as detector material: a novel combined spectroscopic study of devices for medical and space applications

The interplay between optoelectronic characteristics and electrical behaviour is complex and requires detailed exploration. In this context, spectroscopic techniques are a valuable tool for gaining a better understanding of real devices, particularly for checking the effects of ageing, use, environment, damage and irradiation.
The HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Pixels Detectors) project at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) focuses on developing thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) detectors on flexible substrates for use in medical and space applications, as well as for beam monitoring and neutron detection. This leverages the superior radiation hardness of a-Si:H in harsh environments. a-Si:H is a well-established detector material, valued for its strong resistance to radiation damage. This is due to its disordered atomic network, which is stabilised by hydrogen passivation of dangling bonds. This suppresses deep defect states and enables stable operation under high particle fluences, outperforming crystalline silicon alternatives. This material has a wide bandgap ranging from 1.7 to 2.0 eV, as well as moderate electron and hole mobilities.
In this study, we examine the relationship between the optoelectronic properties and electrical behaviour of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) devices [1]. This is important because the performance of the detectors is highly influenced by the microscopic structure of the materials used in the active layer. To address this issue, we employed an interdisciplinary approach to cross-validate findings and improve our understanding of the structural and electronic properties of a-Si:H.
We used high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy, inverse photoemission, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for the precise identification of the electronic structure and morphology of the devices in relation to the measured transport gap. We found that a higher degree of polyhydride bonds (SiH₂, SiH₃) leads to a higher gap, which is detrimental to device sensitivity.
Moreover, our multi-disciplinary approach enables us to clarify how the performance of the device is refreshed through annealing after neutron irradiation [2].

1. F. Peverini et al. “High-Resolution Photoemission Study of Neutron-Induced Defects in Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Devices”, Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3466; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193466
2. F. Peverini et al., “Mobility Gaps of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Related to Hydrogen Concentration and Its Influence on Electrical Performance”, Nanomaterials 2024, 14(19), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14191551

Speaker: Dr Benedetta Gianfelici (UNIPG)

31 Brillouin Light Scattering study of magnetic nanostructures prepared by Direct Laser Writing

Direct Laser Writing (DLW) is a novel nanofabrication technique designed to overcome the challenges of conventional lithographic techniques. In this work, the dynamics of spin-waves (SWs) in magnetic nanostructures prepared by DLW in two different materials are presented. First, a 1μm-thick Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) film, uniformly irradiated with different laser powers, was investigated. By means of micro-focused Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) measurements in Damon-Eshbach (DE) configuration, and micromagnetic simulations, it was inferred that DLW causes a giant enhancement of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) reaching a value of $6.0 kJ⁄m^3$ , meanwhile preserving crystalline quality. This induces a modification of the spatial profiles of the SW modes and the appearance of new ones localized in the top irradiated regions of the film. Furthermore, a proof-of-principle of DLW as a viable nanofabrication technique for Magnonic Crystals on YIG was established by investigating a 2D-Anti-Dot lattice of circular 27.5mW-irradiated dots. Then, we present the study of spin-textures prepared by DLW in a Ta/Pt/Co/NiFe/IrMn/Pt multilayer. By means of wave-vector resolved BLS, a hexagonal skyrmion lattice, written with 7.6mW-laser power and a period of 1μm, was investigated in DE configuration as a function of the in-plane magnetic field $H_{in}$. In both the Stokes and Anti-Stokes sides of the BLS spectra, a single peak was detected, whose frequency increased with $H_{in}$. Through micromagnetic simulations, this peak was correlated to the breathing mode of the skyrmions. This approach in metallic multilayers allows the creation of complex structures of spin textures, in view of applications in magnonics and for information and communication technologies.

Speaker: Luca Ciaccarini Mavilla

32 Brillouin-Raman Spectroscopy for the chemo-mechanical characterization of biological samples

Spectroscopic techniques offer important advantages when it comes to the analysis of biological samples, particularly due to their contact-free and label-free nature, allowing extraction of sample information without interference with sample viability. Here we present the combined Raman and Brillouin spectroscopic acquisition system developed in our Lab [1]. Raman Spectroscopy is a well-established technique able to extract information about the chemical properties of the sample by investigating its molecular vibrations. On the other hand, Brillouin spectroscopy investigates the sample’s mechanical properties by measuring the spontaneous acoustic waves propagating inside the material. Traditionally, Brillouin spectroscopy was applied to investigate homogeneous samples. However, in recent years, technological advances allowed to couple confocal microscopes to Brillouin spectrometers, achieving higher spatial resolutions. Enabling the mechanical characterisation of single living cells and tissues, BLS is becoming an emerging technique in mechanobiology [2]. This instrument has proven its effectiveness across a broad spectrum of applications. Here, relevant results acquired on biomedical samples will be presented, highlighting the capability of the technique to be sensitive to the modification of the chemo-mechanical properties induced by genetic modifications, drug treatments or disease progression [3-4].

References:
[1] Scarponi F. et al. (2017). High-Performance Versatile Setup for Simultaneous Brillouin-Raman Microspectroscopy. Physical Review X 7, 031015. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031015
[2] Bouvet P. et al. (2025). Consensus statement on Brillouin light scattering microscopy of biological materials, Nature Photonics volume 19, 681–691. doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01681-6
[3] Passeri A. A. et al (2024). Beyond Water Content: Unraveling Stiffness in Hydrated Materials by a Correlative Brillouin–Raman Approach, ACS Photonics 2025 12 (7), 3794-3802. doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00808
[4] Makkieh M. et al. (2025). Brillouin Microscopy of Breast tumor Spheroids On-a-Chip: Mechanical and Transcriptional Responses to Microfluidic-Induced Rapid Deformations, Advanced Science13, 4, e13153. doi.org/10.1002/advs.202513153

Speaker: Alessandra Anna Passeri (Università degli Studi di Perugia)

33 Charged black-hole binary evolution at second post-Newtonian order

We study the dynamics of electrically charged black-hole binaries and their gravitational-wave emission during the inspiral phase. Within the post-Newtonian framework, we derive the conservative and dissipative dynamics up to second order (2PN). We compute the NNLO conservative Lagrangian, LO dissipative effects in harmonic and Lorenz gauges, and provide the equations of motion, center-of-mass transformations, and the
Lagrangian/Hamiltonian in ADM-type coordinates. We also obtain the total energy flux of the system at 2PN accuracy. Specifically, we study both the usual tensor contribution and the new vector contribution associated with the presence of the electromagnetic field.

Speaker: Elisa Grilli

34 Chemical and electronic characterisation of realistic on-surface synthesized conjugated polymers

Semiconducting conjugated polymers (CPs) are widely recognised as key materials in organic electronics due to their tunable chemical structures, cost-effective production methods, robust mechanical properties, and high charge mobility. Among the various synthesis methods, on-surface polymerisation has emerged as a powerful strategy to fabricate well-defined conjugated nanostructures directly under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In particular, Ullmann-type reactions on metallic substrates provide a controlled route to the formation of extended π-conjugated systems [1-3], enabling detailed investigations of the polymerisation process at the molecular scale. In this work we present a comparative investigation of a donor–acceptor polymer belonging to the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) family, synthesized directly on-surface by Ullmann-type reaction. Preliminary scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements of the on-surface polymerised DPP polymer bearing C18 alkyl side chains were obtained to reveal the molecular assembly and the type and density of polymerisation defects. To further investigate the on-surface polymerisation process, we performed photoemission measurements combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) on structurally analogous polymers with shorter side chains (C6 and C3). Fast-XPS measurements as a function of temperature were used to follow the debromination and on-surface polymerisation processes of the brominated precursor transferred on Au(111) by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD), allowing us to track the evolution of the relevant core levels and identify the temperature range associated with the polymerisation reaction. NEXAFS measurements at the C, N and O K-edges provide information on the molecular orientation and backbone conformation of the polymers. Complementary IPES measurements enable the investigation of the unoccupied electronic states and, together with NEXAFS, allow us to probe the electronic structure evolution during the polymerisation process.

