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{
  \begin{minipage}{0.25\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[height=7.5em]{iris-logo.png}
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{
  \LARGE
  \vspace{0.5em}\\
  IRIS-HEP: A new software institute to prepare for the data from the\\
  High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider in the exabyte era
}
{
  \vspace{0.5em}
  Mason Proffitt, Gordon Watts, Emma Torró (University of Washington, Seattle)
}
{
  \begin{minipage}{0.25\textwidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[height=8em]{serveimage.png}
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\headerbox{Introduction}{name=introduction,column=0,span=6}{
  \begin{columns}
    \column{0.5\textwidth}
        \begin{minipage}{\textwidth - 0.5em}
            \begin{itemize}[itemsep=1em]
                \item The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the most powerful particle collider and a vital tool in the search for new physics, as demonstrated by its discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012
                \item Since starting in 2008, the LHC has presented enormous computing challenges in the collection, transfer, storage, and processing of hundreds of petabytes (PB) of collision data
                \item In 2026, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will begin running and  will aim to collect \textasciitilde10 times as much data as all the standard LHC runs in 2010-2023
                \item Expected increases in disk space and performance of the currently used storage and CPU technologies will not be sufficient to accommodate the full HL-LHC dataset (Figure \ref{fig:resources})
                \item The Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics (IRIS-HEP) was established in 2018 to close the gap between LHC computing needs and expected resources and to optimize the interfaces used by physicists for data analysis
            \end{itemize}
        \end{minipage}
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            \vfill
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        \begin{minipage}{\textwidth - 0.5em}
            \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
                \item IRIS-HEP is funded by the National Science Foundation and is distributed across several US universities. It incorporates six different focus areas: Innovative Algorithms; Data Organization, Management, and Access (DOMA); Analysis Systems; the Scalable Systems Laboratory (SSL); the Open Science Grid (OSG); and the Software Sustainability Core (SSC)
            \end{itemize}
            \vspace{1em}
            \begin{figure}[H]
                \centering
                \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
                    \centering
                    \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{disk-final.pdf}
                    \caption{Disk usage}
                    \label{fig:disk}
                \end{subfigure}
                \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
                    \centering
                    \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{cpu-final.pdf}
                    \caption{CPU usage}
                    \label{fig:cpu}
                \end{subfigure}
                \vspace{0.5em}
                \caption{Projected ATLAS computing demands (blue) versus available resources with a flat annual budget (red)}
                \label{fig:resources}
            \end{figure}
        \end{minipage}
  \end{columns}
}
\headerbox{Innovative Algorithms}{name=algorithms,column=0,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Improve use of vectorization and parallelization techniques in HEP software
        \item Research algorithms that can be run on non-CPU processors such as GPUs and FPGAs
        \item Investigate use of machine learning techniques for trigger and reconstruction software
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{DOMA}{name=doma,column=1,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Assess needs in terms of atomic data sizes and shapes, compression, and caching models
        \item Prototype consolidated, high-capacity ``data lakes'' to adapt to demand
        \item Study possible use of other data distribution techniques like content delivery networks
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{Analysis Systems}{name=as,column=2,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Develop analysis interfaces focusing on abstract declarative programming rather than imperative methods
        \item Investigate new query-based interfaces for retrieving data
        \item Improve ease of analysis reproducibility and data reinterpretation
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{SSL}{name=ssl,column=3,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Provide IRIS-HEP and HL-LHC experiments with access to scalable platforms for development and testing
        \item Research into accelerated hardware that is or will potentially be available
        \item Facilitate integration with Open Science Grid infrastructure
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{OSG}{name=osg,column=4,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Operate and maintain infrastructure providing US computing services for the LHC experiments
        \item Develop software that can reduce network traffic and latency
        \item Monitor and support network performance and security
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{SSC}{name=ssc,column=5,below=introduction,span=1}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item Provide computing education and outreach for the HEP community
        \item Run workshops and training sessions at all skill levels
        \item Identify and promote software best practices
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{Analysis Systems Example}{name=example,column=0,below=algorithms,span=4}{
    \begin{minipage}{0.35\textwidth - 0.5em}
        \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
            \item At the University of Washington, we have begun work on a proof-of-concept project demonstrating a query-based analysis interface (Figure \ref{fig:diagram})
            \item GitHub repository:
            \vspace{0.5em}
            \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
                \item \url{https://github.com/gordonwatts/BDTTrainingAnalysisLanguage/}
            \end{itemize}
        \end{itemize}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{1em}
        \vfill
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.65\textwidth - 0.5em}
        \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
            \item Description:
            \vspace{0.5em}
            \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
                \item An analysis user utilizes a Python front end composed of SQL-like query methods to select and transform data
                \item The query is processed as an abstract syntax tree (AST), with extra modifications made for optimization
                \item The back end converts this AST into new code specific to the location and format of the data
                \item The generated code is run in a Docker container, and the requested transformed data is returned to the user
            \end{itemize}
        \end{itemize}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{figure}[H]
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{diagram.pdf}
        \caption{Schematic of prototype analysis interface}
        \label{fig:diagram}
    \end{figure}
}
\headerbox{Summary}{name=summary,column=4,below=osg,span=2}{
    \begin{itemize}[itemsep=0.5em]
        \item A new institution called IRIS-HEP has been established to coordinate HL-LHC computing services and resources and design the tools necessary for data analysis
        \item The University of Washington team has started work on a high-level, query-based analysis interface that is capable of running on several different data file formats
        \item Proof-of-concept code has been demonstrated and tested at a basic level
        \item Project improvement and development driven by real physics analysis needs
    \end{itemize}
}
\headerbox{References}{name=references,column=4,below=summary,span=2}{
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand{\section}[2]{}
    \begin{thebibliography}{}
      \setlength{\itemsep}{0.5em}
      \setlength{\parskip}{0em}
      \bibitem{paper} Elmer, P., Neubauer, M. \& Sokoloff, M. D. Strategic plan for a scientific software innovation institute (S2I2) for high energy physics. Preprint at\\
      \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06592} (2017).
      \bibitem{report} IRIS-HEP Quarterly Report for December 2018, January and February 2019. (2019).
      \bibitem{website} \textit{Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics}.\\
      \url{http://iris-hep.org/} (2019).
    \end{thebibliography}
  \endgroup
}
\headerbox{Acknowledgements}{name=acknowledgements,column=4,below=references,span=2}{
    \begin{minipage}{6em}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[height=4em]{nsf.png}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{\textwidth - 6em - 0.5em}
        This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement OAC-1836650. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
    \end{minipage}
}
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