Conveners
Poster - Industrial/Commercial/Medical Applications and Plasma and Pulse Power Diagnostics
- Yunping Zhang (Purdue University)
- Li Lin (The George Washington University)
- Shutong Song (Old Dominion Unviersity)
The OAUGDP is widely explored by researchers for studying surface treatment of materials using helium and argon plasma. However, generation of OAUGDP especially in the air could have great potential in industries because air is freely available in nature. The challenge is to avoid localized high energy streamer formation in the air because of very high voltage rating of power supply in case of...
A brand new methodology for depositing alumina films in a faster, lower cost and ecologically friendly rout is proposed here: the reactive sputtering of the aluminum acetylacetonate, AAA using DC pulsed plasmas. Firstly, the AAA powder was spread on the center of the electrode of a capacitively coupled plasma system. Substrates were placed around it. Plasma was excited from argon and oxygen...
There are many reports reporting chemically active species using underwater discharge plasma. Another method is to bubble in water to produce chemically active species.
However, it is difficult to measure the active species by spectroscopy in the discharge in water.
We generated chemically active species utilizing streamer discharge generated on the water surface and measured spectroscopic...
The reillumination of corona-like discharges in water was reported to start either during the high-voltage plateau or during the falling edge of applied high voltage pulses or not at all. For similar pulse durations and amplitudes, reillumination was then observed for a single filament or for all of the previously formed channels altogether. However, so far no general explanation for this...
The quality of a plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) film ultimately depends on controlling the flux of the reactive species onto the wafer. In a typical SiO$_2$ PEALD process, the first step is to treat the substrate with Si-containing precursor, usually without a plasma. Then the oxidation process is performed by exposing the substrate to an O$_2$-containing plasma. To achieve...
Pulsed electrical discharge was generated in a spark gap submerged in mineral oil with methane injected into the gap at ambient pressure. Spark gap was powered by a DC power supply (50 kV) with one resistor and one capacitor (30 pF). Breakdown occurs when the applied voltage reached the breakdown voltage of the mixture in the gap. Total breakdown voltage in the spark gap was predicted by...
Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are of interest to various biomedical applications including bacterial inactivation, surface modification and sterilization, wound healing and tumor apoptosis. The electric field and charge near the bio-substrates were considered important parameters influencing the plasma-induced biomedical effects due to the possible electroporation and chemical...
Arc discharges that fall into low-temperature plasmas have several industrial applications including nanoparticle synthesis, plasma thrusters, and thin film deposition. The complexities associated with the simulation are dealing with large gradients of densities, temperatures, material evaporation, deposition, and species transport. Most widely used model for simulating the arc discharges is...
Nonthermal plasma (NTP) causes delayed melanoma cell death which is indicative of apoptosis. The NTP is produced by applying a high voltage signal to helium gas, causing ionization of a combination composing neutral gas molecules and ambient air. By exploring the plasma’s physical temperature, the energy exchanged during the plasma-cell interaction can be further understood. The NTP discharge...
The gas temperature is an important plasma parameter as it strongly influences the plasma chemistry which drives most plasma applications. The gas temperature in non-equilibrium plasmas is often obtained by fitting the synthetic spectrum to the experimental spectrum of the C3Πu-B3Πg (△v=-2) band transition of nitrogen. However, the gas temperature obtained by this method is actually the...
A one dimensional model for nanosecond pulse non-equilibrium plasma discharge is developed. A numerical simulation has been done for nanosecond high voltage pulse DBD air discharge. The evolution and distribution of component parameters, electrical parameters for air discharge has been investigated. It is found that the sheath layer effects the electrical field distribution, the voltage and...
In natural, the condensation and coalescence and growth of water droplets play a significant role in the process of cloud formation, which is hard to occur under subsaturated environment. In this paper, the growth of water droplets is detected in a 0.24 $m^{3}$-subsaturated cloud chamber with unipolar corona discharge. The results show that the diameter of droplets can grow up from submicron...
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet gained a great interest overall the world due to its wide band of application in medicine, industry and agriculture [Puač et al., 2018]. Therefore, in this work we investigated the impact of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet on the germination and early seedling growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The plasma jet system is a...