References:
1. Cai, J. et al., Nature 2010 466:7305 466, 470–473 (2010).
2. Lafferentz, L. et al., Science (1979) 323, 1193–1197 (2009).
3. Nacci, C. et al., Nature Communications 2015 6:1 6, 1–8 (2015).

Speaker: Mr Carlo Calcatelli (Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy; CNR—Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

35 Cosmic Dust Flux During the Quaternary: The Record of Large Scoriaceous and Unmelted Micrometeorites from the Transantarctic Mountains Collection

Micrometeorites dominate the flux of extraterrestrial material reaching Earth [1]. They are classified into three groups: melted micrometeorites or cosmic spherules, unmelted micrometeorites and partially melted or scoriaceous micrometeorites [2]. We provide an unprecedented estimate of the cosmic dust flux based on the study of rare micrometeorites that retain most of their pristine features during atmospheric entry heating (unmelted and scoriaceaous types). Combining high-precision mass measurements, X-ray computed microtomography and scanning electron microscopy we studied mass, size and petrography of 229 particles recovered from sediment traps in the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), ranging from ~200 to 2800 µm. Their size-frequency distribution is bimodal, with peaks at ~325 µm and ~465 µm. A similar bimodality was previously reported from the melted micrometeorite population from the TAM collection, yet shifted towards lower sizes [3]. This size-shift is consistent with an average mass loss of 85% due to atmospheric entry heating. The size-frequency distribution of fine- and coarse-grained micrometeorites reveals two well-separated clusters, with peaks at ~310 µm and ~540 µm, respectively. These observations suggest that the bimodality in the micrometeorite flux reflects two dust populations with contrasting physical properties and atmospheric entry behaviours. Based on current micrometeorite mass flux estimates from TAM cosmic spherules [3], and accounting for the mass loss due to atmospheric entry derived, we calculate a time-averaged pre-atmospheric mass flux of ~10 kt/yr over the Quaternary. This agrees with current estimates [1,4], suggesting that the influx has remained constant over recent geological past.

Acknowledgments: PRIN2022 Cosmic Dust II, ID# 2022S5A2N7. ASI-MUR SpaceitUP! ID# 2024-5-E.0 – CUP n. I53D24000060005

References: [1] Love S. G. and Brownlee D. E. (1993) Science, 262, 550-553. [2] Genge M. J. et al. (2008) Meteoritics & Planet. Sci., 43, 497-515. [3] Suttle M. D. and Folco L. (2020) JGR: Planets, 125(2), e2019JE006241. [4] Rojas J. et al. (2021) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 560, 116794.

Speaker: Samuele Ottaviani (Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia)

36 Development, integration and optimisation of data processing strategies for the HL-LHC phase

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will dramatically increase data volumes and event complexity, posing significant challenges to the current LHC computing model.

My research project contributes to the R&D activities for the evolution of the CMS analysis computing model by developing strategies to sustain high-rate data processing at the HL-LHC scale while reducing time-to-insight. In particular, the project focuses on enabling the distributed execution of the CMS software (CMSSW), in synergy with the developments of the Next-Gen Trigger Task 3.2, and on extending these capabilities to geographically distributed topologies.

The work leverages INFN efforts to transparently provide heterogeneous resources, including HPC systems and specialised hardware. In this context, the CMS INFN Analysis Facility might act as an entrypoint to enable the distributed execution of CMSSW across external sites with heterogeneous resource provisioning.

Overall, the project aims to contribute to the development of a scalable computing strategy capable of significantly increasing processing rates and supporting high-throughput data processing in the HL-LHC era.

Speaker: Luca Pacioselli (INFN, Perugia (IT))

37 Electron-Beam Tailoring of Hypersonic Resonances in Silica Microparticles

The ability to finely tune and probe the elastic properties of microstructured materials is central to the design of advanced phononic, optomechanical, and bio-inspired systems. Silica microparticles synthesized via the Stöber process are widely used as model resonators and building blocks for phononic materials; however, their stiffness is typically determined by the synthesis conditions and remains fixed thereafter. Here, we demonstrate that moderate electron-beam irradiation, originally intended to charge silica micro-electrets [1], can be leveraged to engineer their elastic moduli [2]. This creates tunable hypersonic resonators where the charge state and mechanical response are simultaneously controlled.

This electromechanical coupling introduces new channels for interaction with external stimuli. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate energy transfer by coupling an RF electromagnetic field with the acoustic modes of the particles, suggesting potential applications in miniaturized RF antennas and mechano-chemical sensors. Beyond technological advancements, this approach underscores the efficacy of Brillouin spectroscopy in probing mechanical properties at the single-microparticle level. It establishes a robust methodology for investigating how local structural modifications, charge, and environmental factors influence elasticity at the microscale. This method is particularly relevant for biological and soft matter, where hydration, ionic environment, and molecular organization dictate mechanical behavior [3]. Consequently, irradiated silica particles serve as an ideal benchmark for interpreting Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) measurements of viscoelastic properties in complex systems.

References:
[1] Bonacci, F., Di Michele, A., Caponi, S., Cottone, F., & Mattarelli, M. (2018). High charge density silica micro-electrets fabricated by electron beam. Smart Materials and Structures, 27(7), 075052.
[2] Bonacci, F., Cottone, F., Di Michele, A., Passeri, A. A., Madami, M., Caponi, S., & Mattarelli, M. (2025). Tunable Hypersonic Resonators via Electron‐Irradiation‐Induced Giant Modulation of Microparticle Elasticity. Small, 21(18), 2410278.
[3] Passeri, A. A., Morena, F., Argentati, C., Bonacci, F., Neri, I., Fioretto, D., ... & Caponi, S. (2025). Beyond Water Content: Unraveling Stiffness in Hydrated Materials by a Correlative Brillouin–Raman Approach. ACS photonics, 12(7), 3794-3802.

Speaker: Dr Francesco Bonacci (Department of Physics e Geology, University of Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy)

38 Essential-oil-driven self-assembly of Diphenylalanine: A new platform to biofunctional peptide nanomaterials

Diphenylalanine (FF), the simplest aromatic dipeptide moiety and a key structural motif within amyloid-β fibrils, is widely recognized for its remarkable ability to self-assemble into highly ordered nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanofibers, and microcrystals. These assemblies exhibit exceptional mechanical rigidity, thermal stability, tunable wettability, piezoelectricity, and intrinsic biocompatibility, making FF-based architectures promising candidates for applications in biosensing, drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and antimicrobial materials.
The applicative challenge lies in exploiting the versatility of these systems to create new scaffolds with multiple properties. Of particular interest are matrices based on essential oils, complex mixtures of naturally occurring volatile compounds extracted from aromatic plants. Due to their characteristic fragrances and intrinsic bioactive properties, they are broadly employed in cosmetics, food products, and household formulations. Many essential oils also display well-documented antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities, largely attributed to their terpenoid and phenolic constituents.
In this study, oregano and tea tree oils were explored as unconventional solvents for driving the self-assembly of FF. The aim was to combine the intrinsic antibacterial activity of these oils with the structural and functional properties of FF aggregates, thereby promoting the formation of hybrid peptide-essential oil architectures with enhanced bioactivity. Moreover, this work includes a comprehensive physicochemical characterization, which is essential given that such FF–essential-oil structures have never been previously reported. The samples were examined using a multi-technique analytical approach combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This integrated characterization framework provides fundamental insights into the morphology, molecular organization, and crystallographic features of the newly formed assemblies, enabling a rigorous assessment of their structural properties and potential biomedical relevance.

