24th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics
University of Surrey
The next European conference on few-body problems in physics (EFB24) will be held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom, from 2 to 6 September 2019. This will be the 24th edition of this conference series which has previously taken place in Aarhus (2016), Krakow (2013), Salamanca (2010) and Pisa (2007).
Like the previous conferences, this conference will give a possibility to present and discuss recent developments in the field of few-body systems - that is, systems which can be understood in terms of a few effective degrees of freedom. This Conference will focus on recent developments in the field of few-body systems, in the following areas:
Conference topics
- Hadrons and particles
- Nuclei and hypernuclei
- Electroweak processes
- Atoms and molecules
- Cold atoms and quantum gases
- Few-body methods
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17:00
Welcome Drinks Reception
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17:00
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08:30
Registration & Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 1 Monday
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1
Observation of Efimov states in ultracold atoms
Efimov states form in a three-body system when the pair-wide interactions are resonantly enhanced. Predicted by Vitaly Efimov in 1970, first Efimov state was observed in 2006 in ultracold cesium atoms near a Feshbach resonance. Since then, dozens of Efimov states have been identified in cold alkali and helium atoms.
In this talk, I will describe the intriguing history of the observation of the first Efimov state, unexpected Efimov universality, confirmation of Efimov geometric scaling, and various extensions of Efimov physics to complex systems.
Speaker: Cheng Chin (University of Chicago) -
2
Exotic structures in exotic nuclei
The advent of new generation radioactive beam facilities has provided for a rather complete mapping of the nuclear landscape up to mass number 30. Among all the so-called exotic nuclei (not found on Earth), some very neutron-rich ones exhibit properties that are in fact exotic: extended matter distributions, few-body resonances, extreme neutron to proton ratios... In this talk we will illustrate some of these examples with recent results obtained at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) of the RIKEN Nishina Center in Japan.
Speaker: Dr F. Miguel Marqués (LPC-Caen, France) -
3
Constraining Hyperon-Nucleon and Hyperon-Hyperon interactions with femtoscopy in ALICE
Pioneering studies by the ALICE Collaboration demonstrated the potential of employing femtoscopy to investigate and constrain hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions with unprecedented precision. This kind of interaction is particularly interesting since it is closely connected to the physics of neutron stars. In particular, one of the plausible hypotheses about the content of neutron stars is that, in addition to neutrons, hyperons might be contained in the core. To obtain a better understanding of the composition of these objects, a detailed knowledge of the interactions between the constituents becomes mandatory. Such femtoscopic analyses are complementary to previous attempts to study the interaction with scattering experiments, which are difficult to perform due to the unstable nature of hyperon beams.
In this contribution, we present measurements from the ALICE Collaboration in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at √s$_{\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The small size of the particle-emitting source in these collision systems is particularly well suited to study short-ranged strong potentials. The data samples collected by the ALICE experiment enable studies of the p-p, p-Λ and Λ-Λ correlations, and additionally make it possible to probe the interaction of more exotic pairs such as p-K, p-Ξ, p-Σ$^0$ and p-Ω. Newly developed analysis tools allow for a comparison of the measured correlation function between the particle pairs of interest to theory predictions using either potentials or wave functions as an input. This enables us to verify chiral and lattice calculations of the interaction and to constrain the corresponding scattering parameters.
Speaker: Andreas Mathis (Technische Universität München (DE))
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1
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10:45
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 2 Monday
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4
Ultra cold chemistry using the R-matrix method
A quiet revolution is occurring at the border between atomic physics and experimental quantum chemistry. Techniques for producing cold and ultracold molecules are enabling the study of chemical reactions and heavy-particle scattering at the quantum scattering limit with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel leading to the observation and even full control of state-to-state collisions in this regime.
We have developed a new R-matrix-based formalism for tackling problems involving low- and ultra-low energy collisions between heavy particles. This
formalism is completely general and could prove transformative in its scope. It is particularly appropriate for slow collisions occurring over deep potential energy wells which support many bound ro-vibrational states. These systems also support many quasibound or resonance states which make them hard to treat theoretically but offer the best prospects for novel physics.The R-matrix method involves dividing space into an inner and outer region. In our method, the inner region exploits codes for performing high-accuracy variational nuclear-motion calculations of molecular spectra which have bee developed over many years in my group. The codes have already be used to compute wavefunctions up to and above dissociation. These variational nuclear motion methods are used to provide wavefunctions (both bound and continuum) for the whole system at short internuclear distances only. These collision-energy-independent, inner-region wavefunctions are then used to construct collision-energy-dependent R-matrices which can then be propagated to asymptotia.
Progress on the project will be described including results of test
calculations on ultra-low energy Ar -- Ar and O -- He collisions, as well as studies of polyatomic collision systems.Speaker: Jonathan Tennyson (University College London) -
5
Solutions of the Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations for five-nucleon systems
Rigorous solution of the few-particle scattering problem is one of the most complex and important problems of Quantum Mechanics. In early 60’s Faddeev formulated the t-matrix approach [1], providing a mathematically rigorous description of the three-particle scattering problems governed by short-ranged interactions. This formalism has been generalized by Yakubovsky [2] to any number of particles. Regardless presence of the formal theory – progress in solution of Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations (FYe’s) is slow and only very recently rigorous numerical solution of a five-body problem has been achieved by this formalism [3].
In this presentation I will shortly describe the numerical tools employed to solve FYe’s in configuration space. Then some recent applications will be presented. In particular, related to low energy neutron scattering on $^4$He by involving hadronic parity violation. As well possible existence of the resonant states in $^5$H nucleus will be studied. Modern realistic nuclear Hamiltonians are employed in describing these five-nucleon systems.
[1] L.D. Faddeev, Sov. Phys. JETP12, 1014 (1961).
[2] O. A. Yakubovsky, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.5, 937 (1967).
[3] R. Lazauskas, Phys. Rev. C 97, 044002 (2018).Speaker: Dr Rimantas Lazauskas (IPHC, Strasbourg) -
6
The molecular nature of some exotic hadrons
The exciting discovery by LHCb of the $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$ pentaquarks, or the suggestion of a tetraquark nature for the $Z_c(3900)$ state seen at BESIII and Belle, have triggered a lot of activity in the hadron physics field, with new experiments planned for searching other exotic mesons and baryons, and many theoretical developments trying to disentangle the true multiquark nature from their possible molecular origin. After a brief review of the present status of these searches, in this talk I will present a theoretical model that points towards the possible interpretation of some of the $\Omega_c$ states recently seen at LHCb as being hadron molecules. The model also predicts the existence of quasibound meson-baryon $\Xi_{cc}$ states, which would be excited states of the recently observed ground-state double-charmed baryon, with a mass of 3261 MeV, by LHCb. Predictions of the model for the bottom sector will also be discussed.
Speaker: Prof. Angels Ramos (University of Barcelona and ICC)
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4
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Lunch
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Parallel Session Monday: Atoms and Molecules
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7
Three-body systems in novel two-dimensional materials
Studies related to the formation and calculations of the properties of positively ($ehh$) and negatively ($eeh$) charged trions in two-dimensional (2D) materials, which includes transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) [1], silicene, germanene, and stanene (Xenes) [2], and phosphorene are presented. We provide the current status of the theoretical and experimental research and recent calculations. It is demonstrated that the reduction of dimensionality itself necessitates a change to the formalism, and requires the modification of the bare Coulomb potential to account for non-local screening effects. The screening effects, resulting from the host lattice, make the Coulomb force between charge carriers much weaker than in atomic systems. Results of calculations of the binding energy of trions in these materials by using the Rytova-Keldysh (RK) potential [3] are presented.
We study the binding energies of trions in suspended two dimensional monolayers of TMDC in the framework of the effective-mass model by employing the method of hyperspherical harmonics in configuration space [1,4]. The trion fine structure, based on formation of intravalley trions in spin singlet and intervalley trions in triplet states and their stability is addressed. We study the binding energies of trions in Xenes by solving the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with the RK potential and field-dependent charge carrier masses and demonstrate that an external electric field can be used to tune the eigenenergies of trions by changing the effective mass of charge carriers. To understand the importance of dielectric screening on the formation of trions, we perform calculations of the binding energy for trions in 2D materials placed in three different dielectric environments: suspended in vacuum, supported on different substrates, and encapsulated by dielectric. The analysis and comparison of our results for the binding energies of trions with experimental data and those calculated via different theoretical methods are presented.
This work is supported by US Department of Defense under Grant No.
W911NF1810433 and PSC CUNY under Grant Award # 62261-00 50.[1] R. Ya. Kezerashvili, Sh. M. Tsiklauri, Few Body Syst.
58, 18 (2017).
[2] I. Filikhin, R. Ya. Kezerashvili, Sh. M. Tsiklauri, B.
Vlahovic, Nanotechnology 29, 124002 (2018).
[3] L. V. Keldysh, Sov. Phys. JETP 29, 658 (1979). \noindent
[4] I. Filikhin, R. Ya. Kezerashvili, Sh. M. Tsiklauri, B.
Vlahovic, Nanotechnology 29, 124002 (2018).Speaker: Roman Kezerashvili (City University of New York) -
8
Accuracy of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and universality in a one-dimensional three-body system
We study a three-body system confined to one space dimension, consisting of two identical, non-interacting, heavy particles and a light particle with arbitrary mass ratio interacting with the two heavy particles. In this talk we focus on a contact heavy-light interaction, and therefore apply the exact integral equations of Skorniakov and Ter-Martirosian, in order to obtain the three-body energy spectrum together with the corresponding wave functions. The accuracy of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is then studied by comparing both spectrum and wave functions to the exact results. In addition, we present a proof showing that the results of the contact interaction are universal, if the underlying two-body system is tuned on resonance.
Speaker: Lucas Happ (Universität Ulm) -
9
Universal Short Range Correlations in Bosonic Helium Clusters
Short-range correlations in bosonic Helium clusters, composed of $^4$He atoms, are studied utilizing the generalized contact formalism. The emergence of universal $n$-body short-range correlations, associated with the repulsive $1/r^{12}$ part of the Lennard-Jones potential, is formulated and demonstrated numerically via Monte Carlo simulations. The values of the $n$-particle contacts are evaluated for $n\le5$. In the thermodynamic limit, the two-body contact is extracted from available experimental measurements of the static structure factor of liquid $^4$He at high momenta, and found in a good agreement with the value extracted from our calculations.
Speaker: Betzalel Bazak -
10
Link between the complex rotation resonances and scattering matrix resonances
We consider a multichannel Schroedinger operator with binary channels and a three-body Hamitonian with pairwise interactions. Being written in the momentum representation, both of these operators are subject to the complex deformation, a kind of inhomogeneous complex rotation/scaling. Isolated non-real eigenvalues of the complexly deformed Hamiltonians are called the complex rotation resonances. For a class of rapidly decreasing and momentum-space analytic interactions, we prove that the complex rotation resonances do correspond to the scattering matrix resonances, that is, to the poles of the scattering matrix analytically continued to the respective unphysical sheet. Our proofs employ the explicit representations [1,2] (see also [3,4]) that express the T- and S-matrices on unphysical energy sheets through the values of those same matrices only taken in the physical sheet. We think the proofs we give are more transparent than the ones found in the literature (see [5] and references therein). To make the presentation even more illustrative, we first give the proofs in the simplest possible case --- for the Friedrichs-Faddeev model [6].
[1] A.K.Motovilov, Theor. Math. Phys. 95, 692 (1993).
[2] A.K.Motovilov, Math. Nachr. 187, 147 (1997).
[3] A.K.Motovilov, Few-Body Syst. 38, 115 (2006).
[4] A.K.Motovilov, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 77, 453 (2014).
[5] G.A.Hagedorn, Commun. Math. Phys. 65, 181 (1979).
[6] L.D.Faddeev, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. (Ser. 2) 62, 177 (1967).
Speaker: Prof. Alexander K. Motovilov (BLTP, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research)
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7
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Parallel Session Monday: Few-Nucleon Systems
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11
Investigations of the Few-Nucleon Systems \newline within the LENPIC Project
Results presented in this contribution are obtained within the Low Energy Nuclear Physics International Collaboration (LENPIC). In the project manifesto [1]. it has been stated that LENPIC aims to develop chiral effective field theory nucleon-nucleon and many-nucleon interactions complete through at least fourth order in the chiral expansion (N3LO). Using these interactions, LENPIC's intent is to solve the structure and reactions of light and medium-mass nuclei including electroweak observables with consistent treatment of the corresponding exchange currents. Further plans include high precision calculations of heavier nuclei and infinite nuclear matter with various versions of nuclear interactions derived from chiral effective field theory.
In the contribution the current status of the chiral nuclear forces [2-4] and current operators [5-6] will be briefly discussed. A special emphasis will be put on recent calculations of the elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering and nucleon-induced deuteron breakup processes [7]. Fully consistent results for ground and low-lying excited states of light nuclei ($ A \le 16$) at next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory using semilocal coordinate-space regularized two- and three-nucleon forces [8,9] will also be presented.
Finally, calculations performed with various chiral potentials for selected electroweak processes [10] will be reported.References
[1] The LENPIC website: http://www.lenpic.org/
[2] E. Epelbaum, H. Krebs, and U.-G. Meißner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 122301 (2015).
[3] E. Epelbaum, H. Krebs, and U.-G. Meißner, Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 53 (2015).
[4] P. Reinert, H. Krebs, and E. Epelbaum, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 86 (2018).
[5] H. Krebs, E. Epelbaum, U.-G. Meißner, arXiv:1610.03569 [nucl-th], Annals Phys. 378, 317 (2017).
[6] H. Krebs, E. Epelbaum, U.-G. Meißner, arXiv:1902.06839 [nucl-th].
[7] H. Witała et al., Few-Body Syst. 60, 19 (2019).
[8] S. Binder et al., (LENPIC Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 98, 014002 (2018).
[9] E. Epelbaum et al., (LENPIC Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 99, 024313 (2019).
[10] R. Skibiński et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 064002 (2016).Speaker: Jacek Golak (M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University) -
12
Tracing a few-fermion system inside the unitary window
We analyse the behaviour of few-fermion systems having 1/2 spin-isospin symmetryclose to the unitary limit, the limit in which the scattering length takes values much bigger than the typical length of the system. In the case of nucleons, the large values of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths locate the system naturally close to the unitary limit. Using a potential model with variable strength, set to give controlled values to the singlet and triplet scattering lengths and the triton binding energy, we study the spectrum of $A=2,3,4,6$ nuclei in the region between the unitary limit and their physical values. In particular we analyse how the values of the binding energies emerge from the unitary limit forming the observed levels. To this end we consider the system with and without the Coulomb interaction and with a without a three-body force paying particular attention to the four-fermion excited state.
Speaker: Dr Alejandro Kievsky (INFN) -
13
Four-nucleon continuum: from near-threshold resonances to intermediate-energy collisions
Recent developments in four-nucleon scattering calculations will be presented. They are based on the Faddeev-Yakubovsky-type equations for transition operators that are solved in the momentum-space partial-wave representation. Their solution is complicated due to the presence of kernel singularities corresponding to open many-cluster channels. This difficulty becomes most evident if two-cluster channels are absent, as in 4n system, and at intermediate energies where breakup channels dominate. These cases will be discussed in detail.
Speaker: Dr A Deltuva (Vilnius U.) -
14
Derivation of relativistic Yakubovsky equations under Poincare invariance
Recently, higher chiral-order nucleon-nucleon potentials have been developed with the chiral effective fields theory [1]. The three-body Faddeev equation had been extended by involving three-body forces [2]. The four-body Yakubovsky equations have also been extended as well [3]. In order to increase the accuracy of not only its two-body forces but also three-body forces, it is indispensable to study not only three-body systems but also four-nucleon systems using ab initio calculation.
Moreover, it is not ignorable that the effect of relativity in high energy region. We have been studying that in the proton-deuteron scattering the effect reveals at the backward of the scattering angle for the elastic process and three-body breakup [4]. It is, of course, expected that such a relativistic effect also appears in case of four-nucleon system.
I would like briefly to present my oral that I explain the Faddeev-Yakubovsky four-body equations including the three-body force [3]. Furthermore, these equations are extended in the framework of relativity. As the result we have the following coupled equations with three-body force $W$,
$\alpha = -G_0{T}PP_{34} \alpha + G_0 { T} P \beta +(G_0+G_0{ T})(G_0+G_0 t^\alpha)W(-P_{34}P +\tilde P)( \alpha -P_{34} \alpha +\beta),$
$\beta = G_0 \tilde T \tilde P G_0 (1-P_{34}) \alpha, $
where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are Yakubovsky components for 1+3 and 2+2 partitions, respectively, $G_0$ is Green's function, $T$, $\tilde T$ are transition matrices for 1+3 and 2+2 partitions, respectively. $P (\equiv P_{12}P_{23}+P_{13}P_{23})$, $\tilde P(\equiv P_{13}P_{24})$ and $P_{34}$ are permutation operators. Detail is written in [3]. In particular, these transition matrices are the solutions of the following equations,
${ T}=\tau + \tau G_0 { T}$,
$\tau \equiv t^\alpha P+ (1+t^\alpha G_0)W(1+P),$
$\tilde T=t^\beta + \tilde T \tilde P G_0 t^\beta,$
where $t^\alpha$ and $t^\beta$ are 2-body transition matrix which are relativistically boosted depending on the partition sub-systems in the four-body system.
[1] P. Reinert, H. Krebs, E. Epelbaum, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 86 (2018).
[2] D. Hueber, H. Kamada, H. Witala, W. Gloeckle, Acta Phisica Polonica B28 1677 (1997).
[3] H. Kamada, to be appeared in Few-Body Syst. (2019). (DOI :10.1007/s00601-019-1501-4)
[4] H. Witala, J. Golak, R. Skibinski, W. Gloeckle, H. Kamada, W.N. Polyzou, Phys. Rev. C 83, 044001 (2011).Speaker: Prof. Hiroyuki Kamada (Kyushu Institute of Technology)
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11
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Parallel Session Monday: Short-range Correlations in Nuclei
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15
Short-range nucleon correlations studied with electron and photon probes.
The Glasgow Nuclear Physics research group has maintained a long interest in few-body physics, studying two- and three-body nucleon-nucleon interactions using real and virtual photons at the Mainz 1.6 MeV Microtron (A1, A2 collaborations) and at the Jefferson Laboratory 12 GeV accelerator (CLAS collaboration). Initial work at Mainz looked at the role of neutron-proton correlations in a range of light nuclei to investigate experimentally observed reduced nucleon occupancies compared to shell model predictions. The observed pair-momentum distributions were found to be sensitive to short-range nucleon–nucleon (SRC) interactions. Experiments with polarised photons provided a sensitive method to study SRC and indicated correlations were also present in the much weaker proton-proton pair emission channel. The role of three-body forces was studied using electron scattering measurements on 3He and by looking at three-nucleon emission reactions. More recent work at Jefferson Lab has focussed on SRC at higher energies in heavier nuclei. This work has investigated the isospin dependence of SRC and suggested a connection between SRC and the EMC effect, in which the structure function F2(xB,Q2) observed in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) on nucleons bound in heavy nuclei is reduced at high xB, and high Q2, compared to the same structure function on unbound nucleons.
Speaker: Prof. Douglas MacGregor (University of Glasgow) -
16
Measurement of the ratio of the nucleon structure functions, F2n/ F2p, from electron deep inelastic scattering off the A=3 mirror nuclei.
Preliminary results from a Jefferson Lab (JLab) experiment on electron deep inelastic scattering (DIS) from the 3H and 3He mirror nuclei will be presented. The experiment (MARATHON, “MeAsurement of the F2n/ F2p, d/u RAtios and A=3 EMC Effect in Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering Off the Tritium and Helium MirrOr Nuclei”) took data for 70 days in the period January-April 2018 in the Hall A Facility of JLab, using an 11 GeV electron beam, two High Resolution Spectrometers, and a high-pressure 2H/3H/3He target system. The experiment has measured DIS cross section ratios for 2H, 3H and 3He. It will determine, using a new novel method, free of theoretical uncertainties present in previous SLAC measurements, the ratio of the F2n/F2p structure functions of the neutron and proton, and extract the d/u ratio of the up and down quark probability distributions in the proton. The results from the experiment are expected to test predictions of the quark model of the nucleon and of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, and to constrain the nucleon’s parton distribution function parametrizations needed for the interpretation of high energy collider data. The experiment will also determine precisely the EMC effect of the two A=3 mirror nuclei. The results are considered essential for the explanation of the EMC effect, which describes the modification of the nucleon structure functions in the nuclear medium.
(Work supported by the United States National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1714809)Speaker: Jason Bane (University of Tennessee) -
17
Latest results concerning short range correlations obtained in the dp elastic and dp breakup processes at Nuclotron, JINR.
Deuteron spin structure program is aimed on extraction of two and three nucleon forces information, including their spin dependent parts, from dp elastic and dp breakup processes investigated at intermediate energies. The dp elastic data were obtained at Internal Target Station of Nuclotron (JINR) in the energy range of 400-1800 MeV using polarized deuteron beam. Angular dependencies of the vector Ay and tensor Axx and Ayy analyzing powers below deuteron energy of 1000 MeV at large scattering angles are presented. Strong sensitivity to the short range spin structure of the isoscalar nucleon-nucleon correlations is observed in deuteron analyzing powers. Preliminary results of the cross section for the dp breakup reaction have been obtained in the energy range from 300 - 500 MeV of the incoming deuteron. Results are obtained for various detector configurations, in which the sensitivity to the three nucleon correlations and relativistic effects are assumed.
Speaker: Dr Marian Janek (Zilina University, Physics Dept.) -
18
Theoretical study of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off 4He
In recent times, it has become clear that inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering does not allow to fully understand few fundamental issues about the nuclear partonic structure, such as the origin of the EMC effect. These difficulties can be overcome considering a new generation of experiments at high energy and high luminosity [1] involving exclusive scattering processes. Among them, deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) is a very promising direction for unveiling the 3 dimensional nuclear structure. The first experimental DVCS data considering an $^4$He target have become recently available at the Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) where, for the first time, the coherent [2] and incoherent channels of the process have been successfully disentangled .