In the case of generating a shock wave by underwater discharge, there is a disadvantage that the electrode is consumed by a large current. When a thin electrode is used, dielectric breakdown tends to occur but consumption is accelerated. When a thick electrode is used, it is difficult to wear out but insulation breakdown hardly occurs and a large voltage is required. These effects are...
Numerical analysis was conducted in order to elucidate the flow field in post arc with applying transient recovery voltage. The objective of this simulation is to elucidate the arc phenomenon inside Gas Circuit Breaker (GCB) in post arc. GCB is an electric power equipment that quenches the arc using the compressed SF$_6$ gas. It has been reported that the decrement of the arc temperature at...
The objective of this simulation is to elucidate the arc phenomenon in the circuit breaker at opening process. Ablation is one of the quenching methods. It has been reported that the occurrence of ablation contributes to decrease the arc temperature, because the energy loss increases with increasing the ablation and convection loss affected by ablation gas. Moreover, the physical properties of...
The rapid development and application of nanosatellite technology has vastly accelerated mission complexity – sparking interest in robust, low power, and high specific impulse micropropulsion systems. Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs) have been extensively explored and employed to fill this role. However, the technology’s longevity has been historically plagued by the durability of an igniter...
Utilizing a flow-stabilized plasma we have demonstrated a high thrust and high specific impulse thruster capable of producing 10 N to 1000 N of thrust while maintaining high specific impulse >5,000 s. The scaling relationship of the device suggests that it is possible to build a 10 N thruster with a thrust to power ratio of 95 mN/kW. Thrust of the device is achieved by increasing the plasma...
A vacuum arc thruster is a compact solid propellant propulsion system, which is capable to produce thrust in uN range. It is particularly interesting for very small satellites with a limited space and mass budget.
For a space ready vacuum arc thruster system among other issues which need to be addressed the development of a suitable power supply is necessary. It should allow a stable and long...
Underwater discharges generate shock waves, active species such as OH radicals, high electric fields and so on. Underwater discharges have been studied for algae treatment and ballast water treatment. The conductivity of water treated by underwater discharge is different. Therefore, it is necessary that investigation about the influence of underwater discharge on the change of conductivity. OH...
Ballast water is seawater that is loaded as a "weight" to maintain restoring force when a large cargo ship is not loading luggage. In order to balance the sailing at a shipping route where there is generally no load or less luggage, pump up seawater at the port of the departure place and pump out it with loading at the port of the arrival place. Since ballast water also contains inherent...
Pulsed power generators have been required high-reliability usability and portability by research applications such as bioelectrics, ozonizers, sterilization and water treatment. However, those pulsed power generators are difficult to develop a conventional pulsed power generator using only electric circuits.
The present work aims to develop a high-performance pulsed power generator using...
Ultrasonic and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in water leads to the production of hydroxyl radicals, and are thus considered advanced oxidation processes capable of removing organic contaminants from waters and wastewaters. Ultrasound in combination with UV irradiation increases the production rates of hydroxyl radicals, and traditionally involves both high-power ultrasonic transducers and UV...
Concrete consists of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and cement pastes. The coarse aggregates can be supplied from either crushed stone from mountains or recycled coarse aggregates from waste concrete. Recently, the fine aggregates can be supplied either from crushed sand which made from crushed stone or recycled fine aggregates from waste concrete. In previous days, the fine aggregate...
The nonthermal equilibrium plasma has a high chemical reactivity and a characteristic that the temperature of the ion and the neutral particle is relatively low. Utilizing these features, many applications have been studied in the environmental field such as electrostatic precipitator, ozone generation, exhaust gas treatment, removal of volatile organic components, etc. In recent years,...
The correct estimation of the self resistance of grounding conductor (due to the grounding resistance caused by the self resistance of grounding conductor) is of great significance for improving the design and construction level of grounding grids and the reasonable selection of the specifications of grounding conductors. However, there is no scientific calculation method for its accurate...