Speaker: Sara Stefani (University of Perugia)

39 Latest results on rare kaon and hyperon decays at LHCb

During Run 1 and Run 2, the LHCb experiment collected data in $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s} = 7, 8$, and $13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $\sim 9$fb$^{-1}$. In this contribution, the latest results on rare kaon and hyperon decays from the LHCb collaboration will be presented. The experimental techniques employed in these analyses will be discussed, alongside the theoretical interpretations of the results. Furthermore, prospects for constraining New Physics models via parameters related to CP and angular distributions (forward-backward) will be presented. Finally, the contribution will provide an overview of the physics potential with the ongoing Run 3 data-taking.

Speaker: Arianna Codovini (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT))

40 Mimicking the interface between mammalian plasma membrane and extracellular matrix: chondroitin sulfate-decorated supported lipid bilayers

Many vital processes, such as the interaction with pathogens or drugs, take place at the interface between the plasma membrane (PM) and the extracellular-matrix (ECM). The zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) are among the most abundant lipids in the PM [1]. The ECM is made of flexible carbohydrates and proteins and is responsible for the cell organisation within tissues. Chondroitin sulphates (CSs) are present in the ECM of animal cells and are composed of a disaccharide unit (i.e. glucuronic acid and galactosamine), which can be sulfonated at different positions. Mono-sulfonation at position 4 or 6 is the most common, resulting in CS-A and CS-C species, respectively. Typically, CS-A is the most abundant form in human cells, however CS-C is overexpressed in cancer cells [2]. There is few information on the structural arrangement of CS molecules onto the PM surface and how this is affected by the status of the cell, e.g. healthy cells vs cancer cells vs inflammation response. This project is aimed at developing supported lipid bilayers (SLB) functionalised with CS molecules to investigate the impact of the bilayer lipid composition on the structural arrangement of CS. To produce said bilayers, we optimised a recently reported protocol [3], which consists in adding a modified phospholipid that bears an ammino group exposed to the bulk solvent (18:1 Dodecanylamine PE, DOPE-NH2) to the SLB to form an amide bond with CS-C. We investigated the CS-SLBs interaction for SLBs composed of either pure PC lipids or a mixture of PC and the negatively charged PS. These systems let us investigate the response of the CS layer structure to the exposure of PS lipids on the PM surface, which occurs in case of inflammation. The produced samples were characterized with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometry (NR).

References
[1] - Harayama, T. et al., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 19, 281-296, 2018.
[2] - Oo, Htoo Zarni et al., Cancers, 13, 2021, 13 (4489), 2021.
[3] - Altgärde, N. et al., JCIS, 390 (1), 258-266, 2013

Speaker: Brigida Romano (Università di Perugia)

41 Search for Dark Sector portals at LHCb

The LHCb experiment was originally designed to study b- and c-physics, but it has also proven to be an excellent probe of physics beyond the Standard Model. Within the framework of Dark Sector models, potential mediators between visible and dark sectors can be searched for as low-mass resonances. This contribution provides an overview of recent results and future prospects for dark sector searches at LHCb. In particular, the latest results on the search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are presented, together with prospects for the search for an HNL in the decay $B \to \mu N$, followed by $N \to e \pi$.

Speaker: Chiara Silvia Codovini (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT))

42 Serial readout of LGAD detectors for cosmic-ray space-borne instruments

In the context of the Pentadimensional Tracking Space Detector project (PTSD), we are currently developing a demonstrator to increase the Technological Readiness Level of LGAD Si-microstrip tracking detectors for applications in space-borne instruments. Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) is a consolidated technology developed for particle detectors at colliders which allows for simultaneous and accurate time (<100 ps) and position (~ 10 µm) resolutions with segmented Si sensors. It is a candidate technology that could enable for the first time 5D tracking (position, charge, and time) in space using LGAD Si-microstrip tracking systems. The intrinsic gain of LGAD sensors may also allow to decrease the sensor thickness while achieving signal yields similar to those of Si-microstrips currently operated in Space.
In this contribution we discuss the activities for the design and development of a low-consumption LGAD Si-microstrip device. The development is based on the innovative approach of a "serial" readout of several sensors. We also discuss possible applications and breakthrough opportunities in next generation large area cosmic-ray and sub-GeV gamma-ray detectors that could be enabled by LGAD Si-microstrip tracking detectors in Space.

Speakers: Martina Savinelli, Matteo Duranti (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT)), Valerio Vagelli (Italian Space Agency (ASI) and INFN)

43 Spin Waves properties of exchange-coupled Artificial Spin-Ice CoFe/Ru/NiFe multilayers

Artificial spin ice (ASI) systems are engineered arrays of interacting nanomagnets designed to mimic the frustrated spin arrangements in natural spin ice materials. In 3D ASI systems, complex Spin Wave properties are induced by the interlayer exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer. In this study we characterized both ASI structures and continuous films of exchange-coupled CoFe (15 nm)/Ru (0.6 nm)/NiFe (15 nm) multilayers using Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) spectroscopy to investigate the spin-wave properties of the systems. Experimental results were further interpreted with micromagnetic simulations using MuMax3, allowing for precise modeling of interfacial magnetic interactions and direct comparisons between simulated and experimental data. These approach enabled us to identify and quantify the linear and biquadratic interfacial coupling terms that define the system’s magnetic behavior, providing detailed insights into the magnetization reversal mechanisms, the dynamic properties and the interlayer interactions.

Speaker: Riccardo Fornari (Università degli Studi di Perugia)

44 Study of Multimessenger Science Scenarios with CTAO and Gravitational Wave Interferometers

The detection of the gravitational-wave event GW170817 by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration in 2017 demonstrated the feasibility of a multimessenger approach combining gravitational waves and electromagnetic counterparts produced during compact binary coalescences, such as binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers. However, observations since 2017 have shown that these astrophysical events are relatively rare, and that detecting both the gravitational and electromagnetic signals with current instruments remains challenging.
The aim of this project is to investigate BNS and NSBH events in both the near and long-term future, in order to understand the role they will play with the upcoming upgrades of gravitational-wave detectors and the development of next-generation facilities. On the gravitational-wave side, we consider the future upgrades of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) network as well as next-generation interferometers such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. For the electromagnetic counterpart, we focus on the very-high-energy component of the afterglow emission associated with gamma-ray bursts produced during the merger. In particular, we explore the detection capabilities of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, which is currently under construction.
To estimate the expected number of multimessenger detections in this framework and to assess how joint observations can constrain the physical properties of the merger, we are developing a numerical code to compute the synchrotron self-Compton emission of the afterglow. The model incorporates a structured jet profile, allowing us to account for both on-axis and off-axis observations of gamma-ray burst emission.

Speaker: tobia matcovich (INFN-Perugia)

45 Sustainable plastic recycling and full recovery of raw materials, through only-green protocols

Due to their cost-effectiveness, durability, and thermomechanical properties, plastics are indispensable to modern society; however, their accumulation has become an iconic symbol of anthropogenic pollution, threatening ecosystems worldwide. Currently, plastic recycling is mainly mechanical, which degrades material properties, limits reuse to lower-value applications, and is ineffective for mixed or contaminated waste streams. In response, chemical recycling breaks polymers down into their constituent monomers, which can then be repolymerized into virgin-quality materials.