The accuracy of the present and expected data is such to require sophisticated studies to properly evaluate conventional nuclear physics effects, using the state-of-the-art wave functions accounting for realistic nucleon-nucleon potential including three-body forces. Since the $^4$He nucleus is the lightest system showing the dynamical features of a typical atomic nucleus and realistic calculations, although challenging, are possible, this nucleus is a paradigmatic system. For both DVCS channels, we studied the handbag contribution to the process in impulse approximation. Within this scenario, for the coherent DVCS contribution [3], a convolution formula for the only leading twist Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) describing the $^4$He partonic structure is derived in terms of the non-diagonal nuclear spectral function of $^4$He and on the GPD of the struck nucleon. A model for the off-diagonal spectral function, based on the momentum distribution corresponding to the Av18 potential [4], is used in the actual calculation together with a well known model as far as concerns the nucleonic GPD [5] . Then, the numerical results of this approach are compared with the experimental data published by the EG6 experiment at Jlab [2], showing an overall good agreement. The results obtained allow to conclude that the description of the present data does not require exotic arguments, such as dynamical off-shellness or non-nucleonic degrees of freedom.Calculations of the relevant observables for the incoherent DVCS channel, starting from the DVCS cross section for an initially moving nucleon embedded in the $^4$He target, will be addressed. Finally, more refined nuclear calculations, with a view to the next generation of experiments at the JLab12 and at the future electron-ion collider, will be described.
[1] R. Dupré and S. Scopetta, Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 159 (2016).
[2] M. Hattawy, et al., CLAS collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 202004 (2017).
[3] S. Fucini, S. Scopetta, and M. Viviani, Phys. Rev. C. 98, 015203 (2018).
[4] M. Viviani, A. Kievsky, and A. S.Rinat, Phys. Rev. C 67, 034003 (2003).
[5] S. V. Goloskokov and P. Kroll, Eur. Phys. J. C 53, 367 (2008).Speaker: Sara Fucini (INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics)
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15
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15:45
Afternoon Coffee
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Parallel Session Monday: Few-Nucleon Systems
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19
Measurement of Spin Correlation Coefficients in ${\it p-}$$^{3}$He Scattering at 65 MeV
Few-nucleon scattering offers good opportunities to investigate dynamical aspects of the three-nucleon forces (3NFs), such as momentum, spin, and iso-spin dependencies. The nucleon-deuteron scattering at intermediate energies ($E/A \sim 100~\rm MeV$) has provided a solid basis to nail down detailed properties of 3NFs [1.], however, the total isospin channel of the 3NFs is limited to ${\it T =}$ 1/2. Recently importance of the iso-spin dependence of 3NFs has also been pronounced for understanding of nuclear system with larger-isospin asymmetry, e.g. neutron-rich nuclei [2.] and neutron matter [3.]. The ${\it p-}$$^{3}$He scattering is an attractive probe since this system is the simplest one in which the 3NFs in the channels of total isospin ${\it T =}$ 3/2 can be studied. In order to explore the properties of three-nucleon forces via ${\it p-}$$^{3}$He scattering, we have performed the measurements of spin observables at 65 MeV by using the newly developed polarized $^{3}$He target and the polarized proton beam.
The experiment was performed at RCNP, Osaka University. Polarized proton beams were accelerated up to 65 MeV by the AVF cyclotron, and bombarded the polarized $^{3}$He target. The typical beam polarization was $p_{y}^{\uparrow}\sim50\%$, $p_{y}^{\downarrow}\sim20\%$. The scattered protons were detected by ${\it E-dE}$ detectors which consisted of NaI(Tl) and plastic scintillators. The measured angles were 47, 89, and 133 degrees in the center of mass system.
The results of the spin correlation coefficient $C_{y,y}$ are shown in Fig.1. The statistical errors are shown only. The data are compared with the rigorous numerical calculation of the four-nucleon scattering based on the modern nucleon-nucleon potential [4.]. Here the INOY04 potential [5.] is taken into account. Clear differences are found around 90 degree.
[1.] K. Sekiguchi ${\it et~al.}$, Phys. Rev. C ${\bf 65}$, 034003 (2002).
[2.] S. C. Pieper ${\it et~al.}$, Phys. Rev. C ${\bf 64}$, 014001 (2001).
[3.] A. Gandolfi, ${\it et~al.}$, Phys Rev C ${\bf 85}$, 032801 (2012).
[4.] A. Deltuva, private communications.
[5.] P. Doleschall, Phys Rev. C ${\bf 69}$, 054001 (2004).
Speaker: Ms Minami Inoue (Tohoku univ., Japan) -
20
Studies of the star configurations at intermediate energies with the use of the BINA detector
Andrzej Wilczek for the BINA collaboration between
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Krakow, Poland
Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, PL-41500 Chorzow, Poland
Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw, PL-02093 Warsaw, PolandThe Space Star Anomaly (SSA) [1] is a long-lasting discrepancy between differential cross-section measured for deuteron-proton breakup at 13 MeV and the theoretical predictions. The Space Star denotes a specific configuration where momenta of the reaction products form an equilateral triangle perpendicular to the beam momentum in the centre-of-momentum frame. The analyses for the other star configurations differing from the Space Star by the inclination angle of the triangle showed that the discrepancy disappears as a function of absolute difference of the inclination angle from the perpendicular case.
So far, there is no systematic studies of SSA at intermediate energies. The single measurement at 65 MeV suggests no anomaly and increased sensitivity to relativistic effects [2]. A scan over beam energies performed for a wide set of star configurations including the Space Star can shed light on the SSA problem and also on the role of relativistic effects in description of the breakup reaction. It is interesting to see, whether the effect persists at energies of the order of 100 MeV.
The data on deuteron-proton breakup measured with the BINA experimental setup are well-suited for such an analysis. In the first stage the data collected at the deuteron beam energy of 160 MeV were analysed. The star configurations at different inclination angles in the centre-of-momentum frame were identified and simulated in order to find the feasibility of the analysis. Then, cross-sections were calculated for star configurations. The angular resolution of the central and backward part of the BINA detector is limited by the granularity of the scintillator. Therefore, simulations were performed to study the averaging of kinematic configurations over the detector elements. Finally, the cross-sections were compared with the theoretical description given by the state-of-the-art calculations and they quality of agreement will be discussed in this contribution.
[1] J. Strate et al. Nucl. Phys. A 501, 51 (1989)
[2] J. Zejma et al. Phys. Rev. C 55, 42 (1997)Speaker: Andrzej Gabriel Wilczek (University of Silesia (PL)) -
21
Dynamical effects in deuteron-proton reaction at 100 MeV
For the BINA collaboration between
Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, PL-40007 Katowice, PolandExperimental studies of the deuteron-proton system at medium beam energies expose various dynamical ingredients, like three-nucleon force (3NF) and Coulomb force, which play an important role in correct description of observables (e.g. cross section). The experimentally determined differential cross sections for elastic scattering and breakup constitute the basis for testing various theoretical approaches [1 - 4] to model the interaction in three-nucleon systems. Moreover, studies of the dp breakup reaction at low energy are very crucial for testing The Chiral Perturbation Theory [5] (as soon as calculations for the nucleon-deuteron breakup reaction at low energies became available).
During presentation the differential cross sections for two main reaction channels (elastic scattering and breakup) of deuteron-proton system at beam energy of 100 MeV will be presented. The experiment has performed at KVI in Groningen, with the use of the forward part of the BINA detector [6]. The data will be compared to theoretical calculations with including the 3NF and Coulomb force effects.[1] H. Witała, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1183.
[2] A. Deltuva, et al., Phys. Rev. C 68 (2003) 024005.
[3] S.A. Coon, et al., Few-Body Syst. 30 (2001) 131.
[4] A. Deltuva, et al., Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 064002.
[5] E. Epelbaum, et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 19 (2004) 125; ibid. A 19 (2004) 405.
[6] N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki et al., Rep. Progr. Phys. 75 (2012) 016301.Speaker: Izabela Skwira-Chalot (Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw) -
22
Differential Cross Section for Proton Induced Deuteron Breakup at 108 MeV
Studies of few-nucleon system dynamics is the basis for understanding of nuclear interactions and properties of nuclei.
The very accurate theoretical calculations for three nucleon systems should be confronted with a rich set of systematic experimental data. For this purpose a series of measurements of deuteron breakup in collision with proton was conducted in KVI Groningen and FZ-Julich. These studies confirmed the important role of the Three-Nucleon Force (3NF) and huge influence of Coulomb interaction between protons [1-3]. However, some discrepancies persist, indicating that our present understanding of the problem is not yet perfect [4-6].
The origin of the discrepancies is not known. At intermediate energies, they can be possibly attributed to deficiencies of current 3NF models or to lack of fully relativistic calculations. Continuation of the studies in a wide range of energies, at the regions of the maximum visibility of the certain effects, are necessary. For this purpose, the BINA (Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis) detection system has been installed at CCB (Cyclotron Center Bronowice).
The BINA setup is designed to study the elastic and breakup reactions at intermediate energies. It consist of the liquid target facility and the low threshold detector covering nearly 4π solid angle, enabling studies of almost full phase space of these reactions [4,7].
The data analysis and results of the first experimental run of proton-induced deuteron breakup at beam energy of 108 MeV performed at Cyclotron Center Bronowice PAS in Cracow will be presented. Differential cross section determined for a set of kinematic configurations will be compared to state of the art theoretical calculations.[1] I. Ciepał et al., Few-Body Syst. 56 665 (2015).
[2] St. Kistryn et al., Phys. Rev. C, 68 054004 (2003).
[3] St. Kistryn et al., Phys. Rev. C, 72 044006 (2005).
[4] St. Kistryn, E. Stephan, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 40, 063101 (2013).
[5] K. Sagara, Few-Body Syst. 48, 59 (2010).
[6] N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, E. Epelbaum, J.G. Meschendorp, A. Nogga, Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 016301 (2012).
[7] A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, 014006 (2008).Speaker: Mrs Angelina Łobejko (University of Silesia) -
23
Studies of Few-Nucleon Systems via $^2H(dn)p$ Deuteron Breakup Reaction.
Few-nucleon systems are the basic laboratories for studying the mechanisms of interactions between nucleons. In three-nucleon systems, at intermediate energy, below the pion production threshold, the effects of three-nucleon forces (3NF) are generally small and hard for experimental study. To take a step forward into larger system, a four-nucleon (4N) were studied, where sensitivity to the 3NF effects becomes higher.
Experiments devoted to studies of 3NF were carried out at the KVI in Groningen in the Netherlands. The BINA detector system collected a set of high precision data of the deuteron breakup reaction with the use of 160 MeV deuteron beam. The detector has been designed to detect charged reaction products, mainly protons and deuterons. A number of techniques have now been developed to allow direct registration of neutron. Using the time-of-flight method and signal asymmetry in the scintillators, we were able to reconstruct the neutron momentum from the collected data. Using this information, the new reaction channel $^2H(dn)p$ were measured. Having determine the differential cross-section for this reaction one can compare it with analyzed $^2H(dp)n$ channel [1, 2] at the same kinematic conditions and direct study the coulomb effect and possible charge symmetry breaking, like it was suggested in [3].
The results covering sample distributions of differential cross section of $^2H(dn)p$ reaction as well as important steps in neutron detection methods will be presented.References
[1] I. Ciepał et al. Phys. Rev. C 99 (2019) 14620.
[2] G. Khatri et al., Acta Phys. Pol., B47 (2016) 411.
[3] C. R. Howell et al., Phys. Rev. C 48 (1993) 2855.Speaker: Bogusław Włoch (Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS)
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19
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Parallel Session Monday: Hadrons and particles: Hadrons and Particles
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24
Mesons with charm and bottom quarks in a covariant quark model
We calculated bound states of quark-antiquark systems in which at least one of the constituents is a charm or bottom quark. We use a Minkowski-space formalism known as the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST), which, for example, has been successfully applied in exact relativistic calculations of two- and three-nucleon systems based on one-boson-exchange dynamics. It is also used quite extensively in phenomenological quark-diquark descriptions of baryons. The basic idea of the CST is to approximate the integration over the energy-component of the loop four-momentum in the Bethe-Salpeter equation by neglecting residues of poles in the kernel and keeping only those of the constituent particle propagators. This approximation can be shown to converge to the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation with the complete kernel (with all ladder and crossed-ladder diagrams) when one of the two particles becomes infinitely heavy. It should therefore be particularly well suited for the case of heavy and heavy-light mesons.
We use a covariant interaction kernel that consists of a Lorentz vector one-gluon exchange and a covariant generalization of a linear confining interaction with a mixed Lorentz structure, containing an equal-weight scalar+pseudoscalar term, and a vector term, whose relative weights can be changed through an adjustable parameter. In principle, scalar and pseudoscalar interactions break chiral symmetry, but in our formalism it is possible to include such interactions and still satisfy the constraints of chiral symmetry.
By fitting various sets of experimental masses of the heavy and heavy-light meson spectrum, we found that very good agreement can be achieved by adjusting a small number of global model parameters. It turned out that the relative weight of scalar+pseudoscalar versus vector confinement is not much constrained by the mass spectrum. In addition to the masses, we also calculated the corresponding relativistic wave functions, which are then used to calculate meson decay constants, some of which have been measured with high precision. We also investigated how much our results change when a fixed strong coupling constant $\alpha_s$ is replaced by a running coupling $\alpha_s(Q^2)$, and how much they depend on details of our regularization scheme.
Speaker: Alfred Stadler (University of Évora) -
25
The charged $Z_c$ and $Z_b$ structures in a constituent quark model approach
The nature of the recently discovered $Z_c$ and $Z_b$ structures is intriguing. On the one hand, in the charm sector, the $Z_{c}(3900)^\pm$ and $Z_{c}(4020)^\pm$ were discovered in the $\pi J/\psi$ and $D^\ast\bar D^{(\ast)}+h.c.$ invariant mass spectra. Their nature is puzzling due to their charge, which forces its minimal quark content to be $c\bar c u\bar d$ ($c\bar c d\bar u$). Additionally, their strong coupling to channels such as $\pi J/\psi$ and the closeness of their mass to $D^\ast\bar D^{(\ast)}$-thresholds stimulates both a molecular interpretation or a coupled-channels threshold effect. On the other hand, in the bottom sector, the well-established $Z_{b}(10610)$ and $Z_{b}(10650)$ states couple to $B^{(\ast)}B^{\ast}$-channels and are heavy enough to assume that they should contain a constituent $b\bar{b}$-pair. Moreover, they are charged and hence they must also have another constituent light quark-antiquark pair, namely $u\bar{d}$ $(Z_{b}^{+})$. Their minimal structure would be then $b\bar{b}u\bar{d}$, which automatically qualifies them as an (exotic) bottomonium-like meson. Thus, in all cases, it is necessary to explore four-quark systems in order to understand their inner structure.
In this work we perform a coupled-channels calculation of the $I^G(J^{PC})=1^+(1^{+-})$ charm and bottom sectors in the framework of a constituent quark model [1,2] which satisfactorily describes a wide range of properties of (non-)conventional hadrons containing heavy quarks [3]. All the relevant channels are included for each sector: The $D^{(\ast)}\bar D^{\ast}+h.c.$, $\pi J/\psi$ and $\rho\eta_c$ channels for the $Z_c$ [4] and $B^{(\ast)}B^{\ast}$ and $\Upsilon(nS)\pi$ ($n=1,2,3$) channels for the $Z_b$ analysis. Results will be discussed.
[1] J. Vijande, F. Fern\'andez and A. Valcarce, J. Phys. G31, 481 (2005).
[2] J. Segovia, P. G. Ortega, D. R. Entem and F. Fern\'andez, Phys. Rev. D93,
074027 (2016).[3] P. G. Ortega, D. R. Entem and F. Fern\'andez, J. Phys. G40, 065107 (2013).
[4] P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem and F. Fern\'andez, Eur. Phys. Jour. C 79:78 (2019).
Speaker: Dr Pablo Garcia Ortega (University of Salamanca) -
26
Generalized parton distribution functions of $\rho$ meson
Both unpolarized and polarized generalized parton distribution functions (GPDs) of the $\rho$ meson are clculated with the help of a light-front quark model [1-2]. The contributions to the form factors and generalized parton distributions from the valence and nonvalence regimes are discussed and analyzed. Comparing to the available experimental data and Lattice calculation, we find that the present phenomenological model is reasonable to describe the general properties of $\rho$ meson.
[1]Baodong Sun and Yubing Dong, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 96}, 036017 (2017).
[2]Baodong Sun and Yubing Dong, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 99}, 016023 (2019).Speaker: Prof. Yubing Dong (Institute of High Energy Physics)
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24
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Parallel Session Monday: Clustering in Nuclei
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27
Impact of uncertainties of unbound $^{10}$Li on the ground state of two-neutron halo $^{11}$Li
Since the discovery of the neutron halos, they have gained extensive attention of the nuclear physics community. Particularly two-neutron halo systems, consisting of a core and two weakly bound valence neutrons, demand a three-body description with proper treatment of continuum. The stability of such three-body ($\rm{core}+n+n$) system is linked to the continuum spectrum of the two-body ($\rm{core}+n$) subsystem. Although $^{11}$Li is the first observed two-neutron halo four decades ago. Since then a lot of experimental and theoretical studies have been reported on structure of the $^{11}$Li. Recently role of $^{10}$Li resonances is investigated in the halo structure of $^{11}$Li via $^{11}$Li$(p,d)$$^{10}$Li transfer reaction at TRIUMF [1] and at same facility the first conclusive evidence of a dipole resonance in $^{11}$Li having isoscalar character has been reported [2, 3]. These new measurements and the sensitivity of core+n potential with structure of three-body system, are the motivation for selecting $^{11}$Li for the present study.
For this study we use our recently implemented three-body structure model for the ground and continuum states of the Borromean nuclei [4, 5]. Within this framework, we start from the solution of the unbound subsystem and the two-particle basis is constructed by explicit coupling of the two single-particle continuum wave functions. We will present the results on the ground-state properties and two-neutron correlations in $^{11}$Li with different choices of the $^{9}$Li +n potential. We compare our findings with the more recent experimental works and the theoretical work that has been done in the past. We also present the $^{9}$Li +n potential dependence on the configuration mixing in the ground state of 11Li.
[1] A. Sanetullaev et al., Phys. Lett. B 755, 481-485 (2016).
[2] R. Kanungo, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 192502 (2015).
[3] J. Tanaka et al., Phys. Lett. B 774, 268-272 (2017).
[4] Jagjit Singh et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 209 (2016).
[5] Jagjit Singh et al., arXiv:1808.09635 [nucl-th] (2018).Speaker: Dr JAGJIT SINGH (Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan) -
28
19B isotope as a 17B-n-n three-body system in the unitary limit
Motivated by the recent experimental observation of an extremely large scattering length for the n-17B system [1], we present a model describing the n-17B virtual state and the 19B bound isotope in terms of a 17B-n-n 3-body system, in which the two 2-body unbound subsystems 17B-n and n-n are close to the unitary limit. A n-17B local interaction is parametrized in order to reproduce the near-threshold virtual state observed in [1] as a function of the scattering length, and results are explored within the range as<-50 fm allowed by experiment. The binding energy of the 19B ground state is found to be in agreement with the experimental value [2] using only two-body potentials. The possible existence of resonant states is also discussed, as well as the eventual relation with Efimov physics and the extension of this work to heavier B isotopes [3].
[1] A. Spyrou et al, Physics Letters B 683 (2010) 129.
[2] L. Gaudefroy et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 202503.
[3] S. Leblond et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 262502.Speaker: Jaume Carbonell (CNRS) -
29
Clustering in $^{18}$O – absolute determination of branching ratios via high-resolution particle spectroscopy
Nuclear clustering is of great interest to the nuclear physics community as it allows complicated systems of many nucleons to be reduced to a few-body system, enabling the modelling of nuclei beyond where a traditional description of a nucleus would prove computationally challenging, as well as providing a good test of theoretical models. An experiment utilising the $^{12}$C($^{7}$Li, $p$)$^{18}$O* reaction was performed at Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory (MLL) in Munich by von Oertzen et al. [1] which discovered 30 new states in $^{18}$O. Using these in conjunction with previously determined states, rotational bands were proposed. Some of these bands were suggested to have cluster structures previously suggested by both theoretical and experimental work, such as $^{14}$C ⨁ $α$ and $^{12}$C ⨁ 2$n$ ⨁ $α$ [2-5]. In order to determine the validity of these assertions an experiment was performed, again at MLL with the $^{12}$C($^{7}$Li, $p$)$^{18}$O* reaction. This time, the Q3D magnetic spectrograph was used in conjunction with the Birmingham DSSD array to enable the high-resolution reconstruction of decay fragments from $^{18}$O* to determine absolute branching ratios of each high-energy excited state. The study also enabled a comparison of their α reduced widths to the Wigner limit to ascertain both the tendency towards α-clustering and consistency across the proposed rotational bands. This presentation will detail the final results of the analysis.
[1] W. von Oertzen et al. Eur. Phys. J. A, 43:1733, 2010.
[2] N. Curtis et al. Phys. Rev. C, 66:024315:110, 2002.
[3] H.T. Fortune. Phys. Rev. C, 18:1053, 1978.
[4] K.P. Artemov. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 37:805, 1983.
[5] G.L. Morgan. Nucl. Phys. A, 148:480, 1970.Speaker: Stuart Pirrie (University of Birmingham) -
30
Deuteron-Alpha Scattering in a Three-Body Approach
Single particle transfer reactions (d,p) involving rare isotopes continue to be an important tool for extracting nuclear structure information such as asymptotic normalizations coefficients, and contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of the reactions. The (d,p) reaction may be viewed as a three-body n+p+A problem in which the deuteron and the nucleus A act as participants in the reaction. It is advantageous to consider this reaction within a momentum space Faddeev framework, which allows treating all channels on the same footing, independent if the nucleus is heavy or light.
As first application we concentrate on the deuteron-alpha system, for which we calculate d+alpha elastic scattering below and above the three-body breakup threshold, as well as exclusive break-up cross section in several configurations. The interactions in the respective two-body subsystems are given by multi-rank separable representations of realistic interactions based on the Ernst-Shakin-Thaler formulation, which have also been successfully applied in calculating the ground state of Lithium-6 as three-body system. We benchmark the calculations employing separable representations of the forces in the subsystems against calculations in which those forces are used directly and find excellent agreement for relatively moderate basis sizes in the separable expansion.Speaker: Charlotte Elster (Ohio University)
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27
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08:30
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08:30
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 1 Tuesday
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31
Skyrmions and clustering in light nuclei
It is almost 60 years since Skyrme introduced his model of nuclei as topological solitons (Skyrmions) in a nonlinear pion theory. I shall review the Skyrme model and discuss some of the successes and failures of Skyrmions. In particular, I will describe some recent work that yields improved results for binding energies and clustering in light nuclei, by extending the standard theory of Skyrmions to include the next lightest subatomic meson particles traditionally neglected. Related Skyrmions in magnetic materials will also be briefly discussed.
Speaker: Prof. Paul Sutcliffe (Durham University) -
32
Lattice simulations for nuclei, ultracold atoms, and ions
I give a brief tour of recent applications of lattice simulations using the framework of effective field theory. The topics to be covered are first principles calculations of nuclear structure and reactions, ultracold atoms in the unitarity limit, and discrete scale invariance in trapped ion quantum simulators.