In many situations the performance of a given material is determined primarily by the properties of its surface. That is the case of photocatalytic degradation systems, where organic compounds are mineralized through chemical reactions stimulated by the light illuminating certain materials. Such effect can be enhanced by using treatment techniques able to adjust the surface characteristics,...
It is widely accepted that the breakdown field in fluid (water) is affected by the duration of the applied voltage. Consequently, when a solid (rock) is submersed into a fluid and placed between electrodes, a breakdown occurs in the solid dielectric rather than in the insulating liquid depending on the voltage-time characteristics and on the values of the electric field: there is competition...
Ion-implant energy for cutting-edge semiconductor device is decreasing since the junction depth becomes shallower along with the shrinkage of device size. The lowest energy level for practical use has been around several 100eV and will become lower in a near future [1]. For realizing such low-energy beams, ions are decelerated before implantation. We reported in the past that the exact energy...
Ozone has been used an oxidation agent in various fields, and production of ozone with high efficiency and high concentration is required. In this study, ozone is produced in coaxial reactors using nanosecond pulsed power discharges. The ozone production with pulsed power discharges is efficient but relatively low-concentrated. In our previous studies, the ozone concentration increased with...
Ozone has strong oxidation power and no-residual toxicity, therefore it is expected one of the next-generation oxidants. There are various applications using ozone such as clarification of drinking water, industrial wastewater treatment, and so on. At present, dielectric barrier discharge is the main method used for commercial ozonizers. However, as most of the input energy is lost as heat,...
Experiments have shown that transient plasma ignition (TPI) driven by nanosecond high-voltage pulses improves ignition and combustion efficiency [1]. To better understand the application through which nanosecond pulses affect combustion, the power and energy of transient plasma delivered to the combustion system are evaluated in order to optimize the pulse parameters. A broadband...
Flashover plasma across an epoxy sulfur hexafluoride interface in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) may induce blockage of power cut. However, characteristics of flashover plasma across an epoxy sulfur hexafluoride interface under the operation temperature of GIS (80 Celsius degree) were less discussed previously. In this work, a high voltage experiment setup was built to investigate the...
In a gliding arc reactor, the arc string moves two dimensionally. On the other hand, in a rotating arc reactor the arc string moves three dimensionally by using a swirl motion of arc gas. The performance of most plasma generators using electric arcs is determined by the design of electrodes. Especially, the design of high voltage electrode is a dominant factor in determining the limitations in...
Plasma in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge, similarly to other discharges utilizing ExB field (Hall thrusters, homopolar devices), undergoes self-organization into the ionization zones rotating in the ExB direction, called spokes. In different experimental conditions the appearance, number and rotational velocity of spokes change. Additionally, the spokes were...
Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a growing need to test the integrity of industrial materials since small defects can lead to catastrophic failure during operation in areas ranging from aviation to nuclear pressure vessels. Lorentz force eddy currents provide higher testing speed and greater penetration depth of conductive nonferrous metals than other methods. This presentation assesses the...
The plasma membrane potential of non-spherical cells has been solved for the spheroidal case analytically [1,2] and approximated in other cases[3] These solutions become cumbersome for more complex shapes, such as spheroidal cells with protrusions or rod-like cells. In particular, many microorganisms are rod shaped and a direct method for determining membrane potential for these cells is...
Irreversible electroporation ablation is an irreversible perforation of cell membrane under the pulsed high voltage electric field with certain energy, which leads to cell death and apoptosis, finally achieves the ablation of tumors. The developing technology used by microsecond pulse generator raises a series of new requirements for generator: output voltage pulses with adjustable voltage...
Atmospheric cold plasmas (ACPs) can effectively inactivate microorganisms in liquids and foods. Many ACP delivery mechanisms exist, including plasma jets and dielectric barrier discharges, with pulsed or AC applied voltages. Of note, are recent experiments considering the impact of high voltage ACPs (HVACPs), which apply tens of kilovolts across a several centimeter parallel plate gap, to...
While several non-viral gene delivery methods (e.g., electroporation and optoporation) have been developed with various degrees of success, no uniform solution with low cost, high transfection efficiency, low toxicity, simplified workflow and ease of use has been achieved. One approach to deliver genetic material into eukaryotic cells uses magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fields [1]. While...