This project aims to develop economically and environmentally sustainable chemical recycling strategies. These approaches enable the valorization of industrial plastic waste into valuable feedstocks, giving them a second life as value-added nanocomposites and ensuring full material recovery within a circular economy framework.

Speaker: Andrea Radicchi

46 The calibration of the Microstrip Silicon Detector in the FOOT experiment.

The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment has a relevant role in both medical physics, to increase knowledge on Hadrontherapy, and aerospace engineering, for Radiation Protection in Space. It aims to measure double differential cross-sections in nuclear fragmentation processes as a function of the emission angle and kinetic energy of the fragments with a precision better than 5%.
The Microstrip Silicon Detector (MSD) is one of the components of the magnetic spectrometer to measure the fragment momentum. Furthermore it is capable of measuring the dE/dx of each fragment, contributing to its Z determination.
The MSD consists of three planes each with two single side silicon microstrip sensors (X-Y views) 100 cm2 active area and 150 µm thickness. For each sensor 640 strips with 150 µm pitch are readout. Several data taking campaigns have been carried out: 2021 at GSI - Darmstadt, 2022 at HIT - Heidelberg and 2023 and 2024 at CNAO – Pavia. A characterization study to obain pedestal and single strip noise for each microstrip, the detection efficiency and the spatial resolution will be presented.

Speaker: Dr Sofia Mazzolani (UNICAM + INFN)

FIS&GEO PG2026 MazzolaniSofia_toPRINT.pdf

47 The HASPIDE project for ionizing radiation detection

The INFN HASPIDE experiment is based on the development of innovative solid-state sensors made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). In these sensors, an extremely thin (2 − 10 𝜇𝑚) a-Si:H layer is included between two electrodes, acting as a sensitive volume for detecting ionizing radiation. The a-Si:H layer is deposited on Kapton to obtain thin, flexible devices.
Different contacts configurations have been produced by the Ecole Politechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL institute - Neuchâtel, Switzerland), which are the n-i-p junction (intrinsic a-Si:H layer between n- and p-doped layers of thickness 10 − 20 𝑛𝑚), the charge-selective contact structure (the doped layers are replaced with metal oxides which selectively enhance the mobility of one charge-carrier, blocking the other) and finally the hybrid-type (in which the intrinsic a-Si:H layer is sandwiched between a n-doped layer and a metal oxide).
These different devices have been tested in laboratory, both in terms of dark current and X-ray sensitivity measurements. The results of these characterizations will be presented, together with a comparison about X-ray sensitivity at different biases.

Speaker: Dr Federico Cittadini (Università di Padova & INFN Perugia)

48 The Quaternary climatic changes in the Mediterranean deep-sea record: the planktonic foraminifera response

The Earth’s climate system is inherently dynamic and has been characterized by recurrent alternations between glacial and interglacial phases, particularly during the Quaternary (the most recent geologic period spanning the last 2.58 million years). These climatic oscillations have profoundly influenced marine ecosystems and biotic communities. In this context, the fossil record preserved in deep-sea sediments represents one of the most powerful tools for reconstructing past climate dynamics and improving our understanding of future climate evolution, a topic of primary relevance to the scientific community.
In this framework, this PhD project is situated, as part of the 41st cycle of the PhD Program in Earth System and Global Changes at the University of Perugia and it focuses on Quaternary climate variability in the Mediterranean region, with particular emphasis on the response of planktonic foraminiferal communities (single-celled protists) to major climatic perturbations over the last 2.3 million years (Ma).

The study is based on an integrated, multiproxy approach that combines micropaleontological analyses, stable isotope geochemistry, and additional geochemical proxies on planktonic foraminifera from different sites in the Mediterranean Sea. Samples are located in three key deep-sea marine sites in both the eastern and western Mediterranean basins, allowing basin-wide correlations and a comprehensive reconstruction of regional paleoenvironmental changes.
Therefore, the main goal of the project is to reconstruct the climatic evolution of the Mediterranean Sea since 2.3 Ma, with particular emphasis on the onset of major Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet expansion at approximately 1.8 Ma, and to investigate how planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and associated oceanographic conditions responded to the intensification of glacial–interglacial variability during the Quaternary.
Specific goals include: (i) the reconstruction of planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy over this interval in the Mediterranean basin; (ii) the establishment of a high-resolution stable isotope stratigraphy; and (iii) the reconstruction of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability from selected deep-sea cores.
By integrating micropaleontological and geochemical data, this research aims to provide new insights into the timing, mechanisms, and ecological impacts of Quaternary climate change in the Mediterranean region.

Speaker: Dr Claudia Marino (Università degli studi di Perugia)

49 Thermally Reactivated Recycled Concrete as Partial Clinker Substitute for CO₂ Sequestration in Mortars

Cement industry greatly contributes to CO₂ emissions, thus new strategies for CO2 reduction and capture are crucial to achieve the net-zero goal. This study investigates thermally reactivated concretes from construction and demolition waste (CDW) as partial clinker substitute in mortar formulations and their capacity of carbon sequestration. Two types of recycled concretes (RC) were examined: material originating from the 2016 Umbria-Marche earthquake, and RC from Manini Prefabbricati S.p.A. The thermal reactivation of RCs at 700 °C promotes the dehydration of hydrated phases, restoring their chemical reactivity. Mortar samples, containing 20wt% and 40wt% of RCs, were characterized using different analytical techniques. The samples, at different maturation stages, were subjected to accelerated carbonation, by varying both the reactor internal pressure and the carbonation times. 20wt% RC samples generally show mechanical strength comparable to the control, while 40wt% RC samples show a general decrease. Carbonation appears to be more effective in RC-containing samples.

Lo sviluppo di nuove strategie per catturare e ridurre le emissioni di CO2 nell’industria del cemento sono essenziali per raggiungere l’obiettivo net-zero. Questo studio analizza il potenziale del calcestruzzo termicamente riattivato proveniente da rifiuti da costruzione e demolizione (CDW) come sostituto parziale del clinker nelle malte e la capacità di sequestro del carbonio. Sono stati esaminati due calcestruzzi riciclati, derivanti dalle macerie del terremoto Umbria-Marche 2016 e da Manini Prefabbricati S.p.A. La riattivazione a 700°C favorisce la disidratazione delle fasi idrate, ripristinandone la reattività chimica. Malte con 20wt% e 40wt% di RC sono state caratterizzate mediante differenti tecniche analitiche. I campioni sono stati sottoposti a carbonatazione accelerata, variando la pressione nel reattore e i tempi di carbonatazione. I campioni con 20wt% di RC mostrano resistenze meccaniche paragonabili al controllo, mentre i campioni con 40wt% di RC mostrano una generale diminuzione. La carbonatazione sembra essere più efficace nei campioni contenenti RC.

Speaker: filippo mortaro

50 Tidal perturbations of an extreme mass ratio inspiral around a Kerr black hole

Tidal interactions play a fundamental role in shaping binary systems and affect their gravitational-wave (GW) signals, which is crucial for future detectors such as LISA and ET. While tidal effects on binaries are often studied in a weak-field approximation, a fully relativistic description is needed to capture the role of spin and curvature in shaping orbital dynamics and GW emission.