Speaker: Prof. Dean Lee (Michigan State University) -
33
Nucleon structure from Lattice QCD and future prospects
We present recent results on the structure of the nucleon using simulations carried out within the framework of lattice QCD. These simulations are performed with physical values of the quark masses yielding results that can be directly compared with experimental results. A complete calculation of the contributions of quarks and gluons to the spin of the nucleon explains the so-called spin puzzle of the proton. First results on the direct determination of nucleon parton distribution functions hold to the promise for an ab initial computation of these important quantities.
Speaker: Prof. Constantia Alexandrou (University of Cyprus and The Cyprus Institute)
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31
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10:45
Morning Coffee
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Special Session: in memoriam of Roy GlauberConvener: Prof. Jim Al-Khalili (University of Surrey)
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34
Roy Glauber and asymptotic diffraction theory
I shall present a review of Glauber’s asymptotic diffraction theory, in which diffractive scattering is described in terms of interference between semiclassical amplitudes, resulting from a stationary-phase approximation to the integration over impact parameters. Typically two such amplitudes are sufficient to accurately describe elastic scattering, but the stationary points are located at complex values of the impact parameter. Their separation controls the interference pattern, and their offset from the real axis determine the overall fall-off with momentum transfer. Asymptotically, at large momentum transfers, the stationary points move towards singularities of the profile function. I shall also present some reminiscences from my collaboration with Roy.
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35
The eikonal model of reactions involving exotic nuclei; Roy Glauber's legacy in today’s nuclear physics
In the late 1950s, Roy Glauber introduced the eikonal approximation within quantum-collision theory [1]. Since then, it has been applied to a wide variety of cases, ranging from atomic physics to particle physics. In nuclear physics, the interest in this model of reactions has been revived by the development of Radioactive-Ion Beam (RIB) facilities, where nuclear structure can be probed far from stability. In such facilities, the structure of radioactive nuclei is mostly studied through reactions. An accurate model of reactions is thus needed to reliably infer nuclear-structure information from reaction measurements. The eikonal model introduced by Roy Glauber has been widely used to study the single-particle structure of exotic nuclei through knockout reactions at high energy [2]. It also provides a very reliable model of reactions involving halo nuclei at intermediate and high energy [3,4].
In this contribution, after a brief presentation of the eikonal approximation, I will review its use in modern nuclear physics and the exciting results this model of reactions has enabled today’s nuclear physicists to obtain far from stability. In addition, I will discuss the various improvements that have been introduced to extend its range of validity, e.g., to include the dynamics of the projectile within the model of the reaction [3,4,5], to use it al low beam energy [6,7,8], or to include relativistic effects at high energy [9,10].
This series of examples illustrates the impact the eikonal approximation introduced by Roy Glauber sixty years ago has had, and certainly will continue to have, in the exciting and developing field of nuclear-reaction theory.References:
[1] R. J. Glauber, High Energy Collision Theory, in Lecture in Theoretical Physics, edited by W. E. Brittin and L. G. Dunham (Interscience, New York, 1959), vol. 1, p. 315.
[2] P. G. Hansen and J. A. Tostevin, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci 53, 219 (2003).
[3] K. Ogata, M. Yahiro, Y. Iseri, T.Matsumoto, and M. Kamimura, Phys. Rev. C 68, 064609 (2003).
[4] D. Baye, P. Capel, and G. Goldstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 082502 (2005).
[5] J. Margueron, A. Bonaccorso, and D. M. Brink, Nucl. Phys. A720, 337 (2003).
[6] J. M. Brooke, J. S. Al-Khalili, and J. A. Tostevin, Phys. Rev. C 59, 1560 (1999).
[7] T. Fukui, K. Ogata, and P. Capel, Phys. Rev. C 90, 034617 (2014).
[8] C. Hebborn and P. Capel, Phys. Rev. C 98, 044610 (2018).
[9] C. A. Bertulani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 072701 (2005).
[10] L. Moschini and P. Capel, Phys. Lett. B790, 367 (2019).Speaker: Pierre Capel (Universität Mainz)
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34
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12:35
Lunch
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Atoms and Molecules
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36
Donor impurities in silicon as a platform for few-body problems: donor excitation and donor-donor interactions
Shallow donor impurities in silicon, once frozen out at low temperature, share many properties in common with free hydrogen atoms, with a single electron orbiting a singly positively charged ion core. Phosphorus donors in silicon show extremely long spin relaxation lifetimes making them very attractive for encoding quantum information, and the orbitals are very large, suggesting good prospects for precise control over interactions between neighbours. We have demonstrated temporal coherent control of orbital superpositions, using photon echoes, Ramsey interference and donor-donor interactions etc. Since silicon doped with phosphorus (Si:P) is an industry standard dopant, the technology for electrical contacting for initialization, gating and readout is pretty well established. Si:P can now be placed in a device, with a precision approaching the bond length, using a scanning-probe-based lithography technique. At Surrey we have been developing a complementary nanometer-scale implantation facility with much greater flexibility in species (at the price of trade-off with precision), and are now beginning to be able to produce spatial control required for few-body experiments. I will describe the donor-donor interaction experiments performed so far (on randomly arranged donors) and progress on deterministic placement.
Speaker: Benedict Murdin (University of Surrey) -
37
Energy spectrum of excitons in semiconductor quantum wells
The electron-hole bound states (excitons) in the semiconductor quantum wells (QW) are remarkable examples of Coulomb systems, in which the external potential of the heterostructure plays a role of the third particle, thus making such a system to be a three-body one. The exciton states and the exciton-light coupling in heterostructures with QWs have been experimentally and theoretically studied for several decades [1,2,3]. The quality of heterostructures is continuously growing and experimental samples with excellent properties have recently become available in many laboratories. Measurements of the reflectance spectra of the high-quality heterostructures show that the accurate data on the exciton energies and radiative as well as nonradiative broadenings can be easily obtained [4,5]. In this context, the high quality of samples requires the improved precision of theoretical modeling of the exciton states and resonances. Therefore, such problems gradually draw attention of the few-body community [6,7].
In this report, we present the results of an accurate modeling of the exciton states as well as the corresponding radiative decay rates. The energies of the ground and excited states of excitons in GaAs-based finite square QWs of various widths and alloy compositions are calculated. This type of QWs is widely experimentally and theoretically studied now as a model heterostructure. Determination of the exciton states is achieved by studying the three-dimensional Schroedinger equation for the exciton in a QW and analysing the spectrum of the Schroedinger operator. The eigenvalue problem is solved numerically using the finite-difference discretization scheme [5] and properly taking into account the discontinuities of the material parameters at the interfaces of the QW [8]. We show that the numerical method is asymptotically exact, thus it allows us to obtain accurate exciton states for a wide range of QW widths and potential profiles [9]. The calculated bound states of electron-hole pairs in GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs QWs are classified according to their quantum-confinement and Coulomb nature [10]. The accurate radiative decay rates for the calculated s-like exciton states are obtained for QW widths up to 100 nm. Calculated data are confronted with the experimental reflectance spectra measured for high-quality InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with QWs. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-72-20039) is acknowledged. The calculations were carried out using the facilities of the Computational Center of SPbU.
[1] G. Bastard, E. E. Mendez, L. L. Chang and L. Esaki, Phys. Rev. B 26 (1982) 1974.
[2] R. C. Iotti, L. C. Andreani, Phys. Rev. B 56 (1997) 3922.
[3] E. L. Ivchenko, Optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructure} (Harrow: Alpha Sci. Int., 2005).
[4] A. V. Trifonov et al., Phys. Rev. B 91 (2015) 115307.
[5] E. S. Khramtsov, P. A. Belov, P. S. Grigoryev et al., J. Appl. Phys. 119 (2016) 184301.
[6] O. L. Berman, G. Gumbs, and R. Ya. Kezerashvili, Phys. Rev. B 96 (2017) 014505.
[7] R. Combescot, Phys. Rev. X 7 (2017) 041035.
[8] P. A. Belov, E. S. Khramtsov, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 816 (2017) 012018.
[9] P. S. Grigoryev, A. S. Kurdyubov, M. S. Kuznetsova et al., Superlatt. Microstr. 97 (2016) 452.
[10] P. A. Belov, Semiconductors 52 (2018) 1791.Speaker: Pavel Belov -
38
Theory of three and four body quantum dots in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
In latest years, there have been a promptly increasing number of experimental and theoretical publications focusing on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) crystals. Quantum dots TMD have the potential to combine the essential features of both optically active and electrically defined quantum dots. Strong electron–hole binding in TMDs suggests that it would be possible to obtain a discrete spectrum due to trapping of trions and biexcitons in strong electric or magnetic fields. The properties of the charged excitons and biexcitons in a parabolic quantum dot in an external magnetic field are studied using an effective-mass Hamiltonian. The Hamiltonian is written in terms of the center of mass and relative coordinates. The Schrödinger equation for electron – hole systems in a quantum dot in a magnetic field was solved in the framework of the hyperspherical functions method. We assume that electrons and holes are interacted via Ritova- Keldysh potential [1]. It is shown that the ground state properties are approximately determined by that part of the total Hamiltonian that depends only on relative coordinates.
[1]. N. S. Rytova, Proc. MSU Phys., Astron. 3, 30, (1967); L.V.Keldysh, JETP Lett. 29, 658, (1979).Speaker: Dr Shalva Tsiklauri (The City University of New york-BMCC) -
39
Dipolar condensed atomic mixtures and miscibility under rotation
By considering symmetric and asymmetric dipolar coupled mixtures (with dysprosium, erbium and rubidium isotopes), we reporta study on relevant anisotropic effects, related to spatial separation and miscibility, due to dipole-dipole interactions (DDI) in rotating binary dipolar mixtures Bose-Einstein condensates [1].
The binary mixtures are kept in strong pancake-shaped trap, with repulsive two-body interactions modeled by an effective two-dimensional coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The DDI are tuned from repulsive to attractive by varying the dipole polarization angle. A clear spatial separation is verified in the densities for attractive DDI, being angular for symmetric mixtures and radial for asymmetric ones. Another relevant outcome is the observed mass-imbalance sensibility verified by the vortex-pattern binary distributions in symmetric and asymmetric-dipolar mixtures, which requires the use of a relation for nonhomogeneous mixtures to estimate the miscibility of two components.References:
[1] R.K. Kumar, L. Tomio and A. Gammal,
Spatial separation of rotating binary Bose-Einstein condensates by tuning the dipolar interactions, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 99}, 043606 (2019); id.,
Vortex patterns in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate mixtures with squared optical lattices, J. Phys. B 52, 025302 (2018);
R.K. Kumar, L. Tomio, B.A. Malomed and A. Gammal,
Vortex lattices in binary Bose-Einstein condensates with dipole-dipole interactions, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 96}, 063624 (2017).Speaker: Prof. LAURO TOMIO (UNESP)
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36
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Few-Nucleon Systems
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40
Few-Nucleon System Dynamics Studied via Deuteron-Deuteron Collisions at 160 MeV
According to our present knowledge the modern nucleon-nucleon forces based on the meson-exchange theory are unable to reproduce the experimental data for the systems with A>2. One needs to include additional piece of dynamics in the calculations, so-called three-nucleon force (3NF) [1,2]. To investigate the nature of 3NF the proton-deuteron breakup reaction characterized by very rich kinematics of the final state was explored in the medium energy region [1-3]. The interpretation of the experimental data is possible due to rigorous calculations of three nucleon (3N) observables potentials. In heavier systems composed of four nucleons (4N) the 3NF effects are expected to be larger in comparison to 3N. This makes the experimental studies more attractive, however the theoretical treatment of 4N scattering is much more complicated and challenging than for 3N systems due to e.g. variety of entrance and exit channels, various total isospin states etc. [4]. The calculations in the 4N field are mainly developed by three groups: Pisa [5], Grenoble-Strasbourg [6] and Lisbon [4]. Only the Lisbon group calculates observables for multichannel reactions, also above the breakup threshold, and with the Coulomb force included. The development of exact numerical calculations for four-nucleon breakup are still distant in time given complexity of the problem. The first estimate calculations for the d-d system at higher energies were performed in the so-called single-scattering approximation (SSA) for the three-cluster breakup and elastic scattering [7]. Moreover, the experimental data for four-body breakup are very scarce [8,9,10], especially for exclusive measurements.
In this talk a set of data for differential cross section of the 2H(d, dp)n breakup [8], d-d elastic scattering and 2H(d, 3He)n transfer [9] reactions measured with the BINA@KVI setup at 160 MeV will be presented. The breakup data will be compared with the recent SSA calculations [7]. In addition, the scheme of analysis of the exclusive d-d three-body and four-body breakup data collected with the WASA@COSY detector at 350 MeV will be outlined.
References
[1] N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki et. al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 016301 (2012).
[2] S. Kistryn, E. Stephan, J. Phys. G 40, 063101 (2013).
[3] I. Ciepał et al., Few-Body Syst. 56, 665 (2015).
[4] A. C. Fonseca, A. Deltuva, Few-Body Syst. 58, 46 (2017).
[5] A. Kievsky et al., J. Phys. G 35, 063101 (2008).
[6] R. Lazauskas, J. Carbonell, Phys. Rev. C 79, 054007 (2009).
[7] A. Deltuva, A. C. Fonseca, Phys. Rev. C 93, 044001 (2016).
[8] I. Ciepał et al., arXiv:1901.10737v1[nucl-ex].
[9] I. Ciepał et al., Phys. Rev. C 99, 014620 (2019).
[10] A. Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani et al., Phys. Lett. B725, 282, (2013).Speaker: Izabela Ciepał (H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS) -
41
Quasi-free limit in the deuteron-deuteron three-body break-up process
Detailed measurements of five-fold differential cross sections and a rich set of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 2H(~d, dp)n break-up scattering process are presented. The data were obtained using a polarized deuteron-beam with an energy of 65 MeV/nucleon impinging on a liquid-deuterium target. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4π-detection system. The main focus of this contribution is to determine the quasi-free limit in dd scattering which corresponds to the elastic deuteron-proton scattering process. To achieve this, events for which the final-state deuteron and proton are coplanar have been analyzed and the data have been sorted for various reconstructed momenta of the missing neutron. In the limit of vanishing neutron momentum and at small deuteron-proton momentum transfer, the data match very well with measured and predicted spin observables of the elastic deuteron-proton scattering process. The agreement deteriorates rapidly with increasing neutron momentum and deuteron-proton momentum transfer.
Speaker: Prof. Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki (KVI-CART, University of Groningen) -
42
Measurement for $p$--$^3$He elastic scattering with a 65 MeV polarized proton beam
One of the most important topics of nuclear physics is to describe various nuclear phenomena based on the nucleon-nucleon interactions combined with three-nucleon forces (3$N$Fs). 3$N$Fs are key elements to understand various nuclear phenomena, e.g. binding energies of light mass nuclei [1] and the equation of state of nuclear matter [2]. In the last decades, the study of 3$N$Fs effects has been extensively performed in deuteron--proton ($dp$) scattering at intermediate energies ($E/A$ $\gt60$ MeV). Rigorous numerical Faddeev calculations of the 3$N$ scattering by using $NN$ potentials as well as 3$N$Fs models have made it possible to compare the data to the theoretical calculations. Consequently, the first evidence of 3$N$Fs effects has been found in the $dp$ scattering system [3]. As an extension of 3$N$Fs study, it should be interesting to see how 3$N$Fs act in $p$--$^3$He scattering system. In this system, one could study 3$N$Fs effects in 4$N$ scattering. Also one could approach to 3$N$Fs with the channels of the total iso-spin $T=3/2$.
In order to study 3$N$Fs effects in $p$--$^3$He elastic scattering, we performed the measurement of the cross section and the proton analyzing power $A_y$ at 65 MeV with a polarized proton beam at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. The gaseous $^3$He target was bombarded by a polarized proton beam, and scattered protons were detected by using the $E-\Delta E$ detectors which consisted of plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillators. Measured angles were $20^{\circ} - 165^{\circ}$ in the laboratory system ($26.9^{\circ} - 170.1^{\circ}$ in the center of mass system). The typical beam polarizations were 50 % throughout the experiment. We also measured the cross section for $pp$ elastic scattering with the same experimental setup in order to estimate the overall systematic uncertainties.
In the conference, we will report on the obtained data combined with the theoretical calculations.
[1] S. C. Pieper ${\it et\ al.}$, Phys. Rev. C ${\bf 64}$, 014001 (2001).
[2] A. Akmal, V. R. Pandharipande, and D. G. Ravenhall, Phys. Rev. C ${\bf 58}$, 1804 (1998).
[3] K. Sekiguchi ${\it et\ al.}$, Phys. Rev. C ${\bf 65}$, 034003 (2002).Speaker: Mr Shinnosuke Nakai (Tohoku Univ.) -
43
Measurement of $^3$He analyzing power for $p-^3$He scattering using the polarized $^3$He target
The three-nucleon force (3NF) is essentially important to clarify various nuclear phenomena, such as the binding energy of light mass nuclei [1], the equation of state of nuclear matter [2] and few-nucleon scattering systems [3]. The isospin $T=3/2$ components of the 3NF also play an important role in many-nucleon systems especially for neutron-rich nuclei as well as neutron matter properties. The $p-^3$He scattering is one of the simplest prove for studying the $T=3/2$ components of the 3NF. With the aim of exploring the properties of the 3NF we are planning the measurement of $^3$He analyzing power for $p-^3$He scattering with the polarized $^3$He target at intermediate energies ($E/A \ge 65~{\rm MeV}$). Polarized $^3$He was produced by the alkali-hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping method. To measure the $^3$He polarization and control $^3$He spin directions, we used the adiabatic fast passage-NMR method. We obtained the absolute value of the $^3$He polarization and calibrated the NMR signal by the electron spin resonance measurement of Rb. The maximum $^3$He polarization was $\sim 50~\%$ in our system.
Using the polarized $^3$He target, we performed the measurement of $^3$He analyzing power at CYRIC ($E_p = 70~{\rm MeV}$) and RCNP ($E_p = 100~{\rm MeV}$) in Japan. Measured angles were $\theta_{\rm lab.} = 35^\circ - 125^\circ$ ($\theta_{\rm c.m.} = 46^\circ - 141^\circ$) at CYRIC and $\theta_{\rm lab.} = 35^\circ - 135^\circ$ ($\theta_{\rm c.m.} = 47^\circ - 149^\circ$) at RCNP respectively. Proton beams were injected to the target, and scattered protons were detected by using $E-\Delta E$ detectors which consisted of plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillators. During the experiment, we measured the $^3$He polarization and flipped the spin directions of $^3$He nucleus by using the AFP-NMR method. We extracted $^3$He analyzing power by measuring the asymmetry of elastically scattered protons from the polarized $^3$He target. In the conference we report recently results of the experimental data.
[1] S. C. Pieper $\it et~al.$, Phys. Rev. C $\bf 64$, 014001 (2001).
[2] A. Akmal $\it et~al.$, Phys. Rev. C $\bf 58$, 1804 (1998).
[3] N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki $\it et~al.$, Rep. Prog. Phys. $\bf 75$, 016301 (2012).Speaker: Mr Atomu Watanabe (Tohoku University)
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40
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Short-Range Correlations in Nuclei
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44
Study Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction with Short Range Correlation
Electron scattering experiments demonstrate that about 20% of the nucleons in nuclei have momentum greater than the nuclear Fermi momentum. This is predominantly due to close-proximity neutron-proton pairs, which interact via a strong short-range force. I will discuss these close-nucleon in few body systems and their importance to the study of nucleon-nucleon interaction, neutron stars, and the modification of the internal structure of nucleons bound in nuclei.
Speaker: Eli Piasetzky (Tel Aviv University) -
45
Towards Renormalization Invariant Equation of State of Nuclear Matter
The current paradigm to describe the nuclear interaction is within the frame of Chiral Effective Field Theory (χEFT) which organizes contributions to nuclear observables in a series of decreasing importance. Within this framework the leading contribution already requires to solve exactly the many-body Schrödinger equation with a particular Hamiltonian. Nevertheless, such calculations are numerically intractable for A-body observables whenever A ≫ 10.
Consequently, following the EFT program to describe infinite nuclear matter, and in particular its Equation of State (EoS), appears to be challenging. In this talk I will focus in particular on Many-body Perturbation Theory (MBPT) and more generally on many-body approximations that can be expressed as a sum of perturbation diagrams. Such additional approximations depart from the original EFT program. The goal of this talk is thus to emphasize the impact of many-body approximation on the renormalization invariance of many-body observables. I will also present new formal developments that pave the way to a systematic approach for renormalization-invariant many-body calculations. In practice, these developments could lead, in the near future, to a reduction of systematic theoretical uncertainties of nuclear many-body observables.
Speaker: Dr Mehdi Drissi (University of Surrey) -
46
Bogoliubov Many-Body Perturbation Theory
The last few decades in nuclear structure theory have seen a rapid expansion of ab initio theories, aiming at describing the properties of nuclei starting from the inter-nucleonic interaction. Limited for a long time to very light nuclei, they are now able to access nuclei with up to A ~ 100 particles. Such an expansion relied both on the tremendous growth of computing power and novel formal developments, with methods scaling polynomially with the number of particles.
The recently proposed Bogoliubov Many-Body Perturbation Theory [1] makes use of a particle-number-breaking reference state to tackle singly open-shell nuclei and capture pairing correlations, while dynamical correlations are accounted for perturbatively through quasiparticle excitations truncated in a systematic way. While BMBPT is presently used as a stand-alone approach, it eventually provides the first step towards the implementation of the particle-number projected BMBPT (PNP-BMBPT) which exactly restores good particle number at any truncation order.
As the number of contributions to be considered grows very rapidly with the perturbative order, the development of the present diagrammatic formalism has been associated to the production of an open-source software [2] generating and evaluating contributions at arbitrary truncation orders, with implications possibly extending to quantum chemistry and condensed matter communities.
Systematic ground-state energies along complete isotopic chains from oxygen up to tin have been computed using a standard chiral effective field theory Hamiltonian. Low-order BMBPT calculations performed on the basis of a soft interaction were found to agree at the 2% level with state-of-the-art non-perturbative many-body methods at a small fraction of the computational cost [3]. They establish BMBPT as a method of interest for large-scale computations of isotopic or isotonic chains in the mid-mass sector of the nuclear chart, be it for the systematic pre- or post-diction of nuclear properties or the test of newly developed Hamiltonians.
[1] T. Duguet and A. Signoracci, J. Phys. G 44, 015103 (2017).
[2] P. Arthuis, T. Duguet, A. Tichai, R.-D. Lasseri and J.-P Ebran, Comput. Phys. Comm.,
in press (2018).