In recently years, malignant neoplasm (cancer) occupies the extremely high percentage of cause of death; the percentage is ranked the first place in Japan and the second place in the United States. Currently, three major cancer therapy are radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical therapy and these therapies have several disadvantages as large invasiveness and critical side effects. It has...
The plasma healing of acute wound is examined by controlling several external physical parameters such as driving frequency and power, duration and interval of plasma treatment, fraction of air mixture, and gap distance between plasma and wound. The variation of these physical parameters results in different amount of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) reaching the wound, which...
The application of pulsed power technology is spreading to biotechnology and medical fields. Pulse electric fields yield various influences on cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which is due to accumulation of unfolded proteins has been considered as one of pathogenies such as diabetes and Alzheimer. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a built-in avoiding function of ER stress and conduct...
Atmospheric-pressure pulsed plasma jet has recently received significant attention due to their unique capabilities. Among the biomedical field, atmospheric-pressure plasma jet has been utilized to inactivate human cell for the development of new cancer treatment. In the literatures, it has been reported that H2O2 produced by plasma is one of the main factors for inactivation of HeLa cell...
Electroporation is a method to introduce genes into cells. In electroporation, voltage pulses are used to create pores on cell membrane, and then genes are expected to be introduced into cells through the pores. A condition of voltage pulse is very important factor to achieve high efficiency of introduction.
In this study, two different rectangular voltage pulses were applied in a short time...
Recently plasma activated water (PAW) has drawn huge attention because of its potential applications, such as disinfectant and natural fertilizer. In this paper, we report on the efficient fabrication methods of PAW by a non-thermal plasma. As a non-thermal plasma source, we used the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The properties of the produced PAW were analyzed in terms of pH,...
A highly effective bactericidal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system with pulse power supply is established to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) in solution. A time-resolved, pseudo - in situ method based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) is developed to determine the molecular changes occurring in E. coli during the plasma treatment under different...
In the recent years, atmospheric pressure surface discharge plasma as newly developed plasma source, becomes an ideal approach for the ROS/RNS generation and biomedical sample processing. Surface discharge plasma has exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against aggressive human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which could cause a wide spectrum of clinically significant...
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has been shown to kill or destroy bacteria and biofilm through reactive etch and sputter. Plasma can be used to debride wounds or to remove bacteria from food processing surfaces. Our parallel plate source operates at 20 kHz and 2-5 kV using Ar and O2 working gasses. The device is fabricated from a Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) with a discharge...
Many foods are sold in the market at wrapped condition for keeping freshness. It also prevents adhesion of microorganisms after packaging, prolonging expiration date, and preventing food poisoning. However, this effect can not be expected if the microorganisms adhere before packaging. Therefore, we propose to use pulsed electric field to sterilize packaged foods [1]. Pulsed electric field...
Cold plasma is attractive as a non-thermal sterilization method for a fresh food. In addition, the plasma can be generated at inside of a package by barrier discharge. Therefore it has been studied as the sterilization method for a packaged fresh food [1][2]. However, effect for between stacked pieces of the foods have not been considered well yet.
In this study, we have investigated...
As of yet no definitive standard for high-power microwave (HPM) testing of electronic systems exists and there is a need to investigate different methodologies. HPM-effects testing usually require access to several tunable HPM-sources in order to cover a large frequency spectrum. Although such testing facilities do exist, such as f.ex. the SUP.R.A in Germany or the ORION in USA, they are very...
Pulsed power devices rely on the ability to deliver high voltages and currents to a variety of complex loads with minimal transmission losses. The Z Machine at Sandia National Laboratories can deliver up to 26MA within ~100 nanoseconds to multiple physics targets. This type of current flow combined with MeV potentials across millimeter A-K vacuum gaps lead to a variety of extreme electrode...
Modeling gas chemistry interactions with high energy electrons can help answer many basic and applied physics questions, but the electric field generated is a key parameter for modeling that is not always well known. Measurements of electric field under relevant conditions could help to inform and validate plasma chemistry models. In support of NRL gas chemistry studies, the University of...