In this work, we present the first explicit metric for a tidally deformed Kerr black hole, valid up to generic quadrupolar tidal deformations. Expressed in terms of electric and magnetic tidal moments, our construction applies to any external vacuum perturbation in the small-tide approximation. The metric is obtained via reconstruction techniques based on the Teukolsky Master Equation and incorporates spin–tidal couplings, providing a relativistic framework to quantify environmental effects around black-hole spacetimes.

Using this solution, we analyze the secular dynamics of a test particle orbiting the tidally deformed Kerr black hole, focusing on the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and the light ring (LR). We compute tidal-induced shifts in their location and frequencies, and show how these are affected by the black hole’s spin.

These effects accumulate over the long inspiral of EMRIs, leading to measurable phase shifts in the GW signal, while also impacting black-hole spin inference and the quasinormal-mode spectrum. Our findings open new observational pathways for detecting environmental effects in strong gravity, offering potential smoking-gun signatures for LISA and other future detectors.

Speaker: Marta Cocco (University of Perugia and Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen)

51 Wearable CMOS Image Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Scattered Radiation in Interventional Radiology

Medical staff involved in interventional radiology procedures are continuously exposed to scattered X-ray radiation generated by the patient during fluoroscopy and image-guided interventions. Conventional personal dosimeters are widely used for radiation protection, but they generally provide only cumulative dose information and do not offer real-time feedback during procedures. This limits the possibility for operators to immediately adapt their behavior in order to reduce exposure.
In this work, we investigate the use of CMOS image sensor technology for wearable real-time dosimetry of medical personnel. The study focuses on the characterization of the ARX3A0 sensor as a new detector featuring characteristics well-suited to the requirements of medical dosimetry.
Preliminary measurements indicate that CMOS-based detectors represent a promising solution for this application, thanks to their compactness, sensitivity, and fast readout capabilities. The system is able to measure scattered radiation with low uncertainty, showing deviations typically below 5–10% with respect to reference dosimetric measurements. These results demonstrate the potential of this technology for real-time monitoring of occupational exposure and for providing immediate feedback to medical operators, contributing to improved radiation protection during interventional procedures.

Speaker: Giulia Angelucci (Università degli Studi di Perugia)

52 Design of Next-Generation LGADs with TCAD Tools

As the ECFA detector research and development roadmap outlines, "revolutionary improvements in the performance of solid-state detectors are essential to meet the requirements of future experiments." In this context, Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) is a highly valuable tool that can reduce costs and development time by providing a comprehensive understanding of the devices' physical behaviour before their manufacture. Ad-hoc developed numerical models for bulk and surface radiation damage effects can enhance TCAD tools, enabling the prediction of detector response evolution after irradiation and allowing designers to integrate this knowledge during the design phase.

This contribution will present the simulation outcomes that guided the design and predictive optimisation of the next-generation Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), such as Compensated LGADs and Resistive Silicon Detectors (RSDs).

Speaker: Alessandro Fondacci (University and INFN Perugia (IT))

53 Extremely Coarse-Grained Monte Carlo Simulations for Interpreting SAXS Data of DNA Structures

Small-angle X-ray scattering provides structural information on biomolecules in solution, but interpreting scattering data is challenging. To address this problem, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation framework that uses simplified patchy rigid-body models to reproduce scattering profiles and extract structural features. Depending on the system, this framework employs two levels of approximation: an Extremely Coarse-Grained approach where entire structural units are represented by a single element, and a Coarse-Grained approach where individual components are modeled separately to account for molecular flexibility. Using the ECG model to interpret SAXS data on human telomeric sequences, we demonstrated that stacking depends on interaction strength, supporting a semiflexible, non-extended model of G-quadruplex multimers that challenges the classical beads-on-a-string view. Furthermore, we expanded this framework by developing a CG model for double- and single-stranded DNA, utilizing cylindrical representations and bending potentials to reproduce the helical twist. Ultimately, these models successfully capture key structural features and provide reasonable fits to experimental SAXS data across multiple complex DNA structures.

Speaker: mattia trapella (Università di Perugia)

54 Inside the Earth - Geofisica della Terra solida @FisGeo

In this presentation we briefly summarize the research activities of the Solid Earth Geophysics (GEOS-04/A) group in the last three years. Moving from sample petrophysics to crustal-scale modelling, we will show few examples of the most recent developments in the research fields of the group. In particular, we are active in the thermal characterization of the upper crust through two distinct research lines which are carried out also with in-house instrumentation: the thermal conductivity measurement of soils and rock samples and borehole temperature data acquisition. We work also in the crustal-scale investigation of gravity and magnetic anomaly sources through acquisition, processing and multi-scale modelling of such data throughout the Italian peninsula and surroundings. We also investigate the effects of gravity changes on mantle convection, entropy and mixing. Finally, in the frame of the energetic transition, we focus our research interest also on the long-term and time-proof geophysical monitoring of geological storage sites for pollutants and alternative fuels. All these activities are carried out through ongoing collaborations with national and international research groups.

Speaker: Paolo Mancinelli

55 Late Pleistocene mammal assemblage from Geolocality 99 North, Olduvai Gorge

Oldupai Gorge is a globally iconic site for the study of the evolutionary dynamics of humankind and other mammalian species. Its sedimentary sequence preserves an almost uninterrupted record spanning from approximately 2 million years ago (Ma) to the recent past. This exceptional record has made the Gorge central to research on Eastern African biological evolution and environmental changes for more than a century. However, most research efforts have historically focused on the Early Pleistocene deposits, while the Middle and Late Pleistocene ones remain comparatively less explored. Over the past decade, the THOR (Tanzania Human Origins Research) team led by the University of Perugia, has been working to address this imbalance. The PhD project of the first author of this contribution (JSK) fits into this research framework.
Here, we present our ongoing study of fossil remains from Geolocality 99 North, located near Kelogi Hill at the southern end of the Side Gorge. The site has yielded a diverse assemblage of fossils attributed to several mammalian groups, including carnivorans, bovids, suids, and equids, among others. Of particular interest is a skeletal concentration (including some well-preserved remains of zebra) retrieved within a burrow-like feature interpreted as a hyena fossil den. This concentration is characterized by various skeletal remains with hyena modification marks such as puncture, scroll, and gnaw marks. Geolocality 99 North’s assemblage represents not only one of the better-preserved fossil assemblages from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Olduvai but also the first hyena den identified at the site.

Speaker: Mr Jackson Stanley Kimambo (University of Perugia, Italy)

56 Low-Frequency Magnetic and Acoustic Coupling in Virgo: Measurements and Preliminary Simulations

Environmental noise can affect the performance of ground-based gravitational-wave interferometric detectors, such as Virgo, through magnetic and vibro-acoustic coupling mechanisms, impacting both the detector sensitivity and the surrounding experimental areas hosting sensitive equipment.

In this work, we present measurements of magnetic coupling functions at low frequency (below 25 Hz) at the Virgo interferometer, performed across the three main experimental buildings. Controlled magnetic injections are used to estimate frequency-dependent coupling functions and to compare low-frequency measurements with swept-sine injections carried out during O4b and O4c observing runs. The observed frequency dependence of the coupling functions is investigated in order to identify the underlying coupling paths (e.g. mirror payload stage). This activity represents a first step toward the development of a magnetic coupling model consistent with experimental data.

In parallel, we have started setting up a simulation of the acoustic field in the Virgo Injection and Detection laboratories - hosting the detector's input and output optics, respectively - using the ANSYS simulation package, with the goal of investigating how sound propagates and interacts with sensitive components.
Preliminary projections indicate that the present level of acoustic noise in the Injection Laboratory is close to the Virgo detector sensitivity in specific frequency regions, suggesting a contribution from coupling mechanisms such as jitter noise.
This activity can provide a complementary simulation framework to assess acoustic conditions in future configurations of these laboratories, including the planned expansion for the implementation of the Virgo detector upgrade with stable optical cavities.