[3] A. Tichai, P. Arthuis, T. Duguet, H. Hergert, V. Somà and R. Roth, Phys. Lett. B 786, 195-200 (2018).Speaker: Dr Pierre Arthuis (University of Surrey) -
47
Nuclear short range correlations and universality
Few years ago it was suggested by S. Tan that the properties of cold and dilute quantum gases depend on a new characteristic quantity, the
contact'', that describes the probability of two particles coming close to each other. Generalizing this concept to nuclear physics interesting relations between e.g. the 1-body, 2-body momentum distributions, and the 2-body density can be derived. In my talk I will present Tan’scontact'' and its generalization to nuclear and molecular systems. I will introduce the various nuclear contacts, and their applications to analyse electron scattering experiments.Speaker: Nir Barnea (The Hebrew University)
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44
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15:45
Afternoon Coffee
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Atoms and Molecules
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48
Revealing missing charges in few-body cold-atom systems with generalised quantum fluctuation relations
The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems is one of the most fascinating problems in physics, with outstanding open questions on issues such as relaxation to equilibrium. An area of particular interest concerns few-body systems, where quantum and thermal fluctuations are expected to be more relevant and play an important role in the efficient design of novel quantum nano-devices.
In this talk, I will present a new set of exact relations between out-of-equilibrium fluctuations and equilibrium properties of a quantum system. Then, I will illustrate its application to reveal the conserved quantities (or ‘charges’) constraining the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a few-body system implementing the Dicke model with a state-of-the-art cold-atom system [2,3].
[1] J. Mur-Petit, A. Relaño, R. A. Molina & D. Jaksch, “Revealing missing charges with generalised quantum fluctuation relations”, Nature Communications 9, 2006 (2018).
[2] D. Blume, “Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps”, Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 046401 (2012).
[3] S. An et al., “Experimental test of the quantum Jarzynski equality with a trapped-ion system”, Nature Phys. 11, 193 (2015).Speaker: Dr Jordi Mur-Petit (University of Oxford) -
49
A coherent superposition of Feshbach dimers and Efimov trimers.
We show a powerful experimental technique to study Efimov physics at positive scattering lengths in a gas of ultracold atoms. We use the Feshbach dimers as a local reference for Efimov trimers by creating a coherent superposition of both states. Measurement of its coherent evolution provides information on the binding energy of the trimers with unprecedented precision and yields access to previously inaccessible parameters of the system such as the Efimov trimers' lifetime and the elastic processes between atoms and the constituents of the superposition state.
Speaker: Lev Khaykovich (Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University) -
50
Phase Transitions of an Ultracold Gas in a Quasicrystalline Potential
The recent experimental advancement to realise ultracold gases scattering off a quasicrystalline optical potential [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 110404 (2019)] heralds the beginning of a new technique to study the properties of quasicrystal structures. Quasicrystals possess long-range order but are not periodic, and are still little studied in comparison to their periodic counterparts. Ultracold
atoms are well described by Bose-Hubbard models when loaded into an optical lattice. Here, we consider an ultracold bosonic gas loaded into an eight-fold symmetric optical lattice. We study the ground state phases of the system, with particular interest in the local nature of the phases. We observe the usual Mott-insulator, superfluid, density wave, and supersolid phases of the standard
and extended Bose-Hubbard model. For non-zero long-range interactions we observe density waves that have spontaneously broken the quasicrystal symmetry, and can even possess no rotational symmetry. We find the local variation in the number of nearest neighbours to play a vital role in the phase transitions, local structure, and global symmetries of the ground states. This variation in the number of nearest neighbours is not a unique property of the considered eight-fold optical lattice, and we expect our results to be generalisable to any quasicrystalline potential where there are only small variations in on-site energy.Speaker: Mr Dean Johnstone (Heriot-Watt University) -
51
The nodal structure of wave functions with non-local potentials
The nodes theorem provides a relation between the quantum number of a given bound state and the number of nodes of its wave function. We describe here a family of non-local potentials, with analytical known solutions, whose spectra can be modified at will. For these potentials, there is no relation between the quantum number of a state and its number of nodes. The existence of these potentials suggests that the nodes theorem is not valid when non-local interactions are considered.
Speaker: Dr Arnau Rios (Surrey)
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48
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Hyperon interactions and hypernuclei
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52
Exploring the Unknown $\Lambda n$ Inteaction
No published data for $\Lambda n$ scattering exist. A relativistic heavy-ion experiment [1] has suggested that a $\Lambda nn$ bound state has been seen. If that were the case, our knowledge of the $nn$ interaction would permit one to use that $\Lambda nn$ bound state energy to generate strong constraints on the $\Lambda n$ interaction. JLab would be an ideal facility to obtain such data using the $^3$H(e,e'K$^+$)$^3_\Lambda$n reaction. However, at least four theoretical analyses based on a pairwise $nn$ and $\Lambda n$ interaction hypothesis have cast serious doubt on the bound-state assertion [2-5]. However, there could exist a three-body $\Lambda nn$ resonance. Such a resonance could be used to constrain the $\Lambda n$ interaction.
We discuss calculations for the $\Lambda nn$ system using pairwise interactions of rank-one, separable form that fit effective range parameters of the $nn$ system and those hypothesized for the as yet unobserved $\Lambda n$ system based upon two different Nijmegen one-boson exchange potentials [6,7], a J\"{u}lich one-boson exchange potential [8] and a chiral $\Lambda N$ potential [9], each of which is fit the known $\Lambda p$ scattering data. The use of rank-one separable potentials allows us to analytically continue the $\Lambda nn$ Faddeev equations into the second complex energy plane in search of resonance poles, by examining the eigenvalue spectrum of the kernel of the Faddeev equations.
Although none of the potential models utilized (each based upon the nominal $\Lambda p$ scattering length and effective range) predict a physical resonance pole, scaling of the $\Lambda n$ interaction by as little as $\sim$5\% (well within the $\Lambda p$ scattering data uncertainties), does produce a resonance in the $\Lambda nn$ system. This suggests that one may use photo (electro) production of the $\Lambda nn$ system as a tool to examine the strength of the $\Lambda n$ interaction. In particular, an experiment using K$^+$ electro production from tritium at Jefferson Lab has been performed in an effort to explore the $\Lambda nn$ final state (physical resonance or sub-threshold resonance); modeling the position and width of the spectrum would provide significant constraints on the scattering length and effective range of the heretofore unmeasured $\Lambda n$ interaction.
- C. Rappold, {et al.}, "Search for evidence of $^3_\Lambda n$ by observing $d+\pi^-$ and $t+\pi^-$ final states in the reaction of $^6$Li$+^{12}$C at $2A$ GeV", Phys. Rev. C {88}, 041001(R) (2013).
- H. Garcilazo, and A.Valcarce, "Nonexistance of a $\Lambda nn$ bound state", Phys. Rev. C {89}, 057001 (2014).
- E. Hiyama, S. Ohnishi, B. F. Gibson, and Th. A. Rijken, "Three-body structure of the
$nn\Lambda$ system with $\Lambda N-\Sigma N$ coupling", Phys. Rev. C {89}, 061302(R) (2014). - A. Gal, and H. Garcilazo, "Is there a bound $^3_\Lambda$n?", Phys. Lett. {B736}, 93 (2014).
- I. R. Afnan and B. F. Gibson, "Resonances in the $\Lambda$n System", Phys. Rev. C. {92}, 054608 (2015).
- M. M. Nagels, T. A. Rijken, and J. J. de Swart, "Baryon-baryon scattering in a one-boson-exchange-potential approach, II. Hypron-nucleon scattering", Phys, Rev. D {15}, 2547 (1977).
- T. A. Rijken, V. G. J. Stoks, Y. Yamamoto, "Soft-core hypron-nucleon potentials", Phys. Rev. C {59}, 21 (1999).
- J. Haidenbauer and Ulf-G. Mei\ss ner, "J\"ulich hypron-nucleon model revisited", Phys. Rev. C {72}, 044005 (2005).
- J. Haidenbauer, {et al.}, "Hypron-nucleon interaction at next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory", Nucl. Phys. A {915}, 24 (2013).
Speaker: Dr Benjamin Gibson (Physical Review C) -
53
Light single- and double-lambda hypernuclei in pionless effective field theory
We present the first comprehensive study of pionless effective field theory to A$\le$6 single and double $\Lambda$ hypernuclei.
The theory, which is fitted entirely from available experimental data, solves the longstanding overbinding problem of the $^5_\Lambda$He hypernucleus and allows to predict the existence of bound states in single- and double-$\Lambda$ neutral Hypernuclei still under debate.
The renormalizability of the theory is also analyzed and the difficulties that this introduces in the computational calculations are discussed together with the possible extensions of the method.With a limited amount of experimental data available, the extension of nuclear physics to the strange sector can be hardly done using the same techniques employed for standard nuclei.
Pionless effective field theory revealed to be a very successful approach due to the small number of parameters to be determined and the good theoretical accuracy (of the order of 10% of binding energies), which is enhanced by the large breaking scale and the small momentum of the lambda particles.Speaker: Lorenzo Contessi (Racah institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) -
54
Study of the Hyperon-nucleon interaction using the CLAS detector
Obtaining a detailed understanding of the physics of hyperons allow us to improve our basic understanding of the strong force, which is currently based on nucleons, and allow a deeper understanding of matter in neutron stars. The difficulty in obtaining a high-quality data set of hyperon-nucleon scattering lies with experimental difficulties in obtaining hyperon beams or targets. Here I will present our novel approach that allows us to access the Hyperon- Nucleon interaction by producing a hyperon beam electromagnetically within a few-body nuclear system, and studying final-state interactions. The CLAS detectors housed in Hall-B of the Thomas Jefferson laboratory provides a large kinematic coverage, and in combination with the exceptionally high quality of the experimental data from experiment E06-103, we are able identify and select final-state interactions events in the reaction γd → K+Λn and to establish their kinematical dependencies. A polarised photon beam allows the determination of a large set of observables that provides stringent constraints on modern Hyperon-Nucleon potentials.
Speaker: Dr Nicholas Zachariou (University of York)
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52
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Parallel Session Tuesday: Light Nuclei
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55
Influence of the Pauli principle on two-cluster potential energy
We study properties of an interaction between two clusters within the resonating group method. Due to the Pauli principle, a cluster-cluster interaction is a nonlocal potential within the standard version of the resonating group method. We employed the algebraic version of the method, which involves a complete basis of oscillator functions to expand a two-cluster wave function. In the framework of the latter method, a nonlocal cluster-cluster interaction is represented as a matrix. Our main aim is to study properties of matrix of the potential energy operator generated by a nucleon-nucleon and Coulomb potentials. We construct the matrix with the full antisymmetrization and without antisymmetrization (folding potential). These two matrixes allow us to reveal explicitly the influence of the Pauli principle on the shape of the cluster-cluster interaction.
Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the folding cluster-cluster potential have been compared with those of the non-local cluster-cluster potential for the lightest nuclei of the $p$-shell: $^{5}$He, $^{5}$Li, $^{6}$Li, $^{7}$Li, $^{7}$Be and $^{8}$Be. All these nuclei are considered as two-cluster systems composed of an alpha particle and a nucleus of the $s$-shell. We employ the Minnesota potential, the modified Hasegawa-Nagata potential and Volkov N2 potential to investigate the dependence of cluster-cluster interaction on the shape of the potential.
It is demonstrated that eigenvalues of the folding two-cluster potential coincide with the potential energy in coordinate space at some specific discrete points. It is also shown that the eigenfunctions of the folding potential energy matrix are the expansion coefficients of the spherical Bessel functions in a harmonic oscillator basis.
In general, the eigenvalues of the folding and exact cluster-cluster potential do not diverge considerably. However, the dependence of the exact cluster-cluster potential on the number of the invoked functions reveals a number of resonance states which are absent in the case of folding potential. The structure of the resonance states is much different from the eigenfunctions of the folding potential. Such resonance states are mainly localized in the region of small number of quanta in discrete space and, consequently, in the region of small distances between clusters in coordinate space.
Speaker: Dr Yuliya Lashko (Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics ) -
56
Electric-dipole transitions in 6Li with a fully microscopic six-body calculation
Nuclear cluster structure often appears in the spectrum of light nuclei. The role of the nuclear clustering in the electric-dipole (E1) transitions is of great interest since they are closely related to important astrophysical reactions. Recently, an interesting speculation on the E1 excitation mechanism was made in the measurement of the photoabsorption cross section of 6Li that implied the coexistence of typical and cluster E1 excitation modes [1]. To understand the excitation mechanism of 6Li, we perform a fully microscopic six-body calculation with the correlated Gaussian method [2,3], which the formation and distortion of the nuclear clusters are naturally taken into account.
We calculate the E1 transition strengths and their transition densities and discuss how 6Li is excited by the E1 field as a function of the excitation energy. We find the out-of-phase transitions due to valence nucleon around the alpha cluster dominate in the low-lying energy regions below the alpha breaking threshold indicating “soft” Goldhaber-Teller(GT [4]) dipole excitation, which is very unique in 6Li, whereas the typical GT mode appears in the higher-lying energy regions. We show the various cluster components in the six-body wave function and discuss the role of the nuclear clustering in the E1 excitations of 6Li [5].
[1] T. Yamagata et al., Phys. Rev. C 95, 044307 (2017).
[2] J. Mitroy et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 693 (2013).
[3] D. Mikami, W. Horiuchi, and Y. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. C 89, 064316 (2014).
[4] M. Goldhaber and E. Teller, Phys. Rev. 74, 1056 (1948).
[5] S. Satsuka and W. Horiuchi, in preparation.Speaker: Wataru Horiuchi (Hokkaido University) -
57
From three- to six-body systems within a properly symmetrized hyperspherical harmonics approach
We develop a new numerical method to construct an orthonormal basis of properly symmetrized hyperspherical harmonic functions [1]. Refined algorithms for calculating the transformation coefficients between hyperspherical harmonics based on different sets of Jacobi coordinates are described. A method to extract a maximal set of linearly independent hyperspherical states from a highly redundant set of symmetric ones (in case of bosonic systems) or antisymmetric ones (in case of few-nucleon systems) is also presented. Based on these properly symmetrized hyperspherical harmonics basis, the spectra of helium clusters with up to six atoms are studied variationally using soft-core potentials. The obtained results are compared with literature ones [2]. Preliminary results on few-nucleon systems are also presented.
[1] J. Dohet-Eraly, M. Viviani, in preparation.
[2] M. Gattobigio, A. Kievsky, and M. Viviani, Phys. Rev A 84 (2011) 052503.Speaker: Dr Jérémy Dohet-Eraly (Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)) -
58
Study of 3- and 4-neutron systems using the hyperspherical method
The low energy collision of three- and four-neutrons is studied using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation, aimed at understanding whether low energy resonances might exist. This study is motivated by the recent experimental claim of an observation of a four neutron resonance [Kisamori et al., 2016]. From the theoretical side, several studies haven been reported, however, the conclusions reached are in conflict. We study directly the three- and four-neutrons scattering process by means of the adiabatic formalism, and using modern microscopic nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions. We have found that a resonance-like feature arises in the time-delay spectrum for four neutrons, which according to criteria utilized to classify features in atomic physics, would indeed be designated as an observable resonance, at an energy around 0.7 MeV. A similar structure is also observed for three neutrons, although much less evident, at an energy very close to zero.
Speaker: Dr Alejandro Kievsky (INFN)
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55
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Public Lecture
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59
The day without a yesterday
The greatest discovery in the history of science is that there was a day without a yesterday. The Universe has not existed forever. It was born. 13.82 billion years ago, it erupted into being in a titanic fireball called the big bang. Marcus Chown explains how the man who first guessed that the Universe had arisen in a hot big bang believed (incorrectly) that it was the furnace which had forged the atoms in our bodies, and therefore got the right answer for the wrong reason! Marcus also discusses the outstanding questions such as: What was the big bang? What drove the big bang? And what happened before the big bang? The latter is the stickiest question of all, and why most scientists had to be dragged kicking and screaming to the idea of the big bang.
Speaker: Marcus Chown
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59
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08:30
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08:30
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 1 Wednesday
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60
Hyperons - a strange key to the strong interaction
The Standard Model has been successful in describing the elementary particles and their interactions. However, a missing piece is a coherent description of the strong interaction in the confinement domain. This puzzle manifests itself in the non-perturbative properties of the proton: neither its mass, its spin nor its radius are straight-forward to understand from first principles. Furthermore, our Universe consists of matter (e.g. nucleons), not anti-matter (e.g. anti-nucleons). What is the origin of this asymmetry?
One approach to shed light on a system one does not understand is to replace one of its building blocks and see how the system reacts. This leads to the central question in hyperon physics: what happens if we replace one of the light quarks in a proton, with a heavier one? Hyperons have an advantage with respect to nucleons: thanks to the weak, self-analysing decay of the hyperons, their spin is traceable. This provides a unique opportunity to study the role of spin in non-perturbative strong interactions. Experiments with various probes in different energy regimes show that hyperons often are produced polarised, even when the initial state is unpolarised.
In this talk, I will discuss the hyperon as a diagnostic tool for some of the most challenging questions in contemporary physics. The focus is on the strong interaction, in particular hyperon structure where non-perturbative effects are quantified by electromagnetic form factors. Recent results from modern detector facilities like BaBar, CLEO-c, Belle and BESIII, will be presented. I will also outline how hyperon decays can give clues to the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. Results from dedicated studies within the BESIII experiment will be reviewed. Finally, I will discuss the hyperon physics prospects at the future PANDA experiment at FAIR.
Speaker: Stina Karin Schoenning -
61
Nuclear structure corrections in light muonic atoms
The measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and the subsequent emergence of the proton radius puzzle have motivated an experimental campaign devoted to other light muonic atoms, such as muonic deuterium and helium. For these systems, nuclear structure corrections are the largest source of uncertainty and constitute the bottle-neck for exploiting the experimental precision to extract precise nuclear radii. Nuclear theory can contribute by simulating the dynamics of few nucleons interacting with the muon and by assessing related uncertainties. Utilizing techniques and methods developed in few-body physics, we have been able to provide the so far most precise determination of nuclear structure corrections in light muonic atoms.
I will review our recent calculations and present an outlook for the future.Speaker: Sonia Bacca (University of Mainz) -
62
Energy-dependent 3-body loss in 1D Bose gases
We study 3-body loss in bundles of quasi-1D gases using ultracold Cs atoms in 2D optical lattices. We take the atoms out of equilibrium using the quantum Newton’s cradle method, varying the average energy deposited and the strength of confinement in the tubes. Taking advantage of the system’s near integrability, we can infer the center of mass energy of all 3-body inelastic collisions that occur. In contrast to such collisions in 3D, and in accord with strictly 1D theory adapted to quasi-1D, we experimentally find that the 3-body inelastic collision rate strongly depends on the collision energy.
Speaker: Prof. David Weiss (Penn State)
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60
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10:45
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 2 Wednesday
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63
Exploring Three-Nucleon Forces in Three- and Four Nucleon Scattering
Nucleon-deuteron ($Nd$) scattering, the three-nucleon ($3N$) scattering system, offers a good opportunity to study dynamical aspects of 3NFs, which are momentum,
spin and isospin dependent, since it provides not only cross sections but also a variety of spin observables at different incident nucleon energies. Direct comparison between the experimental data and the rigorous numerical calculations in term of Faddeev theory based on the realistic bare nuclear potentials provides information on 3NFs. Indeed the last two decades have witnessed the extensive experimental and theoretical investigations of the $Nd$ scattering performed in a wide range of incoming nucleon energies up to $E \sim 300 ~\rm MeV/nucleon$.The four-nucleon ($4N$) systems could also play an important role for the study of 3NFs. 3NF effects are expected to be sizable in the $4N$ system. In addition, while the $Nd$ scattering is essentially a pure isospin $T=1/2$ state, tests of the $T=3/2$ channel in any 3NFs can be performed in a $4N$ system such as proton-$^3\rm He$ scattering. In recent years, there has been a large progress in solving $4N$ scattering problem with realistic Hamiltonian even above four-nucleon breakup threshold energies [4], which opens up new possibilities to approaching to properties of 3NFs.
With the aim of exploring the 3NFs experimental programs of deuteron--proton scattering as well as proton-$^3\rm He$ scattering using the polarized beam and target systems are in progress at RIKEN, RCNP, and CYRIC in Japan.
In the conference we introduce recently conducted experiments and present the
results of comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical
predictions based on the realistic bare nuclear potentials. Parts of the results are published in Ref. [5].[1] W. Gl\"ockle, et al., Phys. Rep. 274, 107 (1996).
[2] H.-W. Hammer, A. Nogga, A. Schwenk, Reviews of Modern Physics 85 197 (2013).
[3] N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 016301 (2012).
[4] A. Deltuva, and A. C. Fonseca, Phys. Rev. C 87, 054002 (2013).
[5] K. Sekiguchi et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 064001 (2017).Speaker: Kimiko Sekiguchi (Tohoku University) -
64
d^* (2380) hexaquark: from Photoproduction to Neutron Stars
A resonance like structure observed in double-pionic fusion to the deuteron, at M=2.38 GeV with Γ=70 MeV and I(J^P )=0(3^+) has been consistently observed in a wealth of reaction channels, supporting the existence of a resonant hexaquark state - the d^* (2380). It was recently indicated that this new particle may set a limit on achievable neutron star masses, play a key role in the dynamics of neutron star merger events (including resultant gravitational wave emission) and has the potential to be an important intermediate step in the nuclear to quark-gluon plasma transition.
The talk will present the first results on d photoproduction, obtained with the Crystal Ball at MAMI. The new analysis indicated that the d(2380) is likely to be excited predominantly through an M3 transition rather than an E2 transition, which is consistent with its proposed compact nature. The d*(2380) is likely be the first genuine hexaquark. Further possible astrophysical implications will also be outlined.
Speaker: Dr Mikhail Bashkanov (University of York) -
65
Dibaryon resonances and NN interaction
The idea of an important role of dibaryon (six-quark) states in NN interaction was suggested some time ago [1]. A new interest to this idea has risen recently due to the reliable detection of the dibaryon resonances [2]. Later on, it has been shown that the mechanism with excitations of intermediate diproton resonances in isovector pp channels gives a leading contribution into polarization observables of the one-pion production in pp collisions at intermediate energies [3]. Here we examine this mechanism in elastic and inelastic NN scattering at intermediate and small energies, where an effective energy-dependent NN potential is introduced. It is shown that in the particular NN channels, where dibaryons have been found experimentally, this approach allows to reproduce real and imaginary partial NN phase shifts up to energies about 600 MeV which are far above the inelastic threshold. An effect of such type interaction on short-range NN correlations and 3N scattering is also studied.
