We present the threshold voltage generation for CMS Endcap-Timing-Layer (ELT) readout ASIC called ETROC. ETROC together with the chosen sensor, low gain avalanche diode (LGAD), aim to achieve time resolution of 30~40 ps per track. In the analog front-end of ETROC, a pre-amplifier amplifies the signal from LGAD sensor, and then a discriminator converts the pre-amplifier signal into digital...
The new ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) is currently in its commissioning phase. The ITS sensors are read out by 192 ITS readout units, which send the data to the counting room. These readout units are located 4 m from theALICE experiment beam collision point and are therefore in a radiation zone. Thus, the components on the readout unit are radiation tolerant. The sensor data are collected...
Hyper-Kamiokande is a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector designed to study neutrinos from astronomical sources, nucleon decay, with the main focus on the determination of leptonic CP violation. To detect the weak Cherenkov light generated by neutrino interactions or proton decay, the newly developed 20inch PMT will be used in addition to a system of small photomultipliers as...
We present a 144-channel detection module for gamma spectroscopy that couples a SiPM detectors array to a thick LaBr3 scintillation crystal. The module features custom front-end electronics, state-of-the-art energy resolution (2.9% at 662keV), 80kHz monolithic acquisition rate and embedded, real-time imaging capabilities. The relatively large number of independent channels allows to achieve a...
The Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute searches for the lepton flavour violating decay $\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+e^+e^-$. The experiment aims for an ultimate sensitivity of one in $10^{16}$ decays. The first phase of the experiment, currently under construction, will reach a branching ratio sensitivity of $2 \cdot 10^{-15}$ by observing $10^{8}$ muon decays per second over a year of...
We present the design and test results of a Drivers and Limiting AmplifierS operating at 10 Gbps (DLAS10) and Miniature Optical Transmitter/Receiver/Transceiver modules (MTx+, MRx+, and MTRx+) based on DLAS10. DLAS10 can drive two Transmitter Optical Sub-Assemblies (TOSAs) of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), receive the signals from two Receiver Optical Sub-Assemblies (ROSAs)...
The COMET Phase-I experiment plans to search for the muon-to-electron conversion with a single event sensitivity of $3\times10^{-15}$, which has never been observed. The event signature is a mono-energetic electron of $105\,\mathrm{MeV/c}$ for muonic atoms formed in aluminum. This electron is detected by a cylindrical drift chamber (CDC) and a trigger hodoscope in a 1-T solenoidal magnetic...
We have developed a multi-channel high time resolution DAQ system for TOT (time over threshold)-ASIC. The developed FPGA based DAQ has 144 channels per board with an ethernet readout for measuring the energy and timing information simultaneously. The measured time resolution of the developed DAQ board is up to 62.5 ps and should be possible to achieve up to 15.625 ps in the future. This...
In food irradiation, the medium in a food product package is usually discontinuous, however in most of estimation of dose profiles, it is considered as continuous material. In the present work, investigation of the depth-dose profiles of electron radiation induced by 10 MeV electron beam linear accelerator (UELR-10-15S2) in continuous and discontinuous materials has been performed based on...
Exploiting commodity FPGAs in the front-end electronics is a standard solution
for readout and trigger electronics for the HL-LHC. It requires the system to be
capable of configuring, debugging and testing the firmware from a remote host.
Furthermore, the control system is also responsible for monitoring and recovery
in case of the SEU errors on the configuration memory of the FPGAs....
The calibration process for the hybrid array pixel detector designed for High Energy Photon Source in China, we called HEPS-BPIX, is presented in this paper. Based on the S-curve scanning, the relationship between the energy and threshold is quantified. For the threshold trimming, the precise algorithm and fast algorithm are proposed to study the performance of the threshold DACs which will be...
In order to realize plasma boundary reconstruction and plasma shape control based on visible camera, a high-speed camera acquisition system was developed on EAST. This system is optimized in many ways to achieve high-speed, real-time, low-latency performance, and can simultaneously load multiple acquisition cards. The acquisition rate of this system can be close to 10,000 FPS where the frame...
The particle physics experiments produce the data in the order of tens GB per hour. Due to the limited resources for data storage and offline processing this amount has to be reduced with respect to the events strongly related to the ongoing experiment. Data acquisition (DAQ) system is the key component dedicated to data collecting and storing at different stages of the particle detector...