We obtain the electrical conductivity of copper along the gas branch of liquid-gas coexistence curve (binodal curve) as a function of temperature and mass density using the fact that an exploding wire cools down along the gas branch of binodal curve during the current dwell time. Under the assumption of uniform wire properties during the wire cooling, electrical conductivity and mass density...
A resistor divider with good frequency response to nano-second signals is usually used in the Calibration of VFFO sensor, serving as comparative measurement. And a coaxial cavity is usually used in the calibration process to simulate the working condition of VFFO sensor. In this paper, a coaxial resistor divider is developed making use of the end matching resistor of the coaxial cavity. The...
Transient overvoltage of power equipment is an important factor affecting the reliability and stability of power systems. Accurate, fast and safe measurement of transient overvoltage is of great significance in the study of overvoltage and insulation design.
In order to monitor overvoltage, a lumped parameter model is established for the wide-band resistance capacitance parallel voltage...
The electric field strength from the cathode to the anode (or Voltage) of a pulsed power machine is one of the most important operating parameters of the device. However, to date, accurate and precise Voltage measurements on these high energy pulsed power systems have proved difficult if not virtually impossible to perform. In many cases, the measurements to be performed take place in an...
MSTS product number: DOE/NV/03624-0386
The United States initiated the Subcritical Experiment (SCE) program to support stockpile stewardship mission shortly after the 1992 moratorium on underground nuclear testing was established. Many SCE’s are conducted at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nevada. Cygnus is a high energy radiation generating device (RGD) located and operated at...
Traditionally, large-amplitude, fast-rising electrical currents and magnetic fields have been measured with electromagnetic probes such as Rogowski coils or B-dot probes. These measurements can be problematic if made near high voltage electrodes with insufficient probe isolation. An alternative method for measuring electrical current and magnetic fields involves using the Faraday effect on...
Considerding the research of the overvoltage of the converter station, the EMTP or EMTDC software is used for digital simulation. However, whether the equipment equivalent model used in the digital simulation can accurately reflect the true dynamic characteristics of the equipment directly affects the accuracy of the simulation analysis results.
In order to establish a high-frequency model of...
Magnetic fields play an important role in the behavior or many HEDP systems, however, the scaling of astrophysical relevant phenomena to a laboratory setting requires the generation of strong magnetic fields (>5 T) that can match the high flow velocities and energies achieved by the plasmas commonly created in these experiments. Accurate measurement of such powerful magnetic fields and field...
We report on the first operation of the Z-Line-VISAR (ZLV) diagnostic. The diagnostic is motivated by the desire to understand current delivery to loads at the Z Pulsed Power Facility. A team from Sandia and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories collaborated to implement ZLV. The diagnostic measures the spatial and temporal dependence of the velocity at a surface near the load. From the...
The University of Michigan is partnered with Sandia National Laboratories in order to experimentally verify power flow simulations in the anode-cathode gap on Z-machine. Due to the ionization of desorbed neutral constituents of the insulated transmission lines, the electron current flow can become unconfined to the electrode surface and travel across the anode-cathode gap. This flashover of...
Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) has designed and constructed an analog optical link with a bandwidth of 50kHz to 6 GHz. The system is controlled from a LabVIEW-based remote platform that provides the user with control and monitoring of the system standby function, battery charge, temperature, and attenuation. The internal step attenuator provides 60 dB of dynamic range in 1 dB...
For miniaturization and higher frequency of electronic devices, a reliable technique for measurement of the high-frequency electric signals is required. A linear Rogowski coil based on a transmission line was proposed to measure the high-frequency pulse current by Nassisi and Delle Side (2017). The previous research showed that the linear Rogowski coil observed the pulse current with a rise...
Plasma polymerized thin films have a wide variety of applications for surface coatings, sensors and opto-electronic devices. Plasma polymerized o-methoxyaniline (PPOMA) thin films of different thickness were synthesized at room temperature on glass substrates. The thickness of the PPOMA films deposited on glass substrates was measured by using the multiple-beam interferometric method. The...