[1] V.I. Kukulin et al., J. Phys. G 27, 1851 (2001); V.I. Kukulin et al., Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. E 11, 1 (2002).
[2] P. Adlarson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 202301 (2014); V. Komarov et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 065206 (2018).
[3] M.N. Platonova, V.I. Kukulin, Nucl. Phys. A 946, 117 (2016); M.N. Platonova, V.I. Kukulin, Phys. Rev. D 94, 054039 (2016).Speaker: Dr Olga Rubtsova (Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University)
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63
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13:00
Lunch
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14:30
Conference Excursion & Dinner
Excursion to Hampton Court & Conference Dinner
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08:30
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08:30
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 1 Thursday
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66
Few-body strangeness nuclei and their puzzles
Nuclear spectroscopy with heavy ion beams and fixed nuclear targets has recently become a powerful tool to study sub-atomic nuclei with strangeness. The first HypHI experiment at GSI has demonstrated the feasibility of the method by reconstructing invariant masses and decay vertexes with 6Li beams at 2 A GeV bombarding a graphite target, and formation and mesonic weak-decay of light hypernuclei have been successfully observed. The results have revealed a significantly short lifetime of hypertriton. Furthermore, it has also revealed indications of signals in the d+pi- and t+pi- invariant mass distributions, that may indicate a possibility of a weakly bound state with a Lambda-hyperon together with two neutrons (n-n-Lambda). These observations are recently under debate. For the n-n-Lambda state, recent theoretical calculations have shown that such a state is unlikely bound.
The accuracy and the statistics of the developed method for the hypernuclear spectroscopy with heavy ion beams should yet be improved. The method also has to be further developed with different detection techniques and beams at higher energies. A new experimental project to study hypernuclei has been proposed at GSI, and it will introduce the WASA central detector, which has recently been transferred from COSY in Juelich to GSI, for pion measurement combined with the high resolution fragment separator, FRS, for measuring decay residues. The project has already been approved, and experiments with WASA+FRS will be performed in coming years. The project will be continued with the Super-FRS at FAIR. Another new development at higher energies is in progress for the future heavy ion accelerator facility in China, High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility, HIAF. Both projects at FAIR and HIAF will open new possibilities to study double-strangeness hypernuclei with heavy ion beams and fixed targets as well as to measure directly magnetic moments of hypernuclei. The current situations to study the lifetime of hypernuclei and n-n-Lambda as well as these new projects will be discussed in the talk.
Speaker: Dr Takehiko Saito (RIKEN/GSI) -
67
Ab Initio Calculations of Light Hypernuclei
While atomic nuclei are believed to be understood in terms of dynamics between pions and nucleons, it is unclear whether these constituents are the only relevant degrees of freedom in the ground state of baryonic matter. At higher densities, realized perhaps in the cores of neutron stars, hadrons with non-zero strangeness such as hyperons are expected to appear. Strangeness nuclear physics and the study of hypernuclei are in the center of the scientific endeavor to address such questions. Hypernuclei provide important information on hyperon-nucleon interaction and, at the same time, serve as laboratories to test fundamental symmetries of nature.
Over the past decade, first-principles description of nuclear structure has seen a remarkable progress driven by advances in computational techniques to solve the nuclear many-body problem and developments of realistic Hamiltonians derived from effective field theories. As a result, accurate calculations are now possible for a wide range of hypernuclei and observables. In this contribution I will present recent developments in ab initio no-core shell model calculations of of light hypernuclei [1, 2] and report on their selected applications as for example to study charge-symmetry breaking in mirror hypernuclei [3] and pi-mesonic decay of the hypertriton. Moreover, I will discuss our very recent quantification of theoretical uncertainties of hypernuclear observables resulting from the remaining freedom in the construction of nuclear interactions.
[1] R. Wirth, D. Gazda, P. Navrátil, A. Calci, J. Langhammer and R. Roth, Ab Initio Description of p-Shell Hypernuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 192502 (2014).
[2] R. Wirth, D. Gazda, P. Navrátil and R. Roth, Hypernuclear No-Core Shell Model, Phys. Rev. C 97, 064315 (2018).
[3] D. Gazda and A. Gal, Ab initio Calculations of Charge Symmetry Breaking in the A = 4 Hypernuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 122501 (2016).
Speaker: Dr Daniel Gazda (Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS) -
68
Weakly bound nuclei: A unified description of intrinsic and relative degrees of freedom
In this talk we present a recently developed method where cluster correlations co-exist with an underlying mean-field described core-structure. The method will be applied to nuclei close to the driplines, which are assumed to clusterize into a well-defined core and two valence nucleons. The variation of an antisymmetrized product of cluster and core wave functions and a given nuclear interaction, gives rise to a set of self-consistent equations of motion, which split into a set of standard Hartree-Fock equations, but distorted by the presence of the valence nucleons, and a three-body equation where the core-nucleon interaction is dictated by the core mean field.
The technique is first tested on the neutron dripline nucleus 26O, considered as 24O surrounded by two neutrons, for which experimental data are available. We choose Skyrme effective interactions between all pairs of nucleons, and the hyperspherical adiabatic expansion method to solve the three-body problem. On the proton dripline sector, we show results for 70Kr, described as 68Se plus two protons, which is a prominent waiting point for the astrophysical rp-process. We calculate radiative capture rates and discuss the capture mechanism. Finally, results for different Ca isotopes are also shown. In particular, we investigate the appearance of the halo structure in the case of 72Ca, as well as the possibility of appearance of Efimov states.
Speaker: Prof. Eduardo Garrido (IEM-CSIC)
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66
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10:45
Morning Coffee
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Young Researcher's Award Session
The Few-Body Young Researcher's Prize will be awarded, and the two awardees will deliver their talks.
Convener: Alejandro Kievsky (INFN)-
11:15
Young Researcher's Award Ceremony
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69
The Hoyle Family: precision break-up measurements to explore nuclear $\alpha$-condensates
The 0$^+$ excited state of $^{12}$C at 7.65 MeV is named after Sir Fred Hoyle, who proposed its existence in order to account for stellar abundances of carbon [1,2]. Aside from this astrophysical significance, it is thought to possess a curious $\alpha$-cluster structure. However, many questions still remain. To what extent can this state be described as three interacting $\alpha$-particles, and if so, what geometric configuration do they take $-$ a linear chain, equilateral triangle or something in-between? Is it that the bosonic nature of the $\alpha$-particle dominates the dynamics of this nucleus meaning that it could be the nuclear analogue of a Bose Einstein Condensate?
Since its discovery [3], measurements of the Hoyle state excitations and radius have provided indirect insights into its structure [4]. However, another way to examine its structure could be to examine the energy distributions of the $\alpha$-particles emitted during its rare three-body direct break-up [5]. Their relative energies in the final state could reflect the initial structure. Previous studies have set an upper limit on the branching ratio for the direct break-up process at 0.2\% [6].
We present a recent high statistics, low background measurement of the 3$\alpha$ decay of the Hoyle state \cite{Seven}. The $^{12}$C($\alpha$,$\alpha$)3$\alpha$ reaction at 40 MeV beam energy was measured using the Birmingham MC40 cyclotron. The particles were detected in complete kinematics and the upper limit on the direct break-up branching ratio was lowered by almost an order of magnitude compared with previous measurements. This places it below what is predicted by a number of theoretical models, opening new intriguing questions about the structure of this important state.
I will finally discuss the Optical Readout Time Projection Chamber (O-TPC) at HI$\gamma$S [8] and the previous determination of the direct 3$\alpha$ decay branching ratio of the Hoyle state 2$^+$ excitation [9]. This has allowed us to extrapolate down in energy and calculate a theoretical upper limit for the direct 3$\alpha$ branching ratio of the Hoyle state.
[1] E. Öpik, Proc. R. Ir. Acad. A 54 (1951) 49.
[2] E.E. Salpeter, Astrophys. J. 115 (1952) 326.
[3] D.N.F. Dunbar, R.E. Pixley, et. al., Phys. Rev. 92 (1953) 649.
[4] M. Freer, H.O.U. Fynbo, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 78 (2014) 1-23.
[5] Ad. R. Raduta et al., Phys. Lett. B 705, 65 (2011).
[6] M. Itoh, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 102501 (2014).
[7] R. Smith, Tz. Kokalova, C. Wheldon, J. E. Bishop, M. Freer, N. Curtis, and D. J. Parker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 132502 (2017).
[8] M. Gai, et al., JINST 5 (2010).
[9] W. R. Zimmerman et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110Speaker: Dr Robin Smith (Sheffield Hallam University) -
70
Few nucleons and other stories
Universality connects few-nucleon systems to seemingly very different areas of physics, ranging from cold atoms to hadronic molecules. An important principle that guides the description of all these systems is the existence of a separation of scales. The key insight is that it is possible to built a theory where all forces are of short range, while the universal physics of interest is governed by the long-range tails of wavefunctions. Not only is such a scale separation the physical principle that enables the construction of effective field theories (EFTs), a framework that has revolutionized nuclear physics and contributed significantly also to the other areas mentioned at the outset, it moreover leads to powerful relations which enable the extraction of physical observables from simulations performed at finite volume. In this talk I will give overview of recent developments along these lines, covering both fundamental questions regarding the construction of nuclear forces, as well as finite-volume calculations for few-body bound states and resonances.
Speaker: Sebastian König (TU Darmstadt)
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11:15
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12:40
Lunch
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Parallel Session Thursday: Atoms and Molecules
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71
Fully Differential Study of Ionization of H2 by p Impact Near Velocity Matching
We have measured fully momentum-analyzed scattered projectiles and recoil ions, produced in ionization of H2 by 75 keV p impact, in coincidence. The ejected electron momentum was deduced from momentum conservation. From the data we extracted fully differential cross sections for fixed projectile energy losses of 50,53,57, and 60 eV, for various fixed scattering angles theta_p, and for electrons ejected into the scattering plane as a function of the emission angle. Here, an energy loss of 57 eV corresponds to an electron speed equal to the projectile speed. The data were compared to two conceptually very similar distorted wave calculations.
In the FDCS two separate peak structures can be seen, one near the direction of the momentum transfer q and one in the direction of the initial projectile beam direction. The former, known as the binary peak, is a signature of a first-order mechanism. The latter, to which we refer as the forward peak, is a result of a higher-order mechanism, known as post-collision interaction PCI, involving at least 2 interactions between the projectile and the active electron. The first interaction lifts the electron to the continuum and in the second interaction the electron and the scattered projectile attract each other towards the initial beam axis. As expected, the forward to binary peak intensity ratio maximizes at the matching velocity (energy loss of 57 eV).
The data were compared to continuum distorted wave – eikonal initial state (CDW-EIS) and 3-body distorted wave (3DW) calculations, respectively. While at theta_p = 0.1 mrad both calculations are in reasonable agreement with experiment, increasing discrepancies and differences between both models are observed with increasingtheta_p. At the largest theta_p there is not even qualitative agreement. There, PCI effects are most pronounced in the ex-perimental data and much stronger in the 3DW model compared to the CDW-EIS calculations. Considering that both theoretical approaches are conceptually very similar these surprisingly large differences demonstrate the high sensitivity of the FDCS to the details of the few-body dynamics in this kinematic regime.This work was supported by NSF and by ADONIS.
Speaker: Prof. Michael Schulz (Missouri University of Science & Technology) -
72
Hyperfine state-to-state ultracold atom-dimer reaction in a magnetic field
In the ultracold region, the quantum mechanics principle governs a collision reaction process. The investigation of the ultracold state-to-state collision reaction will provide a deeper understanding of both quantum mechanics and chemical reaction. We present a multichannel finite-range three-body scattering theoretical model used for investigating the magnetically tuned atom-dimer collision reaction on the level of hyperfine state-to-state resolution. We take the Li-Li2 system as an example to calculate the atom-dimer scattering length and dimer relaxation rate steered by a magnetic field. We find that the two-body p-wave interaction has a significant influence on the atom-dimer collision reaction in the three hyperfine channels and a new universality in the atom-dimer collision reaction, i.e., the universality of deep dimer product.
Speaker: Dr Jinglun Li (CQT, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology)
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71
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Parallel Session Thursday: Few-Nucleon Systems
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73
Electroweak processes in few-nucleon systems
In this talk, I will present results of the application of the recently derived axial currents (with and without delta excitations) to selected electroweak nuclear processes in few-nucleon systems. In particular I will focus on the Gamow-Teller matrix element of tritium β-decay. Finally I will discuss a recently proposed quantum algorithm that could be useful to study binding energies of light nuclei.
Speaker: Michele Viviani -
74
Response functions and cross sections for inclusive neutrino scattering off $^2$H, $^3$H and $^3$He
Neutrino scattering on nuclei has been investigated for several decades. It played an important role in establishing fundamentals of the theory of weak interactions and electroweak unification. Later it became a tool to study the much more subtle properties of neutrinos, such as masses and oscillations.
Most of the calculations for neutrino scattering on light nuclei were performed in coordinate space, see important Refs. (1-4). In a recent paper (5) we presented momentum-space based results for several (anti)neutrino induced reactions on light nuclei: $$\nu(\bar{\nu}) +{^2}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow \nu(\bar{\nu})+p+n \, ,\\ \bar{\nu}+{^2}\mathrm{H}\rightarrow e^++n+n \, ,\\ \nu (\bar{\nu})+{^3}\mathrm{He}\rightarrow \nu (\bar{\nu})+p+{^2}\mathrm{H} \, ,\\ \nu (\bar{\nu})+{^3}\mathrm{He}\rightarrow \nu (\bar{\nu})+p+p+n \, ,\\ \nu (\bar{\nu})+{^3}\mathrm{H}\rightarrow \nu (\bar{\nu})+p+{^2}\mathrm{H} \, ,\\ \nu (\bar{\nu})+{^3}\mathrm{H}\rightarrow \nu (\bar{\nu})+n+n+p \,, \\ \nu+{^3}\mathrm{He} \rightarrow e^++n+{^2}\mathrm{H} \, ,\\ \nu+{^3}\mathrm{He} \rightarrow e^++n+n+p \,, \\ \nu+{^3}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow e^++n+n+n \, .$$ We restricted ourselves to neutrino energies up to 300 MeV and pointed out to problems arising from merging relativistic kinematics with nonrelativistic dynamics. For the inelastic reactions on the deuteron we calculated directly the total cross sections $\sigma_{tot} (E)$ at many incoming neutrino energies. The essential building block for the total cross section at a given (anti)neutrino energy $E$ is the threefold differential cross section $d^3\sigma/d\Omega^{\, \prime} \; d E^{\, \prime}$, which depends on $E$, on the (anti)neutrino scattering angle $\theta^{\, \prime}$ and on its final energy $E^{\, \prime}$. Namely, the total cross section is most easily calculated as $$ \sigma_{tot} (E) = \int d \Omega^{\, \prime} \int d E^{\, \prime} \frac{d^3\sigma}{d\Omega^{\, \prime} \; d E^{\, \prime}} \, = \, 2 \pi \int d \theta^{\, \prime} \sin \theta^{\, \prime} \int d E^{\, \prime} \frac{d^3\sigma}{d\Omega^{\, \prime} \; d E^{\, \prime}} \, . $$ The cross section $d^3\sigma/d\Omega^{\, \prime} \; d E^{\, \prime}$ can be expressed in terms of the so-called response functions $R_{jk}$ (5), which depend on two parameters only: on the internal energy of the nuclear system $E_{CM}$ and on the magnitude of the three-momentum transfer $Q$: $$ \frac{d^3\sigma}{d\Omega^{\, \prime} \; d E^{\, \prime}} \, = \, \sum\limits_{jk} v_{jk} \left(E, \theta^{\, \prime} , E^{\, \prime} \right) \, R_{jk} \left( E_{CM} , Q \right) \, . $$ Since the $v_{jk}$ functions, stemming from the lepton matrix element, are analytically known, it is thus much more efficient to calculate just the response functions on a sufficiently dense two dimensional grid in the $\left( E_{CM} , Q \right) $ plane and use interpolations to obtain these values of the response functions which are needed to compute $\sigma_{tot} (E) $ at a required energy $E$. Note also that in the case of the neutral current driven reactions, exactly the same response functions can be used to obtain cross sections with neutrinos and antineutrinos. This approach has been already successfully tested for the (anti)neutrino reactions on the deuteron and one example of the response function for the $\nu(\bar{\nu}) +{^2}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow \nu(\bar{\nu})+p+n$ reaction is shown in Fig. 1. The corresponding work for several reactions with the three-nucleon systems is in progress and will be reported at the conference. As in Ref. (5), also in the present calculations the single nucleon current from Ref. (6) and the AV18 two-nucleon potential (7) is employed. !Fig.1 [The $R_{00}$ response function (see Ref. (1) for the definition and more details) for the neutral-current driven process $\nu(\bar{\nu}) +{^2}\mathrm{H} \rightarrow \nu(\bar{\nu})+p+n$]1
References
(1) S. Nakamura, T. Sato, V. Gudkov, and K. Kubodera, Phys. Rev. C 63, 034617 (2001);
Erratum: [Phys. Rev. C 73, 049904 (2006)].
(2) S. Nakamura et al., Nucl. Phys. A 707, 561 (2002);
http://www-nuclth.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/top/Netal/total/index.html.
(3) G. Shen, L. E. Marcucci, J. Carlson, S. Gandolfi, and R. Schiavilla, Phys. Rev. C 86, 035503 (2012).
(4) A. Baroni and R. Schiavilla, Phys. Rev. C 96, 014002 (2017).
(5) J. Golak et al., Phys. Rev. C 98, 015501 (2018).
(6) J. Golak et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 024001 (2014).
(7) R. B. Wiringa, V. G. J. Stoks, and R. Schiavilla, Phys. Rev. C 51, 38 (1995).Speaker: Alessandro (for LENPIC Collaboration) Grassi (M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Cracow, Poland) -
75
Isospin-breaking nucleon-nucleon interaction up to fifth order in chiral EFT
Chiral EFT in the nucleon-nucleon (NN) sector has finally entered the precision era with a $\chi^2/{\rm datum} \sim 1$ description of NN scattering data for recent fifth order potentials. However, none of these potentials include a complete treatment of isospin-breaking effects. I present new NN potentials from chiral EFT with a complete inclusion of isospin-breaking effects up to fifth order, whose adjustable parameters have been fitted to the 2013 Granada database of NN scattering data. I give an overview of the parameter-free and adjustable IB contributions to the potential and discuss their impact on the two-nucleon system. The long-standing question regarding the charge-dependence of the one-pion exchange coupling constant will also be considered.
Speaker: Mr Patrick Reinert (Ruhr-Universität Bochum) -
76
Application of the JISP16 potential to the nucleon induced deuteron breakupprocess at E=13 MeV and E=65 MeV.
The JISP16 nucleon-nucleon force [1] arise from the Inverse Scattering Methods and was proposed as an alternative to the standard models of two-nucleon interactions. It provides a sufficient convergence of the no-core shell model [2] calculations enabling accurate predictions for nuclear binding energies and spectra of excited nuclear states with established extrapolation techniques [3–5] and the ability to perform calculations of nuclear matter properties [6]. The description of the properties of light nuclei by JISP16 is also quite satisfactory [7,8]. However, the recent application of the JISP16 force to the nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering [9] revealed some drawbacks of this force, especially regarding P-waves components of the JISP16 potential. It occurs that the bound and excited states energies, used to fix free parameters of the JISP16 model are not enough sensitive to the P-waves contributions. In order to improve the JISP16 model additional fitting, preferably taking into account nucleon-deuteron scattering observables, should be performed. In this contribution we check if the nucleon induced deuteron breakup reaction can be useful in this context.
We applied the JISP16 potential [1] to investigate the nucleon induced deuteron breakup reaction at energies E=13 and 65 MeV. The formalism of Faddeev equation [10] was used. Our study reveals that the JISP16 interaction delivers, in general, qualitatively a similar description of the exclusive cross section and the nucleon analyzing power for the studied reaction to the one based on the standard realistic nucleon-nucleon AV18 interaction [11]. However, in some regions of the phase space the differential cross section based on the JISP16 and on the AV18 forces differs by more than 100% and 50% at E=13 and E=65 MeV, respectively. In the case of analyzing power – this difference also exceeds 100% at E=65 MeV. Such specific parts of the phase space can be used to fine-tune the JISP16 potential parameters.References:
[1] A. M. Shirokov, J. P. Vary, A. I. Mazur, and T. A. Weber, Phys. Lett. B644, 33 (2007).
[2] B. R. Barrett, P. Navratil, and J. P. Vary, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 69, 131 (2013).
[3] P. Maris, J. P. Vary, and A. M. Shirokov, Phys. Rev. C 79, 014308 (2009).
[4] S. A. Coon, M. I. Avetian, M. K. G. Kruse, U. van Kolck, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. C 86, 054002 (2012).
[5] S. A. Coon and M. K. G. Kruse, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 25, 1641011 (2016).
[6] A. M. Shirokov, A. G. Negoita, J. P. Vary, S. K. Bogner, A. I. Mazur, E. A. Mazur, and D. Gogny, Phys. Rev. C 90, 024324 (2014).
[7] A. M. Shirokov, V. A. Kulikov, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, in NN and 3N Interactions, edited by L. D. Blokhintsev and I. I. Strakovsky (Nova Science, Hauppauge, NY, 2014), Chap. 8, p. 231, see https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id= 50945.
[8] P. Maris and J. P. Vary, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 22, 1330016 (2013).
[9] R. Skibiński et al., Phys. Rev. C97, 014002 (2018).
[10] W. Glöckle et al., Phys. Rept. 274, 107 (1996).
[11] R. B. Wiringa, V. G. J. Stoks, and R. Schiavilla, Phys. Rev. C51, 38 (1995).Speaker: Mr Volodymyr Soloviov (Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University)
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73
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Parallel Session Thursday: Hadrons and Particles
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77
Heavy-Baryon Spectroscopy
We present excitation spectra for heavy baryons - containing $c$ and $b$ flavors - calculated from a universal relativistic constituent-quark model valid for all baryons. The three-quark system is solved along modified Faddeev equations adapted to treat long-range interactions, here in particular the confinement. The hyperfine interaction is furnished by Goldstone-boson exchange. The full interaction is represented by a Poincaré-invariant mass operator.