The overall goal of this work is to develop experimentally validated models to understand environmental noise coupling mechanisms and support mitigation strategies, with particular relevance for the design and sensitivity targets of future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope.

Speakers: Irene Fiori (European Gravitational Observatory, Cascina Italy), Dr Maria Concetta Tringali (European Gravitational Observatory)

57 Observable signature of magnetic tidal coupling in hierarchical triple systems

We study hierarchical triple systems formed by a compact binary orbiting a supermassive black hole (SMBH), focusing on the role of relativistic magnetic tidal interactions. Extending previous analyses of precession resonances to 0.5 post-Newtonian order, we incorporate quadrupolar magnetic tidal moments, which have no Newtonian counterpart. We find that magnetic tides introduce new resonances absent at lower order, leading to additional eccentricity excitations and significantly modifying the binary's long-term evolution. Numerical solutions of the Lagrange Planetary Equations confirm these analytical predictions and reveal how resonance strength depends on orbital eccentricity and inclination. The resulting dynamics accelerates the binary merger and imprints distinctive signatures on gravitational waves, potentially observable by LISA. Our findings identify magnetic tidal coupling as a novel strong-gravity effect and establish its importance for the resonant dynamics of compact-object binaries near SMBHs.

Speaker: Davide Panella

58 Phosphate-triggered Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Silk Fibroin solutions for the production of biologically stable films

Silk fibroin (SF) is the primary protein component of Bombyx Mori silkworm cocoons. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) via addition of phosphate buffer (PB) has been shown in literature to be a useful strategy for subsequent biomimetic fiber spinning.
Addition of PB can promote self-assembly in water-soluble SF. Better understanding of LLPS formation and stabilization remains of interest for engineering applications - for instance, to obtain films or integrated smart patches with possible use in drug delivery or tissue generation.
In this study, to elicit the effects of the water-soluble SF and PB concentrations on LLPS, the phase diagram for SF/PB was produced, substantiated both experimentally and via theoretical simulations with the help of a bead-string, coarse-grained model. We show that LLPS coacervation in SF/PB system in water is driven by hydrophobic interactions between the protein chains.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism analyses were used to investigate the conformational composition of both light and dense phases. In the liquid phase, random coil is shown to be the leading secondary structure component. This distribution does not meaningfully change for air-dried films. LLPS formation was stabilized with a post-treatment of said films in ethanol. In ethanol-treated samples, however, higher beta-sheet content is in evidence, bestowing higher mechanical and chemical resistance—as proven via dissolution testing in simulated gastric and intestinal environments.
Clear separation between light and dense phase remains in place after air-drying and ethanol exposure alike, conferring the benefits of preserving the compartmentalization of prospective functionals additives.

Speaker: Mx Rocco Malaspina (Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 - Perugia (Italy),)

59 Preprocessing and Coregistration of Multimodal Images for Biomedical Applications

Università degli Studi di Perugia
CURI

Multimodal image registration plays an important role in biomedical imaging, since it enables the integration of complementary information from different techniques, including Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI), fluorescence imaging, and optical imaging. The combination of molecular and morphological data can improve tissue characterization and support diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

The coregistration of these datasets is intrinsically challenging due to differences in spatial resolution, contrast, noise, and anatomical deformation. As a result, robust alignment often requires preliminary preprocessing and image reduction steps.

In collaboration with the Umbrian Center for Research and Innovation (CURI), this work is focused on the development and validation of an algorithmic pipeline for multimodal biomedical image coregistration, aimed at the integration of heterogeneous imaging data within an applied research framework.

Speaker: Cecilia Castellani

60 Strong-gravity precession resonances for binary systems orbiting a Kerr black hole

In the coming decades, next-generation detectors are expected to resolve binaries (hereafter, inner binaries) embedded in hierarchical triple systems, where a third body perturbs the inner binary through tidal forces while the binary orbits around it (forming the outer binary).

In these systems, precession resonances arise whenever the periastron precession frequency of the inner binary becomes commensurate with the fundamental frequencies of the outer motion. These resonances significantly affect the inner binary dynamics, producing characteristic peaks in eccentricity. While precession resonances have been extensively studied for a Schwarzschild black hole perturber, this work extends the analysis to the more astrophysically realistic case of a rotating (Kerr) black hole.
We show that the spin of the Kerr black hole modifies the resonant dynamics by shifting both the location and the strength of the resonances. Moreover, the additional degree of freedom associated with polar motion introduces a new fundamental frequency, leading to a richer resonant spectrum with novel resonant conditions unique to the Kerr space-time geometry.

Our results indicate that including black hole spin can introduce additional relativistic signatures, potentially observable by the new generation of gravitational wave detectors.

Speaker: Francesco Marzocco (University of Perugia; INFN Perugia)

61 t-channel models in SMEFT

We investigate the connection between simplified dark matter models featuring
a t-channel scalar mediator and the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT).
We focus on scenarios with fermionic dark matter interacting with leptons, under the
assumption of Minimal Flavor Violation. The dimension-six SMEFT Wilson coefficients
are computed in the Warsaw basis at one loop, with the aid of Matchete. Assuming a
compressed mass spectrum for the dark matter and the mediator, we incorporate coannihilations, Sommerfeld enhancement, and bound-state effects in the relic density calculation.
We then analyze the interplay between the dark matter energy density, global SMEFT
fits, and direct detection constraints. Our results show that SMEFT bounds, though loop suppressed, can meaningfully constrain the parameter space for mχ ≳ 0.5 TeV and O(1)
portal couplings.

Speaker: Lorenzo Tiberi (University of Perugia)

62 The stereo event reconstruction software system of the ASTRI Mini-Array

The ASTRI (Astrofisica con Specchi a Tecnologia Replicante Italiana) Mini-Array is an international project led by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) that is currently deploying nine small-sized (4 m diameter) dual-mirror Schwarzschild–Couder Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) at the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife (Spain). The array is designed to perform deep Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sky observations in the 1–200 TeV energy range, featuring a large field of view (about 10 degrees) and angular and energy resolutions of approximately 3 arcmin and 10%, respectively. The first two telescopes of the array, ASTRI-1 and ASTRI-3, are currently in the commissioning phase, and a two-telescope sub-array is already operational and collecting data. The ASTRI Mini-Array operational concept is based on the stereoscopic technique, i.e. the detection of the same atmospheric shower event by two or more telescopes. Data from single-telescope events are acquired independently and stored for offline processing. As part of the overall software system, the ASTRI team is developing a dedicated Data Processing System composed of specific software components that implement all the functionalities required to produce final science products from raw data. In this contribution, we present the status and future developments of the ASTRI Mini-Array, along with the results from the first stereoscopic reconstruction of real data obtained with the ASTRI-1 and ASTRI-3 sub-array.

Speaker: Francesco Casini

63 Vector Boson Scattering in semileptonic final states at CMS

Vector Boson Scattering (VBS) events are rare processes predicted and precisely described by the Standard Model (SM). In these interactions, the electroweak bosons, i.e.\ $Z$ and $W^{\pm}$, are emitted by the initial-state quarks and scatter off each other through triple or quartic gauge couplings. Such processes are ideal candidates for probing new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM), as they are directly connected to the Higgs mechanism, whose contributions cancel the high‑energy growth of the scattering amplitudes and preserve unitarity. This means that any deviation from this behavior would constitute strong hints of new physics, potentially associated with massive particles not yet observable due to current collider energy limitations. Semileptonic final states are particularly interesting for this kind of studies as they provide both a consistent statistics and experimental cleanliness. In this context, my work focuses on the study of $ZV$ production in semileptonic final states using CMS data and on the preparation of the Run 3 analysis, with the goal of improving the sensitivity to the electroweak component of $ZVjj$ and potential deviations in the high‑energy regime.