The ATLAS Forward Proton (AFP) project extends the forward physics program of the multipurpose ATLAS detector located at LHC in CERN. The time-of-flight (ToF) detector measures the time delay of the detected high-energy protons (HEPs) during the multiple proton-proton collisions. Due to the high luminosity at LHC the number of events detected by ToF is enormous as well as the amount of data...
The 30 MeV high current proton cyclotron had been demonstrated successfully for BNCT System in Japan. From the M-C simulation at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), the lower energy, e.g. 14 MeV proton beam will be benefit obviously for the neutron modulator and may not affect the neutron flux very much. A project of high current cyclotron based BNCT system was approved to start the...
The CYCIAE-230 cyclotron operates cw(continuous wave). The extracted beam is characterized by a fixed energy greater than 230MeV. However modern therapy methodology often requires fast modulation of the beam both from intensity and energy. The energy modulation is typically implemented with a passive device namely energy degrader. Unfortunately, when this device changes the energy, it also...
A superconducting cyclotron, namely CYCIAE-230, is developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) as a proton source for cancer therapy. As proton therapy is a very demanding application for beam stability, it is very important to control the isochronism for the cyclotron. In the daily operation of the accelerator, the accumulation of phase slip should be limited. In general, there are...
The observations of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGF) from ground today are still a challenge since there is not much ground detectors are built for detecting those energetic bursts. Inherit from the detector design of the IGOSat nanosatellite, we are proposing a new project to develop a payload and a platform for measuring gamma-rays from 100 keV up to 2 MeV. The payload contains a...
The SC200 Facility in Hefei, China, will implement a protontherapy installation. It consists of a 200 MeV superconducting cyclotron, one Gantry treatment room and one fixed beam room. Both treatment rooms are equipped with a two dimensional magnetic scanning system. The facility is currently being assembled and first beam is expected in early 2020.
The control system for the cyclotron...
The Fast timing detector is widely used for its picosecond (ps) level time resolution, such as the small MCP-PMTs with about 50ps@ SPE, some fast SiPM with about 100ps@SPE. The time characteristics of these types of fast timing photodetector refer to rise time, fall time and electron transition time of the output signal. The transition time is the interval from the generation of photoelectrons...
Poloidal field power supply (PFPS) is an important subsystem of EAST (Experimental Advanced Super—conducting Tokamak), the archiving system of is essential. The monitor system of PFPS is running on Linux operation system, based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System), and the HMI (Human Machine Interface) is CSS (Control System Studio). Archive is a plugin of CSS, used to...
Integration of control and data access to industrial components implies the need to handle a myriad of multiple proprietary interfacing mechanisms. OPC UA, the Industry 4.0 sponsored standard for communication, entices us with a promise of a single, well supported integration system. OPC UA is based on modern concepts, such as service-oriented architecture (SOA) and adoption of information...
The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) multi detector spectrometer will provide precise information for the study of the properties of the exotic nuclear matter (very unbalanced proton (Z) and neutron (N) numbers) along proton- and neutron- drip lines and of super-heavy nuclei. This is done using the latest technology of particle accelerators. The AGATA spectrometer consists of a 180 high...
A real-time data-driven disruption prediction algorithm has been implemented in the Plasma Control System (PCS) of the EAST superconducting tokamak. Disruptions are dangerous, unforeseen events and they can cause extreme damage to the plasma facing components via rapid (on the order of milliseconds) release of the magnetic stored energy and plasma current. Therefore, a real-time warning system...
Accurate plasma shape control is the basis of tokamak plasma experiments and physical research. Modeling of the linearized control response of plasma shape and position has been widely used for shape controller design in the last several years. But it usually contains much of the uncertainty, such as structured uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. EAST tokamak plasma shape controller design...
In high energy physics experiments, large-scale pixel arrays are desired because of the requirements in accurate measuring time and position in the effective detector range. When pixel detectors form a unified module in a limited area, multi-controller interconnections and pixel array control interfaces become the bottlenecks to prevent application of larger pixel arrays. This paper proposes a...
Liquid scintillation counting(LSC) is widely used in the absolute radioactivity measurement for its advantages in no-self-absorption, simple sample preparation and relatively easy application to many radionuclides, for example, to 60Co and 134Cs. Base on the existing liquid scintillation testing platform and self-developed acquisition system, we could obtain the energy spectrum and time...