Most prominently we focus on the spectra of charm and beauty baryons, which have recently become amenable to new measurements especially at LHCb. Beyond the ground states of corresponding $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ baryons we also predict their first few excitations, which are expected to be manifested by future experiments.Speaker: Prof. Willibald Plessas (Institute of Physics, University of Graz) -
78
Hadronic molecules of heavy hadrons with tensor force
Exotic hadrons close to the hadron-hadron threshold have been one of the interesting topics in the hadron and nuclear physics. Especially, in the heavy quark sector, some of the quarkonium-like states called XYZ and the hidden-charm pentaquark Pc near the thresholds have been discussed as a hadronic molecule. The hadronic molecules is realized as a loosely bound state of a hadron composite system. In the formation of such molecules, the one-pion exchange potential (OPEP) working as a long range force is considered to have an important role. The tensor force of the OPEP is well-known as the driving force of atomic nuclei, and is emphasized in the heavy quark sector thanks to the heavy quark spin symmetry.
In this talk, we study the hadronic molecules of heavy meson and heavy baryon, which can be compared with the pentaquark Pc reported by LHCb. The coupled channel Schrodinger equations of the heavy meson and heavy baryon are solved. Due to the heavy quark symemtry, various meson-baryon channels are mixed in the systems. The full coupled channel analysis including channels with large orbital angular momenta are performed, because the tensor force of the OPEP yields an attraction in the mixing of those channels. We investigate the formation mechanism of the hadronic molecules in the heavy quark sector estimate and the role of the tensor force.Speaker: Yasuhiro Yamaguchi (RIKEN) -
79
Properties of heavy mesons at finite temperature
Heavy hadrons at finite temperature are nowadays attracting much attention in the field of hadron physics in view of the extremely high temperatures reached in the on-going and upcoming heavy-ion collision experiments and the new level of accuracy of the numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice. Along these lines, we go beyond the state-of-the art to study the properties of heavy mesons using a unitarized approach in a hot pionic medium, based on an effective hadronic theory. The interaction between the heavy mesons and pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons is described by a chiral Lagrangian at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion and leading order in the heavy-quark mass expansion so as to satisfy heavy-quark spin symmetry. The meson-meson scattering problem in coupled channels with finite-temperature corrections is solved in a self-consistent manner. In this talk I will show the in-medium unitarized amplitudes in a pionic environment at finite temperature for heavy-mesons and their spectral funcions. The aim is to test our results against Lattice QCD calculations in the near future.
Speaker: Ms Gloria Montaña (University of Barcelona)
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77
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15:45
Afternoon Coffee
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Parallel Session Thursday: Clustering in Nuclei
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80
Few-body reactions investigated via the Trojan Horse Method
A review of the main applications of the Trojan Horse Method (THM) will be presented, focusing on reactions involving few-body systems. This indirect method exploits nuclei clustering properties to measure cross sections otherwise very difficult to get.
The THM has been applied to the sub-Coulomb proton-proton elastic scattering to investigate the suppression of the Coulomb field effects and to the deuteron-deuteron fusion channels, where interesting results for astrophysics and energy fusion power plants have been obtained.
Other results will be shown, such as those involving light nuclei Li, Be and B, and some preliminary results for the $^{3}$He(n,p)$^{3}$H reaction.
Finally, new perspectives and research lines with the THM will be mentioned.Speaker: Dr Roberta Spartà (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia - Università di Catania (Catania, Italy) and INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania, Italy)) -
81
Beryllium-9 in Cluster Effective Field Theory
In our work we have studied ${}^9{\rm Be}$ ground state with non-local $\alpha n$ and $\alpha\alpha$ potentials derived from Cluster Effective Field Theory. The Borromean system provided by the nucleus of ${}^9{\rm Be}$ shows, at low energy ($<\,20\,$MeV), a separation of scales and the dynamics describing the cluster configuration is insensitive to internal dynamics of the $\alpha$ particle. Therefore to describe such cluster nuclei we can use an Effective Field Theory where the degrees of freedom are represented by neutrons and $\alpha$ particles. We study the interaction among alpha and valence neutrons using non-local contact interactions. The potentials extracted from the theory are regularized by a Gaussian cutoff which regulates the short-distance dependence of the interaction. We choose the cutoff regularization, because of its ability to reproduce known features, such as parameters in the effective range expansion, including the scattering length and the effective range. Then, the potential parameters are fitted to reproduce these scattering parameters in the calculated scattering T-matrix. We implemented such non-local potential models in a Non-Symmetrized Hyperspherical Harmonics (NSHH) code in momentum space. The final goal of this project is to use these potentials in the calculation of the photodisintegration of ${}^9{\rm Be}$, a reaction of astrophysical relevance. Work is in progress to insert an effective $\alpha \alpha n$ interaction in the theory, then the prediction of the photodisintegration will be realized with the LIT method.
Speaker: Mrs Elena Filandri (Department of Physics, Università di Trento and INFN-TIFPA Trento Institute of Fundamental Physics and Applications) -
82
How to determine the shape of nuclear molecules with polarized gamma-rays
A method has been recently proposed on Phys.Rev. C 99 (2019) 031302 to establish the geometry of the alpha-cluster arrangement in 12C making use of polarized gamma-rays. The ratio of intensities of scattered radiation at 90 degree along and perpendicular to the initial direction of the electric field vector, called depolarization ratio, is a key quantity that allows to underpin the nature of totally symmetric modes of vibrations. This allows to connect with the underlying point-group structure and therefore to the geometric shape of the nuclear molecule.
This method is reviewed for 12C and extended to other configurations, such as three unequal clusters and four identical clusters (e.g. 16O).Speaker: Lorenzo Fortunato (1) University of Padova and 2) I.N.F.N.- Padova) -
83
Description of continuum structures in a discrete basis: Three-body resonances and two-nucleon decays
Recent advances in radioactive ion beam physics and detection techniques have triggered the exploration of the exotic properties and decay modes of light nuclear systems at the limit of stability and beyond the driplines. Large experimental and theoretical efforts have been devoted to understanding the structure and reaction dynamics of loosely bound systems, such as halo nuclei, where continuum effects are of utmost relevance [1]. Of particular interest is the case of two-neutron halo nuclei, e.g., ⁶He, ¹¹Li or ¹⁴Be. These are Borromean systems, or three-body systems in which all binary subsystems cannot form bound states. While the correlations between the valence neutrons are known to play a fundamental role in shaping the properties of two-neutron halo nuclei [2], a proper understanding of their structure requires also solid constrains on the unbound binary subsystems ⁵He, ¹⁰Li or ¹³Be [3]. The evolution of these correlations beyond the driplines gives rise to two-neutron emitters, e.g., ¹⁶Be or ²⁶O [4]. A similar situation can be found for proton-rich nuclei. For instance, the Borromean ¹⁷Ne nucleus, characterized by the properties of its unbound subsystem ¹⁶F, has been proposed to exhibit a two-proton halo, while other exotic systems, such as ⁶Be and ¹¹O (the mirror nuclei of ⁶He and ¹¹Li), are two-proton emitters. Since they have a marked core+N+N character, three-body models are a natural choice to describe their structure and processes involving them [5]. The description of the continuum in three-body nuclei, however, is not an easy task. We have recently proposed a method to characterize few-body resonances by studying the time dependence of the lowest eigenstates of a resonant operator [6], with the aim of studying the population of resonances in two-nucleon emitters. The method has been applied to the two-neutron unbound system ¹⁶Be, obtaining a remarkable agreement with calculations of the true three-body continuum [7] for the 0⁺ ground-state resonance. An excited 2⁺ state, recently observed experimentally [8], is also predicted. A summary of this work will be presented. The extension to study the corresponding relative-energy distributions, as well as its application to other unbound three-body systems, will be also discussed.
[1] I. Tanihata, et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 68, 215 (2013).
[2] Y. Kikuchi, et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2016, 103D03 (2016).
[3] Y. Aksyutina, et al., Phys. Lett. B 718, 1309 (2013).
[4] Z. Kohley, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 152501 (2013).
[5] M. V. Zhukov, et al., Phys. Rep. 231, 151 (1993).
[6] J. Casal and J. Gómez-Camacho, Phys. Rev. C 99, 014604 (2019).
[7] A. E. Lovell, F. M. Nunes and I. J. Thompson, Phys. Rev. C 95, 034605 (2017).
[8] F. M. Marques, private communication (2019).Speaker: Dr Jesús Casal (Univ. Padova)
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80
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Parallel Session Thursday: Kaonic Atoms and Clusters
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84
Kaonic atoms experiments at the DAFNE collider
I shall present a series of frontier experiments searching for X rays coming from exotic atoms produced at the DAFNE collider of LNF-INFN (Italy). I shall introduce the physics and studies of kaonic atoms in the framework of the SIDDHARTA collaboration at the DAFNE Collider at the LNF-INFN, Frascati (Roma) laboratory. Combining the excellent quality kaon beam delivered by the DAFNE collider with new experimental techniques, as fast and very precise X ray detectors, like the Silicon Drift Detectors, we have performed unprecedented measurements on kaonic hydrogen and helium. Presently, a major upgrade of the setup, SIDDHARTA-2 is being realized to perform in the coming year the first ever measurement of kaonic deuterium. Kaonic atoms studies represent an opportunity to unlock the secrets of the strong interaction in the strangeness sector and understand the role of strangeness in the Universe, from nuclei to the stars.
Speaker: Magdalena Skurzok (INFN-LNF Frascati) -
85
Isospinless Model for $ppK^-$ Kaoinc Cluster
The recent and old experiential data indicate that kaonic cluster $NN\bar K$ has deep quasi-bound state [1]. However, the theoretical models based on phenomenological $N\bar K$ potentials do not confirm it. Loosely bound state has been predicted by theoretical analysis of the JPARC
E15 experiment [2] using chiral potentials in the fixed center approximation.
In the framework of the Faddeev equations in configuration space the quasi-bound state of the kaonic system $NN{\bar K}$ is considered using both the isospin and ''isospinless'' particle representations.Within the isospin formalism, the ''$ppK^-$ cluster'' is determined as $NN{\bar K}$$(s_{NN}=0)$ system.
We present the Faddeev equations in the "given charge" isospin basis, which allow us to show relation to the particle representation.
The alternative consideration of the kaonic clusters has been proposed by isospinless ''particle representation'' [3]. In our approach the system is described
as superposition of $ppK^{-}$ and $pn{K}^0$ states, which are possible due to a particle transition. We consider the equivalence of isospin and particle representations and show that the equivalence is possible only under condition that the probabilities to find the system in the $ppK^{-}$ or $pn{K}^0$ states are equal (strong coupling of the channels). Numerical calculations using phenomenological potentials will be presented. The relation of the isospinless model to the theory of two-level systems is addressed and discussed taking into account the possibilities of deep and shallow $NN{\bar K}(s_{NN}=0)$ quasi-bound states.This work is supported by the National Science Foundation grant HRD-1345219 and NASA grant NNX09AV07A.
[1] T. Nagae, Nucl. Phys. A 954, 94 (2016)
[2] T. Sekihara, E. Oset, A. Ramos, PTEP 123D03 (2016)
[3] J. Revai, Phys. Rev. C 94, 054001 (2016)Speaker: Prof. Branislav Vlahovic (North Carolina Central University) -
86
Four-body Faddeev-type calculation of the $\bar{K}NNN$ system
The attractive nature of $\bar{K}N$ interaction has stimulated theoretical and experimental searches for $K^-$ bound states in different systems. In particular, many theoretical calculations devoted to the lightest possible system $\bar{K}NN$ have been performed using different methods: Faddeev equations with coupled channels, variational methods, and some others. All of them agree that a quasi bound state in the $K^- pp$ system exists but they yield quite diverse binding energies and widths. The experimental situation is unsettled as well: several candidates for the $K^- pp$ state were reported by different experiments, but the measured binding energies and decay widths of such state differ from each other and are far from all theoretical predictions.
Detection of the heavier four-body $\bar{K}NNN$ system could be easier than in the case of $\bar{K}NN$ since direct scattering of $K^-$ on three-body nuclei can be performed. Some theoretical works were devoted to the question of the quasi bound state in the $\bar{K}NNN$ system with different quantum numbers, but more accurate calculations within Faddeev-type equations are needed. The reason is that only these dynamically exact equations written in momentum representation can treat energy dependent $\bar{K}N$ potentials, necessary for the this system, exactly.
We are solving four-body Faddeev equations in AGS form in order to search for the quasi-bound state in the $\bar{K}NNN$ system. We are using our experience with the three-body AGS calculations, and our two-body potentials, constructed for them. Namely, three models of the $\bar{K}N$ interaction are being used: two phenomenological potentials and a chirally motivated one. All three potentials describe low-energy $K^- p$ scattering and $1s$ level shift of kaonic hydrogen with equally high accuracy. This will allow us to study the dependence of the four-body results on the two-body input.
A reliable calculation of a four-body problem is much harder task than a three body one, that is why we are using some approximations. In contrast to our three body calculations, where the coupling between the $\bar{K}N$ and $\pi \Sigma$ channels was taken into account explicitly, here we are using the exact optical (and due to this energy-dependent) $\bar{K}N$ potentials, corresponding to our antikaon-nucleon potentials with coupled channels. We shown that the one-channel three-body calculation with such potential is a very good approximation to the problem with coupled channels and assume that it is true for the four-body case as well. In addition we are using a separable expansion of the three-body
amplitudes, entering the kernels of the four-body equations, in order to reduce the dimension of the system of integral equations. The first peliminary results of the calculations are expected to be ready.Speaker: Dr Nina Shevchenko (Nuclear Physics Institute of CAS, Rez, Czech Republic) -
87
Hyperspherical Harmonics Method with Particle Transition Degrees of Freedom
Some of the interactions in nuclear systems envisage the possibility that the constituents change in intermediate states. An example is the $\Lambda-\Sigma$ coupling in hyperon-nucleon potentials or the $N-\Delta$ coupling in nucleon-nucleon potentials. The fact that the constituents change in particular their masses represent a problem for the Hyperspherical Harmonics (HH) method, since hyperspherical coordinates are generally based on mass weighted Jacobi coordinates, and in presence of those transitions the masses are no longer fixed.
We present our recent developments of the HH formalism applied to systems with particle excitations degrees of freedom.
The transformations $W$ among sets of internal coordinates with different weights are presented in detail. The representation in the HH basis of such transformations is defined in terms of an elementary set of coefficients, the $\mathcal{W}$-coefficients, representing 1-d scaling transformations in real space. Exchange operators involving different particles can also be defined in terms of such coefficients. The generator of the $W$ transformations is derived analytically and the selection rules in terms of angular and grand-angular quantum numbers are shown.
As application, separation energies of 3- and 4-body $\Lambda$-hypernuclei with a realistic $\Lambda-\Sigma$ coupling hyperon-nucleon interaction are calculated and benchmarked with results from the literature [1]. We also calculate the triton binding energy and wave function by considering the explicit $\Delta$(1232) isobar degrees of freedom and including all the NN, N$\Delta$ and $\Delta\Delta$ 2-body channels. In this last case we adopt the Argonne v28 potential [2].[1] E. Hiyama, S. Ohnishi, B.F. Gibson and T.A. Rijken, Phys. Rev. C 89, 061302 (2014).
[2] R.B. Wiringa, R.A. Smith and T.L. Ainsworth, Phys. Rev. C 29, 1207 (1984).Speaker: Dr Fabrizio Ferrari Ruffino (Universita' di Udine)
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84
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Parallel Session Thursday: Few-Body Techniques
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88
Removing the Wigner bound in non-perturbative EFT
The Wigner bound is examined at different non-perturbative pionless effective field theory ($\slashed{\pi}EFT$) orders. Using cutoff regulator we show that the Wigner bound loosens when going from the next-to-leading-order (NLO) to the next-to-next-to-leading-order (N$^2$LO), and up to N$^6$LO. We conjecture an analytic formula for the general dependence of the Wigner bound on the theory's order. It follows that the bound vanishes in limit of infinite order. Surprisingly, we find that the functional behaviour of the Wigner bound is regulator dependent. We demonstrate that the above surmise still holds after renormalization at finite cutoff. Furthermore, for the non-perturbative approach, we find that there exist multiple renormalization choices, only one of which is physical. A method to pick the physical solution is suggested.
Speaker: Betzalel Bazak -
89
On the determination of response functions obtained from their Lorentz integral transforms
The accuracy of reconstructing a response function from its Lorentz integral transform is studied for an exactly solvable case. The model considered here is the dipole photodisintegration of the bound state of three particles interacting via a hypercentral potential. The inversion procedure is discussed in detail and its optimal version is presented. Unlike results in the literature pertaining to the same model, the response function is reconstructed from its Lorentz integral transform with rather high accuracy.
Speaker: Prof. Winfried Leidemann (University of Trento) -
90
Extrapolation of bound state energies obtained in the oscillator basis
An extrapolation of ab initio results to get more accurate observables became a trend in nuclear physics [1-4]. We consider calculations of binding energies in oscillator basis, which depend on two
basis parameters, the oscillator frequency, $\hbar\Omega$, and the oscillator quanta, $N$. We study general convergence patterns of these calculations. We use the SS-HORSE (single-state harmonic-oscillator representation of scattering equations) approach [5], extended to the case of bound states. Within this method, we extract the $S$-matrix from the results obtained in oscillator basis, and locate $S$-matrix poles associated with bound states. The respective binding energies improve the variational results obtained by the pure diagonalization in oscillator basis [6]. In this way we can extrapolate binding energies to the infinite basis and eliminate the dependence on basis parameters. By calculating the $S$-matrix pole, we can also calculate the asymptotic normalization constant. Till now we use a two-particle model problem with known exact solution to verify our method with an idea to apply it later to many-body shell-model afterwards. We compare also our method with approaches of Ref. [1-3].References
[1] P. Maris, J. P. Vary, A. M. Shirokov, Phys. Rev. C. 79, 014308 (2009)
[2] S. A. Coon, M. I. Avetian, M. K. G. Kruse, U. van Kolck, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. C. 86, 054002 (2012)
[3] R. J. Furnstahl, G. Hagen and T. Papenbrock, Phys. Rev. C. 86, 031301(R) (2012)
[4] G. A. Negoita et al, arXiv:1803.03215 [physics.comp-ph], (2018)
[5] A. M. Shirokov, A. I. Mazur, I. A. Mazur and J. P. Vary,
Phys. Rev. C 94, 064320 (2016).
[6] Yu. A. Lurie, A. M. Shirokov, Ann. Phys. (NY), 312, 284 (2004)Speaker: Vasily Kulikov (Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia) -
91
Effective field theory in finite volume
We utilize a baryonic effective field theory (EFT) to analyze recent Lattice QCD (LQCD) few-body calculations. To this end we have developed a finite volume few-body code based on the Stochastic Variational Method (SVM) including 2 and 3-body interactions. This new tool enable us to study the LQCD spectra directly without the need of infinite volume extrapolation. Furthermore, it can be used to study the evolution of the few-body spectra with the volume size down to small volumes, where the asymptotic Luscher theory breaks down. In this talk we present our results, analyzing LQCD results for two, three and four-nucleon systems.
Speaker: Nir Barnea
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88
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Poster Session
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92
An Accurate Allowance for Initial and Final State Interections in The Treatment of The alpha-alpha Bremsstrahlung
One of motivations in studying the $\alpha + \alpha \rightarrow \alpha + \alpha +\gamma\,$ bremsstrahlung is to get a supplementary information on a strong part of the $\alpha-\alpha\,$ interaction [1]. We find some correlation function, in which one of the outgoing alphas is detected in coincidence with the emitted photon, depends consid-erably on the strong interaction in the entrance and exit channels (see Fig.1 for $d^5\sigma/dE_\gamma d\Omega_id\Omega_f$ in the lab. frame and coplanar momenta disposal, where the photon momentum is directed along the Z-axis and the rest lie in the XZ-plane, viz.,$\,\hat{k}_{1i} = (\theta_{1i}, 0)$ ,$\,\hat{k}_{1f} = (\theta_{1f}, \pi)$ at energies of the incident $\alpha$-particle $E_i = 10$ MeV and photon $E_\gamma = 1$ MeV). As before, our depar-ture point in describing electromagnetic (EM) interactions with nuclei is to use the Fock-Weyl cri-terion (see [2] and refs. therein). According to [3], the cross section can be expressed through the charge form factor of $\alpha$-particle $F_{CH}(q)$ depending on the stretched photon momentum $q = \lambda k_\gamma$ ($0\leq\lambda\leq1$ ) and the overlap integral $I = \langle\chi^{(-)}_{k'} |e^{iq\rho}|\chi^{(+)}_k\rangle$, where the ingoing $\chi^{(+)}_k$ and out-going $\chi^{(-)}_{k'}$ solutions for the $\alpha-\alpha$ scattering induced with interaction $V = V_C + V_S$ that consists of the repulsive Coulomb potential $V_C$ and its strong counterpart $V_S$. The Nordsieck-type integral $I_C$ in the partition $I = I_C + I_{CS}$, which determines the purely Coulomb mechanism of the bremsstrah-lung, is given by (10) in [6] while the radial integrals in fast-convergent series of the mix integral $I_{CS}$ in partial waves have been calculated via the contour integration method [7]. When collision energy increasing the cross sections become more sensitive to distinctions between the two phase-equivalent $\alpha-\alpha$ potentials.
References
- Langanke K.,Phys. Lett. 1986. V. B 174. P.27.
- Shebeko A., Phys. At. Nucl. 2014. V. 77. P. 518.
- Arslanaliev A., Shebeko A., In Proc. the 22nd Int. Conf. Few-Body22, (Springer, 2019).
- Buck B. et al., Nucl. Phys. 1977. V. A 275. P.246.
- Ali S., Bodmer A.R., Nucl. Phys. 1966. V.80. P.99.
- Gravielle M., Miraglia J., Comp. Phys. Comm. 1992. V. 69. P. 53
- Vincent C., Fortune H., Phys. Rev. C 1970. V. 2. P. 782
Speaker: Mr Adam Arslanaliev (V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine) -
93
Calculation of asymptotic normalization coefficients in the complex-range Gaussian basis
Complex-range Gaussian basis (CRGB) has been demonstrated to give a convenient representation for bound-state [1] and scattering [2] calculations. The basis functions are constructed from the conventional real-valued Gaussians with additional oscillating factors which makes them suitable for approximation of wave functions of highly excited bound states and continuum states as well. Recently, this basis has been successfully applied for calculation of scattering amplitudes of charged particles within the Coulomb wave-packet formalism [2]. Here we examine the CRGB in evaluation of asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) which represent an important information for a description of nuclear reactions, e.g. for calculation of the radiative capture cross-sections in nuclear astrophysics. It is shown that a diagonalisation procedure for the total Hamiltonian matrix in the CRGB results in approximation for a radial part of the bound state wave function from the origin up to the far asymptotic distances, which allows to extract ANCs rather accurately. The values of the ANC found by this way for test local potentials are in full agreement with the results of the conventional methods. The method will be illustrated by calculations of single-particle ANCs for nuclei bound states in cases of non-local nucleon-nucleus interactions, in particular, phenomenological global potentials with the Perey-Buck’s non-locality (see e.g. [3]) and microscopic non-local potentials provided by the Dispersive Optical Model [4].