Speaker: Francesca Fiore (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT))

64 Tecniche di indagine non distruttive applicate alla caratterizzazione del patrimonio culturale: il caso di studio del Museo della Castellina di Norcia.

PhD Student: Giorgio Alaia (giorgio.alaia@dottorandi.unipg.it)
PhD Cycle 39 - Dottorato Comunale
Supervisor: Prof. Maurizio Ercoli (FISGEO, UNIPG)
Co-supervisor: Prof. Nicola Cavalagli (DICA, UNIPG)

Abstract: This research project focuses on the application of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques applied to Cultural Heritage. Led at the Museo della Castellina in collaboration with the Municipality of Norcia (Norcia, PG), the research aims to explore in detail the potential of multimethodological approaches to establish a standardised workflow that can be applied to any site of interest to Cultural Heritage. The study aims to cover the three key sectors of Applied Geophysics, namely: field data acquisition (with subsequent processing and interpretation), numerical modelling and laboratory testing.

Speaker: Giorgio Alaia

65 Tectono-sedimentary evolution and seismotectonics of the Northern Adriatic region: Geophysical and geological-structural studies to develop inventory maps of potential sites for CCS in the Adriatic Sea area

PhD Student: Elham Safarzadeh (elham.safarzadeh@dottorandi.unipg.it)
PhD Cycle 39
Supervisor: Prof. Maurizio Ercoli (FISGEO, UNIPG)
Co-supervisor: Prof. Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi (FISGEO, UNIPG)

Abstract: This study analyzes the subsurface structure and recent tectonic activity of the offshore Northern Adriatic (extending from north of Pesaro to south of Ancona), representing the frontal section of the Northern Apennine thrust system, where active deformation intersects with emerging CO₂‑storage initiatives. By digitizing, reprocessing, and integrating about 150 legacy hard copy seismic profiles and 45 boreholes, the project improves data quality and refines interpretations of major reflectors, faults, anticlines, and the 2022 Pesaro–Fano seismic structures. The resulting 3D structural framework will provide new insights into regional tectonics and will guide the creation of inventory maps for potential CO₂ storage sites, including their geometry and theoretical capacity.

Speaker: elham safarzadeh

Fri, April 10

Saluti iniziali

Convener: Bruna Bertucci (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT))

Planetologia

66 High-Pressure and High-Temperature Volatiles Across Planetary Bodies

Speaker: Carla Tiraboschi

67 From terrestrial volcanic ashes to planetary surfaces: FTIR spectral constraints on eruption style from surge deposits from Vulcano Island (Italy)

Speaker: Gentili Camilla

68 Spectral and Rheological Characterization of Synthetic Silicate Glasses Analogous to Lunar Basalts

Speaker: Gabriele Scognamiglio

69 Spectroscopic investigations for planetary exploration: from bottom up to top down

Speaker: Alessandro Pisello

10:28 AM coffee break

Onde Gravitazionali

70 Tecnologie del vuoto per l’Einstein Telescope: sfide di sistema e infrastrutture di prova

Il rivelatore di onde gravitazionali di terza generazione Einstein Telescope pone sfide tecnologiche di straordinaria complessità, tra cui la realizzazione del più grande sistema da vuoto mai concepito per operare in regime di ultra-alto vuoto.

Il progetto prevede un sistema da vuoto costituito da un tubo di un metro di diametro per una lunghezza complessiva di circa 120 km, operante a pressioni dell’ordine di 10^−10 mbar. Un semplice scaling delle tecnologie attualmente utilizzate comporterebbe costi insostenibili, rendendo necessario lo sviluppo di nuova componentistica, materiali avanzati e strategie alternative di produzione e controllo qualità.

Il sistema da vuoto includerà inoltre circa 130 torri che ospiteranno il sistema di isolamento sismico degli specchi. In questo contesto, il laboratorio CAOS di Perugia, infrastruttura chiave del progetto ETIC finanziato dal PNRR, svolge un ruolo centrale nella validazione sperimentale delle soluzioni tecnologiche, ospitando torri da vuoto alte 15 m nelle quali sara' installata una cavità ottica con sistema di isolamento sismico in scala 1:1.

Nel seminario verranno presentate le principali sfide tecnologiche e lo stato di avanzamento delle attività.

Speaker: Aniello Grado

71 Noise attenuation in gravitational waves interferometers

Detecting gravitational waves generated Megaparsecs away from Earth means measuring distance variations comparable with a proton's radius. Measuring such small distances means interfacing with a plethora of disturbances such seismic, thermal and quantum noises. In this talk some basics of how seismic noise is attenuated in the Virgo experiment will be displayed, accompanying the talk with some insights into the research lines pursued by the Virgo Perugia group.

Speaker: Nicolò Baldicchi

72 Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lock Acquisition Optimization in Non Linear Optical Cavities.

The PhD project explores the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to optimize the locking procedure of high-finesse Fabry-Pérot (FP), critical components in gravitational wave (GW) detectors such as Advanced Virgo, LIGO and KAGRA. Speeding up the locking procedure and establishing the resonance condition of these cavities are crucial aspects to improve the detector’s duty cycle, enhancing the time within the interferometers are able to detect new significant signals. However, the process is highly challenging due to several non-linear effects, such as cavity ringing and resonance drift caused by thermal effect and radiation pressure. These effects spoil the main optical signals as the optical power and the Pound Drever Hall error signal, crucial cavity state witnesses for control purposes. To address these challenges, we propose a DRL-based solution capable of adapting to the dynamic and non-linear nature of the cavity’s behavior. A simulator was developed to model the optical response of a FP cavity, taking into account the ring down effect. Subsequently, the simulator was used to develop a custom Gymnasium environment with which the RL agent could interact and learn the best action policy. Lastly, the critical challenge of the SimToReal transfer and the problems arising from the reality gap is also covered, laying the groundwork for future applications of this technique on real optical set-ups and potentially providing a predictive and adaptive alternative for managing the complex dynamics of FP cavities, aiming to significantly improve lock acquisition efficiency and reliability compared to traditional methods.

Speaker: Andrea Svizzeretto

73 Strong-gravity tidal effects in black-hole systems and their signatures in gravitational waves

Gravitational-wave observations have opened a new window on the strong-gravity regime of General Relativity. While most detected signals are interpreted assuming isolated compact binaries, many astrophysical systems are expected to evolve in complex environments, such as the dense regions surrounding supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. In these scenarios, external gravitational fields can significantly influence the dynamics of compact binaries and leave measurable imprints on their gravitational-wave emission.
In this talk I will present recent work on strong-gravity tidal interactions in black-hole systems. I will discuss how relativistic tidal fields generated by a nearby supermassive black hole can induce resonant phenomena in compact binaries and modify their long-term evolution. Such effects may leave characteristic signatures in the gravitational-wave signals of comparable-mass binaries, potentially accessible to current ground-based detectors.

I will also briefly discuss very asymmetric systems, the so-called extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where a compact object orbits a much more massive black hole. These systems are expected to be key sources for future space-based detectors such as LISA, operating in the millihertz band. I will describe recent results on tidal deformations of rotating black holes and their impact on the dynamics and gravitational-wave emission of EMRIs. Overall, these studies aim to provide new theoretical tools to interpret gravitational-wave observations and to test gravity in the strong-field regime.