This paper presents a non-uniform multiphase (NUMP) time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with automatic temperature compensation in real time. NUMP-TDC is a novel low-cost, high-performance TDC that has achieved an excellent (2.3-ps, root mean square) timing precision in Altera Cyclone V FPGA. However, the time delays of the delay chains in some...
Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) is a new reversed field pinch (RFP) plasma scientific device at the University of Science and Technology of China. Resistive wall modes (RWMs) and tearing modes (TMs) of RFP configuration limit the increase of discharge duration.
The objective of this paper is to introduce a new electronics design that is a main part of magnetic field active control system. The...
The CMS experiment at the LHC selects events with a two-level trigger system, the Level-1 (L1) trigger and the High Level trigger (HLT). The HLT reduces the rate from 100 kHz to about 1 kHz and has access to the full detector readout and runs a streamlined version of the offline event reconstruction. During LHC Run-2 the peak instantaneous luminosity reached values up to 2x10^34 cm-2.s-1,...
The COMET experiment aims to search for the neutrinoless muon to electron transition process. The online trigger system is an integral part of reaching the sensitivity levels required and will be located in the detector region where high levels of neutron radiation are expected. Consequently a significant number of soft errors in the digital logic of the on board field programmable gate arrays...
Considering the increasing number of cancer patients, China has built its carbon ion therapy facility, which has been officially put into clinic treatment in August 2020. The beam monitoring system in the therapy facility ensures the beam energy deposition can accurately cover the dedicated tumor region and the correct dose can be delivered. Hence, a precise and non-invasive real-time beam...
The muon campus program at Fermilab includes the Mu2e experiment that will search for a charged-lepton flavor violating processes where a negative muon converts into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus, improving by four orders of magnitude the search sensitivity reached so far.
Mu2e’s Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses otsdaq as its solution. Developed at...
The RIBF DAQ system is used for researches of unstable nuclear physics at RI Beam Factory in RIKEN [H.Baba et al., Nucl.Instr.Meth.A 616, 65 (2010)]. This system can take the data of CAMAC and VME standard modules such as QDC, TDC, ADC from front-end-computers. Recently, the new MOCO (mountable controller) and the MPV (MOCO with parallelized VME) system have been developed [H.Baba et al.,...
This paper describes a FADC Readout system developed for the tap water α/β dose monitoring system which is based on EJ444 phoswich scintillation detector and wavelength shifting fiber readout. The Readout system contains dual sampling channels that can supply sampling rate up to 1 GSPS, 14-Bit vertical resolution and adequate effective number of bits (9.7 Bits at 10 MHz), which is optimum for...
The CDEX (China Dark matter Experiment) aims at detection of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) and 0vbb (Neutrinoless double beta decay) of 76Ge. It now uses ~10 kg HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detectors in CJPL (China Jinping Underground Laboratory). The energy resolution of detectors is calculated via height spectrum of waveforms with 6-µs shaping time. It is necessary to know how...
As the leading research platform of heavy-ion science in China, the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) provides heavy-ion beams for research on nuclear physics and related applications. The beam monitoring system in HIRFL ensures the beam can be delivered in an accurate manner. The full image of the beam energy deposition is needed for accurate beam calibration, thus a Monolithic...
Pixel array chips are widely used in physical experiments. The data rate of the pixel array chip can be considerably high (640Mbps for Topmetal-M), and the analog output is generally converted to a digital value by a low-precision ADC at the output end. When analyzing the quantized data for online pattern recognition, neural networks and deep learning are promising methods to perform on-site...
Shanghai Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility (SHINE) aims at producing the X-ray pulses in the photon energy range from 3 keV to 25 keV, which is under construction. To target the design purpose, SHINE requires high precise distribution of the clock and timing signals over distance of about 3.1 km. Based on the standard White Rabbit (WR) precision time protocol, this paper presents a...
White Rabbit is a deterministic Ethernet-based network for general purpose data transfer and sub-nanosecond time synchronization in large distributed systems, which has been used for the new control system of the injector chain at CERN. White Rabbit mainly uses optical fiber and LC optical fiber connector for data transmission between White Rabbit devices. The commercial off-the-shelf copper...