[1] E. Hiyama, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 01A204 (2012).
[2] D.A. Sailaubek et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 126 (2018).
[3] Y. Tian, D.Y. Pang, Zh. Yu. Ma, Int. J.Mod. Phys. E 1550006 (2015).
[4] W.H. Dickhoff, R.J. Charity, Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys. 105, 252 (2019).Speaker: Dr Olga Rubtsova (Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University) -
94
Continuum-Discretized Coupled Channel description of (d,p) reactions with nonlocal optical potentials
Treating deuteron breakup in (d,p) reaction requires solving three-body Schrodinger equation with nucleon optical potentials. According to a general theory of optical potentials they should be nonlocal. We present two approximate methods to account for this nonlocality within the Continuum-Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method:
(1) we derive a leading-order local-equivalent CDCC model
(2) we solve the CDCC equations with velocity-dependent optical potentials that represent nonlocal optical potential in the next-to-leading order.
Examples of numerical calculations will be given.Speaker: Natalia Timofeyuk (University of Surrey) -
95
Effect of Isospin Averaging for $ppK^-$ Kaonic Cluster
The kaonic cluster $NN{\bar K}(s_{NN}=0)$ is modeled based on the configuration space Faddeev equations. The $N{\bar K}$ interaction is given by isospin-dependent potentials having significant difference between singlet and triplet components. We show that the relation $\left\vert E_{3}(V_{AA}=0)\right\vert~<~2\left\vert E_{2}\right\vert$ is satisfied, where $E_{2}$ is the binding energy of the $N{\bar K}$ subsystem and $E_{3}(V_{AA}=0)$ is the three-body binding energy, when interaction between identical particles is omitted, V_{NN}=0$.Taking into account weak attraction of $NN$ interaction, the relation leads to the evaluation $|E_3|\le 2|E_2|$. The ''isospinless model'' for the kaonic clusters based on the isospin averaged $N{\bar K}$ potential [1,2,3] demonstrates the opposite relation, $\left\vert E_{3}(V_{AA}=0)\right\vert~>~2\left\vert E_{2}\right\vert$. The isospin averaging leads to loosely bound $NN{\bar K}$ system due to reduction of two-body threshold. Numerical calculations using phenomenological potentials will be presented.
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation grant HRD-1345219 and NASA grant NNX09AV07A.
[1] M. Bayar, J. Yamagata-Sekihara and E. Oset, Phys. Rev. C 84, 015209 (2011).
[2] T. Sekihara, E. Oset, A. Ramos, PTEP 123D03 (2016).
[3] N.Barnea, A.Gal, E.Z. Liverts, Physics Letters B 712, 132 (2012).Speaker: Branislav Vlahovic (North Carolina Central University) -
96
How to interpret a noisy dimer-trimer interferometer signal.
The best strategy to precisely determine the energy difference between two adjacent energy levels is to perform an interferometric measurement. If the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not favorable, either due to large unavoidable noise or a naturally small signal, but the signal is many oscillations long, the standard analysis takes advantage of a fast Fourier transform (FFT). What if the signal, due to inherent decay of the coherent oscillations, is not long though?
Such a short, low frequency and low SNR signal was recently obtained in a novel experimental approach to probe the energy level as well as lifetime and collision properties of Efimov trimers in ultra-cold atoms [1]. Here we demonstrate that the correct analysis to this kind of signal is based on a three-parameter (amplitude, frequency and phase) sinusoidal fit applied in the vicinity of various initial parameter values. This allows precise determination of the global minimum in parameter space. By means of randomly generated data with an SNR as low as unity, we show that a dozen or so oscillations suffice to determine the largest frequency contribution with high statistical significance. Unlike FFT, this method is hardly affected by parasite frequencies arising from the large noise.
[1] Y. Yudkin, R. Elbaz, P. Giannakeas, C. H. Greene and L. Khaykovich: A coherent superposition of Feshbach dimers and Efimov trimers (arXiv:1901.02268)
Speaker: Mr Yaakov Yudkin (Physics Department, Bar Ilan University) -
97
Hyperspherical harmonics expansion on Lagrange meshes for bosonic systems in one dimension
A one-dimensional system of bosons interacting with contact and single-Gaussian forces is studied with an expansion in hyperspherical harmonics. The hyperradial potentials are calculated using the link between the hyperspherical harmonics with single-particle harmonic oscillator basis and the coupled hyperradial equations are solved with the Lagrange-mesh method. Extensions of this method are proposed to reach a good convergence with small numbers of mesh points for any truncation on hypermomentum. The convergence on hypermomentum strongly depends on the range of the two-body forces: it is very good for large ranges but deteriorates with their decrease, being the worst for the contact interaction. In all cases the lowest order energy is within 4.5$\%$ of exact solution and shows the correct cubic asymptotic behaviour at large boson numbers. Details of convergence studies are presented for 3, 5, 20 and 100 bosons and a special treatment for three bosons was found to be necessary. For gaussian interaction, the convergence rate improves with increasing boson numbers, similar to three-dimensional systems of bosons.
Speaker: Natalia Timofeyuk (University of Surrey) -
98
Identifying $\alpha$-cluster states in $^{14}\text{O}$, using the thick target inverse kinematics method to measure $\alpha$ strength via resonance scattering.
Since the origin of nuclear physics, cluster structures have been observed in the excited states of many light nuclei.${}^\text{1}$ It is noted that $\alpha$ particles are strong cluster candidates due to their significant binding energy and energy of their first excited state. Evidence for this clustering lies within the energy levels of the compound nucleus formed in scattering reactions, which correspond to resonances in the reaction cross section.
In a commissioning experiment in collaboration with Texas A&M University, the thick target inverse kinematics (TTIK) method has been used to perform continuous measurement of the elastic scattering excitation function of the $^{14}\text{O}$ nucleus. Excited states above the $\alpha$ threshold have been populated using the ${}^4\text{He}({}^{10}\text{C},\alpha){}^{10}\text{C}$ reaction with a radioactive ${}^{10}\text{C}$ beam. A Micromegas gaseous parallel plate detector was used to facilitate high resolution track reconstruction, and silicon strip detector (SSD) arrays employed to reconstruct the energies of the scattered particles.
The current state of the analysis will be presented, starting from track identification via an iterative implementation of the Hough Transformation.
References
- A. Di Pietro et al., "The Inverse Kinematics Thick Target scattering method as a tool to study cluster states in exotic nuclei," Journal of Physics: Conference Series 366, 12013 (2012).
Speaker: A. Hollands (University of Birmingham) -
99
Modelling incomplete fusion of complex nuclei at Coulomb energies: Superheavy element formation
Superheavy elements (SHE) have an atomic number Z ≥ 104, and their existence was predicted almost 50 years ago due to quantum shell effects that influence their stability and decay [1]. SHE production is very challenging (due to very small cross sections in the range of a few picobarns or less), with complete fusion of heavy ions being one of the most successful ways of producing SHEs. The complete fusion mechanism produces neutron-deficient SHEs, making investigation into new methods of production crucial for further progress in SHE research.
The aim of the project is to investigate the incomplete fusion of neutron-rich projectiles with heavy stable targets, following the multi-fragmentation of a projectile at Coulomb energies. This mechanism has not been thoroughly explored yet, and could prove to be an effective way of producing neutron-rich SHE isotopes with low excitation energies [2].
To this aim, a semi-classical dynamical model is being developed by combining a classical trajectory model with stochastic breakup, as implemented in the PLATYPUS code [3], with a dynamical fragmentation theory [4] treatment of two-body clusterisation and decay of a projectile. A finite-difference method solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation in the charge asymmetry coordinate is being employed by way of diagonalising a tridiagonal matrix with periodic boundary conditions.
Currently, this new model is being tested against existing experimental data [2] and after refinement will ultimately be used to make predictions for producing new SHE isotopes in future experiments planned at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and elsewhere [5].
References:
[1] S. Hofmann at al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 180.
[2] C. Borcea et al., Nucl. Phys. A 415 (1984) 169, and references therein.
[3] A. Diaz-Torres, J. Phys. G 37 (2010) 075109; Computer Physics Communication 182 (2011) 1100.
[4] S.N. Kuklin at al., Eur. Phys. J. A 48 (2012) 112.
[5] C. Borcea et al., “Superheavy Elements: A New Paradigm”, Proc. Int. Symp. on Exotic Nuclei (EXON-2016), http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789813226548_0021Speaker: Rafael Van den Bossche (University of Surrey) -
100
Muonic Lithium atoms: nuclear structure corrections to the Lamb-shift
The CREMA collaboration plans to measure the Lamb shift in muonic Lithium atoms,
with the goal to extract the charge radius and confront it to electron scattering data.
For this experiment to be successful, theoretical information on the nuclear structure
corrections to the Lamb shift are needed.
Recently, few-body methods were used to tackle this problem and the most precise
estimate of two-photon exchange corrections were provided for a series of light
muonic atoms with nuclear mass number ranging from 2 to 4 [1]. With respect to previous estimates,
uncertainties were reduced by up to a factor of 5 in certain cases. For the muonic 6Li and 7Li atoms,
there exist only rough estimates based on old experimental data, that suffer from very large uncertainty of about 20%.We will present the first attempt to compute these quantity using the few-body hyper-spherical harmonics technique with a simple nuclear potential [2].
[1] C. Ji, S. Bacca, N. Barnea, O.J. Hernandez, N. Nevo Dinur, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 45 (2018) 093002.
[2] Anna Poggialini, B.Sci thesis, Universita' di Siena, Italy (2019).Speaker: Simone LiMuli (Universität Mainz) -
101
QED in the Clothed-Particle Representation (CPR): a fresh look at positronium bound states description
We have extended our previous applications of the method of unitary clothing transformations (UCTs) in mesodynamics [1] to quantum electrodynamics (QED) [2,3]. Starting from the primary canonical interaction between electromagnetic and electron-positron fields, the QED Hamiltonian has been expressed through a new family of the Hermitean and energy independent interaction operators built up in the $e^2$-order for the clothed electrons and positrons. The problem of describing the bound states in QED in case of the positronium has been considered by using the new interaction. At the beginning, we have evaluated the first correction to positronium ground state energy by using the perturbation theory recipe. It is proved that its value surprisingly coincides with those estimations given in [4] (see formula (1.1) therein). In order to verify such a coincidence beyond the perturbation theory, we are addressing to the partial wave decomposition of the positronium eigenvectors that has been successful when finding the $u$ and $w$ components of the deuteron wave function (WF) [5]. In this context, we derive the partial eigenvalue equation for the para-positronium WFs that belong to the total angular momentum $J$, viz.,
$$ 2p_0\Psi^J(p) + \int_0^\infty\frac{p\text{'}^2dp\text{'}}{p_0p\text{'}_0}\Psi^J(p\text{'})\bar{V}^{J}(p,p\text{'}) = m_\text{p-Ps}\Psi^J(p). $$ Here $\bar{V}^J(p,p\text{'})$ is the partial electron-positron quasipotential derived in the momentum representation from the new $ e^-e^+ $-interaction operator, $m_\text{p-Ps}= m_{e^-}+m_{e^+}+\varepsilon_\text{p-Ps}$ the para-positronium mass and $\varepsilon_\text{p-Ps}$ its binding energy. In turn, we have $$ \bar{V}^J(p,p\text{'})=\bar{\upsilon}^J(\text{Feynman-like})+\bar{\upsilon}^J(\text{off-energy-shell}). $$ Such a separation implies that only the Feynman-like part survives on the energy shell, where $p\text{'}_0=\sqrt{p\text{'}^2+m^2}=p_0=\sqrt{p^2+m^2}$. Our next step will be to solve the eigenvalue equation to obtain the corresponding positronium states in the CPR (see Appendix C in [6]). Finally, our aim is to evaluate the positronium decay rates.
References
- Shebeko A. and Shirokov M., Phys. Part. Nucl. 32 (2001) 31.
- Shebeko A., Clothed particles in mesodynamics, quantum electrodynamics and other field models, In: PoS (Baldin ISHEPP XXII) vol. 225 (2015) 027.
- Arslanaliev A., The method of unitary clothing transformations: application in quantum electrodynamics, Master's diploma in physics, V.N. Karazin National University, Kharkov, Ukraine (2017).
- Smith C., Bound State Description in Quantum Electrodynamics and Chromodynamics, Louvain-la-Neuve, (2002).
- Shebeko A., Few-Body Syst. 54 (2013) 2271.
- Dubovyk I. and Shebeko A., Few-Body Syst. 48 (2010) 109.
Speaker: Mr Yan Kostylenko (V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine) -
102
Search for 7H at ACCULINNA-2
The 7H isotope is the Golden Fleece to be searched by the RIB holders. Until the present moment only upper limits of its lifetime and ground state energy were estimated. Such unbound complicated five-body nuclear system, which has extremely large mass-to-charge ratio, lies far beyond the drip-line and has not been detected yet.
An experimental search for the 7H resonance was performed with the 2H(8He,3He)7H reaction. Beam of the 8He with energy of ~26AMeV provided by ACCULINNA-2 fragment separator interacted with the gaseous cryogenic deuterium target (6 mm thick at 27K and at 1 atm). The detector system was consisted of Si and CsI telescope detectors intended for detection of the recoil 3He and 3H emitted from 7H decay. Сompared with the previous works dedicated to 7H the main advantage and novelty of the used setup was the possibility to measure the angle and energy of the emitted tritium.
Events with a coincidence of detected 3He and 3H was considered as candidates for 7H event. The number of coincidences of the decay products allowed us to estimate the reaction cross-section. Measuring the spectra of 3He under the small angles allows to reconstruct the 7H missing-mass spectrum. The obtained angles and energies of 3He and 3H in coincidence gave a lot of informative angular correlations.
In the report we will present preliminary 7H missing-mass spectrum together with estimation of detection efficiency of the 7H and various angular correlations of reaction products (e.g. missing-mass spectrum with the angle of the emitted tritons). Simulations needed for data analysis has been performed within the ExpertRoot framework [1].
[1] http://er.jinr.ru/
Speaker: Mr Ivan Muzalevskii (JINR) -
103
Solution of the four-body Coulomb problem by the modified Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations
Inspired by the Faddeev-Merkuriev approach [1] we have modified the four-body Faddeev-Yakubovsky [2] equations, writing them in a form suitable to solve the four-body Coulomb problem. The newly developed formalism has been applied to study bound and some resonant states in (Ps)$_2$ and $\overline{H}$-Ps compounds. The first successful attempt to describe low energy Ps-Ps and $\overline{H}$-Ps scattering has been also realized. The aforementioned systems represent great interest for the experiments with antimatter (like AEGIS, ALPHA or GBAR) carried out at CERN .
[1] S. P. Merkuriev Ann. Phys. (N.Y.), vol. 130, p. 395, Jun 1980.
[2] O. A. Yakubovsky, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 5, 937 (1967).Speaker: Rimantas Lazauskas (University of Strasbourg) -
104
Three-Nucleon Force Effects in the FSI configuration of the $d (n, nn) p$ Breakup
We investigated three-nucleon force (3NF) effects in the Final State Interaction (FSI) configuration of the $d (n,nn) p$ breakup reaction. Solutions of the 3N Faddeev equations $[1]$ with the CDBonn nucleon-nucleon potential $[2]$ and the Tucson-Melbourne 3NF $[3]$ give access not only to the elastic scattering observables but also to the three-body breakup ones. In this contribution we focus on an integrated breakup cross section around the final state interaction condition for two neutrons:
$ {d ^2 \sigma \over d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2 } \equiv \left. \int _{S_0-\Delta S}^{S_0+\Delta S} {d^3 \sigma \over d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2 dS} dS \right|_{\Omega_1 = \Omega_2} ~~~~~ ( n + d \to p + (nn) ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(1) $
Here $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2$ represent the directions of the momenta of outgoing neutrons 1 and 2, respectively. For fixed $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2$, the arc-length variable $S$ defines uniquely the three-nucleon kinematics, yielding a specific $(E_1,E_2)$ point on the allowed kinematical curve in the $(E_1,E_2)$ plane, where $E_1$ and $E_2$ are the kinetic energies of neutron 1 and 2, respectively. Choosing an appropriate starting point where $S=0$, $S$ is calculated as a distance taken along the curve from its starting point:
$ S= \int dS = \int \sqrt {(dE_1)^2 + (dE_2)^2 } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(2) $
where $E_1$ and $E_2$ are the kinetic energies of neutron 1 and 2, respectively. The FSI occurs at the condition $E_1=E_2$ at the parameter $S=S_0$.Fig.1 shows the integrated breakup cross section of Eq.(1) at the incident neutron laboratory energy $E_{lab}$=200 MeV with the averaging width parameter $\Delta S$= 20 MeV. The angle $\theta_{lab}$ is the laboratory scattering angle of nucleons 1 and 2, for which the FSI condition is realized.
![Integrated final state interaction configuration breakup cross section for the incident neutron laboratory kinetic energy 200 MeV. The theoretical predictions based solely on a two-nucleon interaction (here the the CDBonn potential $[2]$) are represented by the dotted line, while the results obtained with the two-nucleon potential augmented by the the Tucson-Melbourne 3NF $[3]$ are shown with the solid line.](https://www.mns.kyutech.ac.jp/~kamada/WITALA/PROG/Fig1.png)
We found a large deviation between the theoretical predictions including or not including 3NF. Although the 3NF effects for the elastic scattering cross section are located predominantly in the region starting from middle up to backward scattering angles,the 3NF effects for the integrated FSI configuration breakup cross section are found also at forward scattering angles.- W. Gloeckle, H. Witala, D. Hueber, H. Kamada, J. Golak, Phys. Rep. 274, 107 (1996).
- R. Machleidt, Phys. Rev. C 63, 024001 (2001).
- S. A. Coon, H. K. Han, Few Body Syst. 30,131 (2001).
Speaker: Prof. Hiroyuki Kamada (Kyushu Institute of Technology) -
105
Time-dependent exploration of 3-alpha states in $^{12}$C
We use nuclear time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) to simulate the reaction of three alpha particles at low energy by first fusing two alpha to from $^8$Be* followed by a third alpha impinging during the lifetime of the beryllium resonance. Depending on the energies and impact parameters of the reacting nuclei different outcomes are obtained with some fusion events showing short-lived alpha chain or bent-arm configurations which oscillate with characteristic frequencies in the range 6-15 MeV.
The method assumes a Skyrme-type effective interaction, and intial alpha particles made of antisymmetrised nucleons which are free to develop as single particles. The alpha structures seem to survive during the resonant capture process, following which a more compact final state is reached.
We discuss various typical trajectories showing the range of resonance behaviours observed depending on initial conditions, and comment on perspective for further work, such as a requantisation of the dynamics.
Speaker: Paul Stevenson (University of Surrey) -
106
Universality in few-body physics around the unitary limit
The first evidence for universality in three-body systems was the discovery by Vitally Efimov of the Efimov effect [1], a remarkable feature of the three-body spectrum for identical bosons with resonant short-range interactions. Nowadays it has been realized that the striking features of the Efimov effect are not restricted to three-body systems, but propagate by increasing the number of particles. The Helium atomic system stands very close to the resonant region, thus we propose a simplified description of the few-body Helium system based on Gaussian two-body interactions. Accordingly, we solved the few-body problem within the lowest hyperspherical harmonic channel, and using constraints on the energy spectrum we estimated the energies of the atomic Helium system for up to N=40 atoms at the unitary limit. For N=3 and N=4 Helium atoms these estimates are compared with the results in [2] obtained by driving the realistic LM2M2 He-He potential towards the unitary limit. To the best of our knowledge, there are no energy calculations at the unitary limit for atomic Helium systems with more that four particles, thus our work provides first estimates for them.
[1] V. Efimov, Energy levels arising from resonant two-body forces in a three-body system, Phys. Lett. 33B (1970) 563.
[2] E. Hiyama, M. Kamimura, Phys. Rev. A 90, 052514 (2014).Speaker: Simone LiMuli (Universität Mainz)
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92
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08:30
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08:30
Morning Coffee
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Plenary Session 1 Friday
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107
Study of light nuclei by polarization observables in electron scattering
Electron-induced proton, neutron and deuteron knock-out remains the most versatile probe of the electro-magnetic properties and spin structure of light nuclei. The advent of highly polarized beams and targets and improvements in recoil polarization methods, as well as analysis and simulation techniques, have enabled us to study the statical and dynamical properties of few-body systems with unprecedented precision. Recent experiments at Jefferson Lab (TJNAF) and MAMI will be presented and put into perspective of state-of-the art Faddeev calculations, with focus on the 3He nucleus.
Speaker: Simon Sirca (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, U of Ljubljana) -
108
Universal few-body clusters in cold atoms
Few-body systems can show universal cluster states when their inter-particle scattering length is much larger than range of the interactions. Prime examples are three-body bound states called the Efimov states, which have been argued to appear in various physical systems such as halo nuclei and Hoyle states of 12C, and recently clearly observed in experiments with atoms. Those observations motivated theoretical and experimental attempts to extend the paradaigm of Efimov physics and related universal few-body phenomena towards systems with more than three particles or with higher angular momentum. We will give overview of these studies, together with some of our recent theoretical work with cold atoms toward these directions.
Speaker: Shimpei Endo (Tohoku University) -
109
Giving a twist to Halo states: Helium Dimer and Trimer in Rotation
We will review how to make Helium Dimers, Trimers and the Efimov State of He3 and show how the wavefunction of theses species can be imaged. We then show how quantum dynamics in theses systems can be induced and show movies of the time evolution of a kicked dimer.
Speaker: Reinhard Doerner (University Frankfurt)
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107
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10:45
Morning Coffee
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Parallel Session Friday: Atoms and Molecules
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110
Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate as playground to explore quantum collision and chemistry
Abstract: In this talk I will describe our recent experiments studying spin-dependent quantum transport/collision as well as chemical reactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of ultracold (87Rb) atoms subject to optically-generated “synthetic” spin-orbit coupling (SOC). By performing a “quantum quench” (suddenly reducing the optical Raman coupling that generates the synthetic SOC and gauge fields), we induce head-on collisions between two (dressed) spinor BECs (so called “spin dipole mode”) and study how such spin transport is affected by SOC, revealing rich interplay between quantum interference, many-body interactions, and (im)miscibility between (dressed) spinor condensates [1]. We also demonstrate a new approach of quantum control of (photo) chemical reactions (photoassociation of molecules from atoms) --- a “quantum chemistry interferometry” --- by preparing reactants in (spin) quantum superposition states and interfering multiple reaction pathways [2]. Time permitting, I may briefly discuss our recent realization of a BEC on a “synthetic” cylinder (by cyclicly couple spin states based “synthetic dimensions”) with a synthetic radial magnetic flux, giving rise to a symmetry protected topological band crossings and quantum transport mimicking motion on a Mobius strip in momentum space [3]. Our experimental system can be a rich playground to study physics of interests to AMO physics, quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and even high energy/nuclear physics.