Speaker: Marta Cocco

Astrofisica

74 The strong prospects of weak-interaction nuclear astrophysics.

Nuclear astrophysics has, for about a century, been the discipline aimed at linking the chemical abundances observed in galaxies with phenomena of nuclear physics, assigning to each nucleus a primary production mechanism and a stellar environment of origin. Over the years, measurements of thermonuclear fusion reactions and models of stellar evolution have made it possible to refine and consolidate the framework outlined by B2FH.

Today, the latest frontier of nuclear astrophysics is the study of reactions and nucleosynthesis environments that are increasingly exotic. On the one hand, there are measurements of reactions involving unstable nuclei; on the other, the study of objects at the end of their evolution that host neutron-capture nucleosynthesis processes. For years, measuring the cross sections of fusion reactions at the energies of the Gamow peak was the main challenge of experimental nuclear astrophysics; today, however, technology also makes it possible for the first time to investigate reactions mediated by weak interactions in plasmas.

This marks a new era for experimental physics, alongside that of multimessenger astronomy. We will present the most recent results obtained by researchers in Perugia, who have carried out sensitivity studies of beta-decay rates and neutron captures in stellar nucleosynthesis models, within the framework of the ASFIN2, PANDORA, and n_TOF collaborations.

Speaker: Sara Palmerini

75 First indirect measurement of the 26Al(n,p) and 26Al(n,α) cross sections in the context of Multimessenger Astronomy

The ADONIS experiment (Aluminum DestructION in Stars) is framed within the context of
Multimessenger Astronomy and aims to improve the understanding of nucleosynthesis processes
through the study of the radioactive isotope 26Al. This nucleus, the first γ-ray emitter
observed in our Galaxy, is crucial for understanding the evolution of massive stars, the supernova
explosions and the consequent formation of compact objects such as neutron stars.
The experiment indirectly measures the cross sections of the neutron destruction channels
26Al(n,α) and 26Al(n,p), which are fundamental in determining the abundance of 26Al,
by using the Trojan Horse Method (THM). This method overcomes the experimental difficulties
related to cross-section measurements at astrophysically relevant energies by exploiting
quasi-free breakup reaction mechanisms.
The data, from the 2H+26Al experiment carried out using a radioactive 26Al beam at 3.5
MeV/u and silicon telescopes to detect the reaction products, make it possible to explore the
astrophysically relevant energy range for 26Al synthesis in stellar environments (0–1 MeV).
The current status of the experiment’s data analysis will be presented, including the study
of selected processes used as kinematic and dynamic checks for the correctness of the detectors’
energy and angular calibrations.

Speaker: Francesco Andreis

12:40 PM Pranzo

Raggi Cosmici

76 AMS‑02 After 14 Years in Orbit: Milestones Reached and Future Challenges

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS‑02) is a cosmic‑ray detector installed on the International Space Station (ISS) on May 19, 2011. To date, the instrument has recorded more than 260 billion events, providing high‑precision measurements of the composition and energy spectra of cosmic rays up to the TeV scale. This contribution presents the most recent AMS‑02 measurements and their implications for our understanding of the mechanisms governing the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays, as well as for the identification of possible astrophysical sources that have so far remained undetected. Future prospects enabled by ongoing developments and by the activities funded through the SUPER-C project will also be discussed.

Speaker: Maura Graziani (Universita e INFN, Perugia (IT))

77 Fenomenologia della radiazione cosmica carica nell’eliosfera

La modulazione dei raggi cosmici galattici, dovuta all’evoluzione del campo magnetico eliosferico, influisce fortemente sull’intensità dei raggi cosmici che raggiungono la Terra. Caratterizzare questo processo è fondamentale sia per avanzare nella comprensione del trasporto dei raggi cosmici, sia per valutare l’esposizione alle radiazioni e i relativi rischi durante missioni spaziali.
In questa presentazione viene descritto PGLis, un nuovo modello previsionale sviluppato per la predizione a lungo termine dei flussi di raggi cosmici galattici. Il modello è il risultato di una sinergia tra l’Università di Perugia (PG) e il Laboratorio LIP di Lisbona (Lis) ed è basato su una soluzione numerica del trasporto delle particelle cariche nell’eliosfera, in relazione alla variazione temporale degli indicatori dell’attività solare.
Il modello PGLis è stato validato utilizzando misure di flussi multispecie provenienti da esperimenti spaziali come PAMELA, AMS-02 e ACE, implementando un algoritmo basato su tecniche di demodulazione delle serie temporali e cross-correlazione tra macchie solari e parametri di modulazione efficaci.
Questo approccio tiene anche conto del noto ritardo temporale
che intercorre tra i flussi di raggi cosmici rispetto alla variazione dell'attività solare.
Il modello ha dimostrato elevate prestazioni nella ricostruzione e previsione dei flussi su un ampio dataset multicanale e multispecie che copre differenti energie e diverse fasi solari. Inoltre, combinato con metodi di conversione da flusso a dose, il modello mostra anche una notevole capacità di ricostruire misure dosimetriche nello spazio vicino.
Infine, quando integrato con modelli di previsione degli indicatori solari, PGLis permette di ottenere stime dei flussi di GCR su scala decennale, supportando così la pianificazione a lungo termine e la valutazione dei rischi da radiazione per le future missioni spaziali.

Speaker: David Pelosi

Fotoni

78 Multiwavelength and Multimessenger Astrophysics

Several fundamental astrophysical phenomena in the Universe, like Cosmic ray acceleration, Black Holes accretion and compact object mergers, involve non thermal processes with emissions covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum and the production of non-electromagnetic messengers such as Neutrinos or Gravitational Waves. In order to understand these phenomena it is necessary to study them through a variegated set of instruments each one optimized for a different energy interval. The present effort in Multiwavelength and Multimessenger Astrophysics is focused in improving the instruments sensitivity over the largest energy range possible. I will describe my activity related to the long-standing involvement in High Energy Astrophysics with the Fermi-LAT space mission and the commitment toward the construction of the new facilities ASTRI Mini-Array and Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, based on the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope technique. I will also discuss the work for the refurbishment of the Osservatorio di Coloti in Montone (PG).

Speaker: Stefano Germani

79 Study of Multimessenger Science Scenarios with CTAO and Gravitational Wave Interferometers

The detection of the gravitational-wave event GW170817 by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration in 2017 demonstrated the feasibility of a multimessenger approach combining gravitational waves and electromagnetic counterparts produced during compact binary coalescences, such as binary neutron star (BNS) mergers and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers. However, observations since 2017 have shown that these astrophysical events are relatively rare, and that detecting both the gravitational and electromagnetic signals with current instruments remains challenging.
The aim of this project is to investigate BNS and NSBH events in both the near and long-term future, in order to understand the role they will play with the upcoming upgrades of gravitational-wave detectors and the development of next-generation facilities. On the gravitational-wave side, we consider the future upgrades of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) network as well as next-generation interferometers such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. For the electromagnetic counterpart, we focus on the very-high-energy component of the afterglow emission associated with gamma-ray bursts produced during the merger. In particular, we explore the detection capabilities of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, which is currently under construction.
To estimate the expected number of multimessenger detections in this framework and to assess how joint observations can constrain the physical properties of the merger, we are developing a numerical code to compute the synchrotron self-Compton emission of the afterglow. The model incorporates a structured jet profile, allowing us to account for both on-axis and off-axis observations of gamma-ray burst emission.

Speaker: Tobia Matcovich