[1] C. Li et al."Spin Current Generation and Relaxation in a Quenched Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate", Nature Comm. 10, 375 (2019)
[2] D.Blasing et al. "Observation of Quantum Interference and Coherent Control in a Photo-Chemical Reaction", PRL 121, 073202 (2018)
[3] C.Li et al., "A Bose-Einstein Condensate on a Synthetic Hall Cylinder", arXiv:1809.02122Speaker: Yong Chen (Purdue Univ) -
111
Four-Body Scale in Universal Few-Boson Systems
We trace the perturbative refinement of the two-boson interaction -- which augments an initial, unitary description by a finite effective range -- up to the six-boson system. Hereby, we expose a significant dependence of the predicted ground-state energies of tetra-, penta-, and hexameres on details of the interaction which is resolved at distances much smaller than the effective range. We demonstrate how to remove this sensitivity from all $\leq 6$-boson systems numerically and semi-analytically with a single four-body contact parameter.
Speaker: Johannes Kirscher (The University of Manchester) -
112
Elastic scattering of three ultracold bosons
Elastic scattering of three bosons at low energy is a fundamental problem in the many-body description of ultracold Bose gases, entering via the three-body scattering hypervolume $D$. We study this quantity for identical bosons that interact via a pairwise finite-range potential. Our calculations cover the regime from strongly repulsive potentials towards attractive potentials supporting multiple two-body bound states and are consistent with the few existing predictions for $D$. In particular, we present the first numerical confirmation of the universal predictions for $D$ that are made in the strongly-interacting regime, where Efimov physics dominates, for a local nonzero-range potential. Our findings highlight how finite-range effects, such as $d$-wave interactions, become important as the interaction strength is reduced.
Speaker: Paul Mestrom (Eindhoven University of Technology) -
113
An investigation for the appearance of long range nuclear potential on the ultra low energy nuclear synthesis
On the three-body kinematics, the author proposed a $general$ $particle$ $\it{transfer}$ (GPT) potential which appears, not only at the three-body break-up threshold, but also at the quasi two-body threshold.The new potential represents a Yukawa-type potential for shorter range,but a $1/r^n$-type potential for longer range. The longer range part of the GPT potential for $n=1$ indicates an attractive Coulomb-like or a gravitational potential. While, $n=2$ includes the Efimov-like potential. The GPT-potential implies the existence of Efimov-like states in the hadron systems. In order to confirm the GPT potential, we investigate the possibility of lanthanum (La)-nucleus creation via the ${\it ultra low energy reaction}$ Cs(2d,$\gamma$)La on the three-ion quasi-molecule
CsD$_2$ in the CsD$_2$Pd$_{12}$-cluster where D-Cs-D (d-Cs-d) three-body bound states and wave functions are calculated. The ${\it wave function overlap}$ value (WFO: $W_{n,m}$) between the La highest nuclear excited state with the quantum number $n=5$, and the lowest CsD$_2$ quasi molecular modified states with the quantum number $m=6$ is of critical importance for the existence of the electro-magnetic (EM) transition in the Cs(2d,$\gamma$)La reaction. We found that the $W_{5,6}$ value is very sensitive to the nuclear potential tail with a two- or three-body $1/r^2$-type long range hadron potential. It gives the ratio: $W_{5,6}^L/W_{5,6}^S\approx 10^7$, where $W_{5,6}^L$ is given by the nuclear force with the long range GPT potential, and $W_{5,6}^S$ is obtained by the usual short range nuclear potential. The ratio corresponds to the E2-transition ratio, where the E1-transition is forbidden in this reaction.This fact means that the quasi molecular state is stable only for the short range nuclear potential, but the nuclear synthesis occurs for the short range nuclear potential with the GPT long range potential. We can conclude that if the reaction occurs, then the GPT potential is confirmed.Speaker: Prof. Shinsho Oryu (Tokyo university of science)
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110
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Parallel Session Friday: Nuclear Reactions
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114
Effects of an induced three-body force in the incident channel of (d,p) reactions
Effects of an induced three-body force in the incident channel of (d,p) reactions
M. J. Dinmore, N. K. Timofeyuk, J. S. Al-Khalili, R. C. Johnson.
University of Surrey, United KingdomA widely accepted practice for treating deuteron breakup in A(d,p)B reactions relies on solving a three-body A+n+p Schrodinger equation with pairwise A-n, A-p and n-p interactions. However, it was shown in [1] that projection of the many-body A+2 wave function into the three-body A+n+p channel results in a complicated three-body operator that cannot be reduced to a sum of pairwise potentials. It contains explicit contributions from terms that include interactions between the neutron and proton via excitation of the target A. Such terms are normally neglected. We estimate the first order contribution of these induced three-body terms and show that applying the adiabatic approximation to solving the A+n+p model results in a simple modification of the two-body nucleon optical potentials. We illustrate the role of these terms for the case of 40Ca(d,p)41Ca transfer reactions at incident deuteron energies of 11.8, 20 and 56 MeV, using several parameterisations of nonlocal optical potentials.
[1] R.C. Johnson and N.K. Timofeyuk, Phys. Rev. C 89, 024605 (2014).
Speaker: Mr Michael Dinmore (University of Surrey) -
115
Analysis of breakup of halo nuclei using configuration space Faddeev-Yakubovsky formalism
Experimentally and theoretically, the study of the structure of the halo bound nuclei is nowadays an active research topic of interest. One of the reasons of this huge interest is that, being loosely bound, the halo nuclei, when used as projectiles in nuclear reactions, they can easily breakup. This immediately brings the question of which of the interactions between nuclear and Coulomb, plays a prominent role in the breakup. Thus, the nuclear-Coulomb interferences are of importance. Moreover, the easy breakup makes the breakup reactions a useful tool to study the structure and dynamics of the halo nuclei themselves. However, the full understanding of the dynamics of the breakup reactions, for example, the study of the breakup cross sections, is far from being established. Additionally, the influence of the breakup reactions on other reaction channels such as fusion (complete or incomplete) and elastic scattering breakup is yet to be fully understood. The latter point is underscored by the new data in Ref. [1], which cannot be understood in terms of fusion and transfer cross sections, where the projectile is treated as a two-body system, making its interaction with the target a three-body problem. In this work, we perform the four-body analysis of the breakup reactions involving halo projectiles. This is relatively a difficult problem, which needs innovative techniques in order to have numerical traction. We use the configuration space Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations for our formalism, and computationally we use the GPU-based calculations of our newly developed four-body numerical technique [2].
References
1. D Chattopadhyaya, et al. Phys. Rev. C94, 061602(R) (2016).
2. K Chitakwa [Private Communication].*Corresponding author
Speaker: Prof. Mantile Leslie Lekala (University of South Africa) -
116
Multi-neutron transfer in the scattering of 8He at Coulomb barrier energies
The study of neutron clusters in light nuclei has attracted considerable attention during recent years. Although the two-neutron system is unbound, there are evidences of its existence in exotic neutron rich nuclear systems like 6He and 8He [1, 2, 3]. The predominance of the dineutron configuration in the ground state of 6He has been well established both theoretically and experimentally, but the case of 8He is still an open question. The scattering of 8He by 208Pb has been investigated in a range of energies around the Coulomb barrier at the SPIRAL facility (GANIL, Caen, France), and the cross-sections for producing 6He and 4He have been measured in a large angular range (15 – 165 deg. lab) [4]. In order to reproduce the data we have carried out CRC calculations for one-neutron stripping and DWBA calculations for two- and four-neutron transfer mechanisms. The relative contributions of sequential and direct transfers are discussed and compared with the experimental results.
References
1. M.V. Zhukov et al., Phys. Rep. 231, 151 (1993).
2. G.M. Ter-Akopian et al., Phys. Lett. B426, 251 (1998).
3. K. Rusek et al., Acta Phys. Pol. B49, 353 (2018).
4. G. Marquínez-Durán et al., Phys. Rev. C98, 034615 (2018).Speaker: Prof. Ismael Martel Bravo (Univ. Liverpool (UK), Univ. Huelva (Spain)) -
117
Few-body results for 12C(p,pN) at high energies
R. Crespo 1,2, E. Cravo 3 and A. Deltuva 4
(1) Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa,Av. Rovisco Pais 1,1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
(2) Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Universidade de Lisboa,Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
(3) Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016~Lisboa, Portugal
(4) Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
Contact e-mail: raquel.crespo@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
Nucleon knockout reactions have been used to extract single particle information from nuclei. The analysis of nucleon knockout from a stable projectile in the collision with a proton target and the comparison with the experimental data is a key test for the reaction and structure models used to evaluate the reaction observables.
Three-body Faddeev/Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas (Faddeev/AGS) equations for transition operators [1,2] have been solved for p- and n-knockout from 12C at 400 Mev/u, assuming that only the heavy fragment or core C (taken as inert), the knockout particle N, and the proton target p participate in the collision process [3].
We present calculated kinematically fully exclusive, semi-inclusive and inclusive cross sections and an analysis of the
(i) dominant kinematic conditions of the emitted particles;
(ii) isospin dependence (here p- and n- knockout) of the calculated reaction cross sections.
(iii) Final state interaction (FSI) to the calculated observables
A comparison with available data [4] is shown. Future developments are discussed.
REFERENCES
[1] L. D. Faddeev. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 39, 1459 (1960).
[2] E.~O. Alt, P. Grassberger, and W. Sandhas, Nucl.~Phys. {\bf B2}, 167 (1967).
[3] R. Crespo, E. Cravo, A. Deltuva, to be published in Phys Fev C.
[4] V. Panin, et al, Phys. Lett. B 753, 204 (2016).
Speaker: Dr Arnoldas Deltuva (Vilnius University)
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114
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13:00
Lunch
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Parallel Session Friday: Atoms and Molecules
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118
Low-dimensional few-body collisional processes in atom-ion traps
In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing interest in ultracold hybrid atomic-ion systems. It is caused by the new opportunities opening here for modeling various quantum system and processes with controllable properties. Particularly, in the recent paper of Melezhik and Negretti[1] the confinement-induced resonances (CIRs) in ultracold hybrid atom-ion systems were predicted, which can be used for controlling the effective atom-ion interaction.
In my talk I will present recent results of my group on the few-body atom-ion systems. It is quantitative description of collisional dynamics near atom-ion CIRs with including the effect of the irremovable ion ``micromotion’’ in the Paul trap. Another problem was to extend the fundamental result by Olshanii[2] - the prediction of the s-wave CIRs in one-center confined problem - to the two-center confined problem[3]. While recovering the usual result when the scattering centers coincide [2,4], the conditions of CIR appearance for the general two-center case were derived. Our results can be potentially applicable in a number of hot problems in physics of cold atoms and ions: confined atomic scattering by fixed impurities, such as ions, Rydberg atoms or two-atomic molecules, with possible extension to N impurities.References
[1] V.S. Melezhik and A. Negretti, Phys. Rev. A94, 022704 (2016).
[2] M. Olshanii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 938 (1998).
[3] S. Shadmehri and V.S. Melezhik, Phys. Rev. A99, 032705 (2019).
[4] E.Haller, M.J. Mark, R. Hart, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsӧlner, V.S. Melezhik, P. Schmelcher, and
H.C. Nӓgerl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 153203 (2010).Speaker: Prof. Vladimir Melezhik (Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) -
119
Three-body correlations in mesonic-atom-like systems
Mesonic atoms are the Coulomb bound systems of a nucleus and mesons. They interact with short-range strong interactions in addition to the long-range Coulomb potential. Studies of such kind of systems lead to the understanding of the short-range interactions such as meson-nucleon interactions. In Ref. [J.-M. Richard, C. Fayard, Phys. Lett. A 381, 3217-3221 (2017)], a system consisting of identical bosons that interact with schematic long- and short-range attractive potentials was studied as the simplest case. Importance of the three-body correlations was discussed by varying the strength of the short-range interaction. Extending that study, we employ more realistic three-body models. The one consists of identical bosons that interact with the long-range Coulomb and short-range potentials. The other consists of two identical bosons and one different boson that has half mass and opposite charge of the other bosons. We discuss the changes in the binding energy with respect to the strength of the short-range interaction and define the critical strength of the short-range interaction where the three-body correlations are not negligible.
Speaker: Hajime Moriya (Hokkaido Univ.) -
120
Scattering phase shifts and mixing angles for an arbitrary number of coupled channels on the lattice
We present a lattice method for determining scattering phase shifts and mixing angles for the case of an arbitrary number of coupled channels. Previous lattice studies were restricted to mixing of up to two partial waves for scattering of two spin-$1/2$ particles, which is insufficient for analyzing nucleon-nucleus or nucleus-nucleus scattering processes. In the proposed method, the phase shifts and mixing angles are extracted from the radial wave functions obtained by projecting the three-dimensional lattice Hamiltonian onto the partial wave basis. We use a spherical wall potential as a boundary condition along with a channel-mixing auxiliary potential to construct the full-rank S-matrix. Our method can be applied to any type of particles, but we focus here on scattering of two spin-$1$ bosons involving up to four coupled channels. For a considered test potential, the phase shifts and mixing angles extracted on the lattice are shown to agree with the ones calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation in the continuum.
Speaker: Lukas Bovermann (Ruhr-Universität Bochum) -
121
Solving the few-body problem with artificial neural networks
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have recently been used to solve a variety of quantum few- and many-body problems [1,2]. ANNs efficiently encapsulate information of the wavefunction and can be used to effectively solve variational problems [3]. I will discuss an implementation of these methods to solve a benchmark nuclear physics problem – the ground state of the deuteron [4]. I will describe the ANN architecture, training, and energy minimisation algorithm that is used in this first application to theoretical nuclear physics. I will then consider the extension to higher mass numbers, and identify challenges in the use of ANNs for nuclear theory applications.
[1] – G. Carleo and M. Troyer, Science 355, 602 (2017) doi:10.1126/science.aag2302
[2] – H. Saito, J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 87, 074002 (2018), doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.074002
[3] – V. Dunjko and H. J. Briegel, Rep. Prog. Phys. 81, 074001 (2018) doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aab406
[4] – V. G. K. Stoks, P. C. van campen, W. Spit and J. J. de Swart, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1932 (1988) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1932Speaker: Mr James Keeble (University of Surrey)
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118
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Parallel Session Friday: Few-Nucleon Systems
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122
Study of deuteron-proton backward elastic scattering at intermediate energies.
We study deuteron- proton elastic scattering in the deuteron energy range between
500 MeV and 2 GeV at the cms scattering angle of 180$^0$. The simplest reaction mechanism is one-nucleon-exchange (ONE). But the ONE-predictions are in a disagreement with the experimental data both for the differential cross section and polarization observables.In this report we consider deuteron- proton elastic scattering in the relativistic multiple scattering expansion framework [1-3]. We start from the AGS-equations and iterate them up to a second-order of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The four reaction mechanisms are included into consideration: one-nucleon exchange, single scattering, double scattering, and the term corresponding to the delta excitation in the intermediate state.
The model is applied to describe the energy dependence of the differential cross section and polarisation observables such as tensor analyzing power $T_{20}$ and polarization transfer from deuteron to proton $\varkappa$. Contributions of the different reaction mechanisms into the reaction amplitude are demonstrated in comparison with the existing experimental data.
[1] N.B. Ladygina, Eur.Phys.J. A52, 199 (2016).
[2] N.B. Ladygina, Phys.Atom.Nucl. 71, 2039 (2008).
[3] N.B. Ladygina, Eur.Phys.J.A42, 91 (2009).
Speaker: Dr Nadezhda Ladygina (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) -
123
Three-nucleon force effects in nucleon-deuteron scattering at backward angles
The necessity of three-nucleon potentials (3NPs) in the nuclear Hamiltonian in addition to two-nucleon potentials (2NPs) is well recognized. A 3NP based on two-pion exchange process among three nucleons (2piE) is often used in few-nucleon calculations, where its strong attractive effect is suppressed by a form factor with a low value of the cutoff mass parameter (about 700 MeV).
In spite of various successful 2piE-3NP effects on 3N observables, there are still unsolved discrepancies between experimental data and calculations. A typical example is the differential cross sections at backward angles for intermediate energy elastic nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering.
In this work, Nd cross sections are studied using Hamiltonian models consisting of a two-nucleon potential and 2piE-3NPs with a large cutoff mass parameter by adding phenomenological repulsive 3NPs as a counterpart. The use of the large cutoff mass parameter brings an increase of the ND cross sections at backward angles, which tends to reduce the discrepancies between previous calculations and data. This indicates an importance of the pion-exchange process at medium range region in the 2piE-3NP. Furthermore, possible spin-dependence of phenomenological repulsive 3NPs will be discussed in comparing with ND polarization observables.Speaker: Prof. Souichi Ishikawa (Hosei University) -
124
Correlation analysis and statistical uncertainty of three-nucleon scattering observables
The ab-initio theoretical study of the three-nucleon (3N) observables for the nucleon elastic and inelastic scattering on the deuteron is possible using realistic models of nuclear forces. Such models contain a number of free parameters whose values are typically fixed using the two-nucleon data. In case of few models, as the One-Pion-Exchange-Gaussian (OPE-Gaussian) force [1] or the chiral force with the semilocal momentum-space regularization [2] derived by Bochum group even beyond the fifth order of chiral expansion (N4LO), in addition to the central values of parameters also their correlation matrix has been determined. The knowledge of the correlation matrix of the potential parameters opens new possibilities in studies of few-nucleon systems. In this presentation I will give two examples of such studies:
Firstly, we have applied the OPE-Gaussian force and the chiral N4LO potential with the semilocal momentum space regularization to study the propagation of uncertainties of two-nucleon interaction parameters to 3N scattering observables [3, 4] and have determined corresponding statistical uncertainty of these observables for the first time.
Secondly, we have investigated correlations between various two- and three-nucleon observables as well as between observables and specific potential parameters. While the complex structure of 3N scattering equations makes analytical studies of such correlations extremely difficult, the statistical approach can be here successfully applied. Knowledge of correlations between observables increases our understanding of 3N Hamiltonian. That piece of information is also necessary for a correct and precise performing the fitting procedure for many-body interactions. Our study indicates which of the 3N observables are particularly useful in this context.
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R. Navarro Pérez, J. E. Amaro, and E. Ruiz Arriola, Phys. Rev. C89, 064006 (2014).
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P. Reinert, H. Krebs, and E. Epelbaum, Eur. Phys. J. A54, 86 (2018).
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R. Skibiński et al., Phys. Rev. C98, 014001 (2018).
Speaker: Mr Yuriy Volkotrub (Jagiellonian University) -
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125
The $D_{03}(2380)$ dibaryon resonance excitation in $pd$ collision in the GeV region
At present as one of the most realistic candidate to dibaryon resonance is considered the resonance $D_{IJ}=D_{03}$ observed by WASA@COSY \cite{WASA11} in the total cross section of the reaction of two-pion production $pn\to d\pi^0\pi^0$, here $I$ is the isospin and $J$ is the total angular momentum of this resonance. Very similar resonance structure was observed by ANKE@COSY in the differential cross section of the two-pion production reaction $pd\to pd \pi\pi$ at beam energies 0.8-2.0~GeV with high transferred momentum to the deuteron at small scattering angles of the final proton and deuteron \cite{Cyrkov}. In the distribution over the invariant mass $M_{d\pi\pi}$ of the final $d\pi\pi$ system the resonance peaks were observed at $M_{d\pi\pi}\approx 2.38$~GeV \cite{Cyrkov} that is the mass of the isoscalar two-baryon resonance $D_{IJ}=D_{03}$, while the kinematic conditions differ considerably from that in Ref. \cite{WASA11}. This data we analyzed in Ref.\cite{UzikovTurs} assuming excitation of the $D_{03}$ resonance via t-channel $\sigma$-meson exchange between the proton and deuteron and using the two-resonance mechanism of the $D_{03}$ resonance decay \cite{PK2013}. The shapes of the distributions over the invariant masses of the final $d\pi\pi$ and $\pi\pi$ systems were explained qualitatively in \cite{UzikovTurs} assuming the lowest values of the orbital angular momenta in the vertices $\sigma d\to D_{03}$ ($L=2$), $D_{03}\to D_{12}+\pi$ ($l_1=1$), $D_{12}\to d+\pi$ ($l_2=1$). In this work we study the role of higher orbital momenta in those vertices ($L=2,4,~l_1=1,3,5,~l_2=1,3$). Furthermore, a contribution of the $D_{03}$ excitation to the $pd$-backward elastic scattering is studied in the 1 GeV region.
\bibitem{WASA11} P.~Adlarson {\it et al.}, (WASA@COSY Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bfseries 106}, 242302 (2011).
\bibitem{Cyrkov} V.~Komarov et al. (ANKE@COSY Collab.) Eur. Phys. J. {\bfseries 54}, 206 (2018).
\bibitem{UzikovTurs} Yu.~Uzikov, N.~Tursunbayev, EPJ Web Conf. {\bfseries 204}, 08010 (2019).
\bibitem{PK2013} M.N.~Platonova, V.I.~Kukulin, Phys. Rev. C {\bf 87}, 025202 (2013).Speaker: Nurbek Tursunbayev (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research)
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122
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15:45
Afternoon Coffee
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Final session
Poster awards, summary talk
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16:15
Poster Prize Awards
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126
Experiments and analyses aimed at understanding nuclear clustering
The experimental programme at Birmingham in the the area of light nuclei focuses on nuclear cluster states. Recent investigations including a new limit on the direct decay of the carbon-12 Hoyle state, the use of machine learning to extract cluster signatures from resonant scattering data for medium-mass nuclei, and precision investigations into cluster and molecular candidate states in the oxygen isotopes. Additionally, resonances in the key X-ray-burst nucleus, neon-19, have been elucidated.
A selection of these highlights will be presented.Speaker: Dr Carl Wheldon (University of Birmingham) -
127
Few-body physics: getting more effective
Over the last twenty years, the language of universality, the renormalisation group, and effective field theory has become central to few-body physics. The original application of these ideas to strongly-interacting, nonrelativistic particles was to nuclear forces, where they have led to improved descriptions of few-nucleon systems and better understanding of the role of three-body forces. Since then they have been realised most dramatically in systems of ultracold atoms. In this talk, I discuss some recent developments in applications to nuclear forces, hadronic molecules, clustering in nuclei, and atomic systems. I also look at some of the questions that remain open, particularly in the context of nuclear reactions.
Speaker: Prof. Mike Birse (University of Manchester)
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16:15
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08:30
