In its most basic form, the highly successful $\Lambda$CDM cosmology can be encapsulated in six parameters. Once these parameters are specified, so too is a wide variety of phenomena, from fluctuations in the microwave background to the growth of structure to the evolution of the expansion rate of the Universe. I will review the predictions related to cosmological structure formation, focusing...
Primordial black holes from the early Universe constitute an attractive non-particle dark matter candidate. I will review their current status and outline prospects for discovery.
Dark Matter and dark sectors are the target of an increasingly large number of experiments at accelerators and colliders. I will review some of the candidates being targeted, current experiments and new results, and exciting ideas that are being proposed for the future.
Does the non-baryon 95% of the universe possess specific physical characteristics that can be compared to those of a gas or a fluid, and can it interact with ordinary matter in a direct way other than gravitational interaction? By using the Lorentz factor in Stokes' law as the apparent-viscosity coefficient of space, which is treated as a dark fluid with non-Newtonian and dilatant...
We use FIRE-2 zoom cosmological simulations of Milky Way size galaxy halos to calculate astrophysical J-factors for dark matter annihilation and indirect detection studies. In addition to velocity-independent (s-wave) annihilation cross sections σv, we also calculate effective J-factors for velocity-dependent models, where the annihilation cross section is either either p-wave (∝v2/c2) or...
Recent advances in gravitational wave detection have opened new doors for probing the physics of the early universe, raising the possibility of finding gravitational-wave evidence for the existence of dark matter candidates that have not yet been detected by other methods. In particular, this possibility has motivated the exploration of topological defect formation and decay associated with...
Dark Matter Radio 50L (DMRadio-50L) is a resonant, lumped-element detector searching for low-mass axion dark matter. The detector will have a toroidal superconducting magnet enclosed by a superconducting sheath connected to a high-Q tunable LC resonator. In this talk, I will outline the calibration plan the experiment will employ to determine its end-to-end sensitivity. A variety of methods...
The existence of dark matter (DM) has been well-established by repeated experiments probing various length scales. Even though DM is expected to make up 85% of the current matter content of the Universe, its nature remains unknown. One broad class of corpuscular DM motivated by Standard Model (SM) extensions is weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). WIMPs can generically have a non-zero...
Authors:
Rustam Balafendiev, Pavel Belov, Alex Droster, Maxim Gorlach, Nolan Kowitt, Samantha Lewis, Dajie Sun, Mackenzie Wooten, Karl van Bibber
Recent theoretical work predicts the mass of the post-inflation axion to lie above 40𝜇eV (~10 GHz) [1], higher than where microwave cavity experiments can effectively reach, owing to the steeply decreasing volume of the cavity with frequency. It...
The Migdal Effect has seen a surge of interest in recent years, and has been leveraged to set what are in fact the strongest limits on nuclear recoils of dark matter below masses of a few GeV. While the existence of the Migdal Effect only relies on fairly basic quantum mechanics, the matrix elements involved have never been directly calibrated. I lay out the importance of measuring the Migdal...
Axions are a well-motivated dark matter candidate, which currently have a wide open and accessible parameter space, with few constraints on their mass and coupling strength to photons. The DMRadio-50L experiment seeks to explore a wide portion of this axion parameter space (between 5 kHz - 5 MHz), taking advantage of lumped element high-Q resonators with optimal out-of-band sensitivity....
Targeting the DFSZ model of the axion between 30 and 200 MHz and the KSVZ model down to 10 MHz, DMRadio-m3 will operate a lumped-element LC resonator at unprecedented sensitivities. The m3 experiment uses a 4.6 T superconducting solenoidal magnet design, as opposed to the toroidal design that is intended for the DMRadio-50L search. The m3 detector is comprised of a lumped element LC resonator...
The SPLENDOR (Search for Particles of Light Dark Matter with Narrow-gap Semiconductors) experiment is a search for light dark matter via the electron-recoil interaction channel, taking advantage of novel single-crystal narrow-bandgap (order 10-100 meV) semiconductors. Synthesized within the collaboration, the properties of these designer materials imply low dark counts when operated as...
Authors: Cosmin Ilie, Caleb Levy, Jacob Pilawa, Katherine Freese, Saiyang Zhang
The first stars in the Universe, soon to be observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can be extremely powerful DM probes. If DM does not play a significant role in the formation of some of the first stars, then, zero metallicity Hydrogen burners (Population III stars) form. Conversely, for scenarios...
Authors: Cosmin Ilie, Jillian Paulin
The nature of the first stars in the universe is, of yet, an unresolved problem in cosmology. One theoretical model is supermassive dark stars (SMDS), which would be powered predominantly by dark matter annihilation. The launch of JWST has led to the discovery of many high-redshift galaxy candidates. This presents a dilemma: present cosmological...
Gravitation wave searches have been mainly focused on the nHz to kHz frequency range, corresponding to known astrophysical objects. We focus our search instead on higher frequencies which may indicate signs of in-spiraling primordial black holes, or other beyond the standard model phenomena. ABRACADABRA-10cm has had great success as a lumped-element axion experiment; using the electromagnetic...
Interactions between dark matter (DM) and baryons in which the cross section scales with relative particle velocity as $𝑣^{−4}$ has enjoyed a lot of attention in DM literature as a generalization of the popular millicharge model. This model has interesting astrophysical phenomenology and was previously proposed as a mechanism to cool down hydrogen at Cosmic Dawn and alter the global 21-cm...
Sterile neutrinos represent a clear extension of the Standard Model with multiple potential cosmological signatures. We numerically follow the cosmic production of sterile neutrino dark matter to constrain the mass-mixing angle parameter space, leading to a better understanding of the models which remain viable for further study in future experimental probes. In the small mixing angle regime,...
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is compelling because it could solve the small-scale structure formation problems and it arises generically in new physics models with dark sectors. Using simulations of the Milky Way with moderate cross sections, we motivate velocity-dependent cross sections with large values for the cross section at the velocities relevant for dwarf halos. These cross...
Authors:Arijit Das, Christopher Hirata, Emily Koivu, Makana Silva, Gabriel Vasquez
Primordial black holes (PBHs) within the mass range 10$^{17}$ - 10$^{22}$ g are a favorable candidate for describing part of or all the dark matter in the Universe. Towards the lower end of this mass range the Hawking temperature is approximately 100 keV or higher, allowing for the creation of electron -...
Future liquid xenon direct-detection experiments, such as DARWIN, need to be larger and cleaner than those currently running. Both of these goals will certainly require advances in detector technology.
The Pancake facility, with its 3 m diameter cryostat, allows the development and testing of individual full-scale components such as new electrodes in an environment very similar to the...
We present a theory to estimate dark matter particle mass, size and other properties based on the scaling laws identified from galaxy rotation curves and N-body simulations (Illustris project etc.). The existence of energy cascade in the hierarchical formation of dark matter halos leads to a two-thirds power law for kinetic energy and a four-thirds power law for halo core density with the...
A supersonic relative velocity between dark matter (DM) and baryons--the stream velocity--at the time of recombination induces the formation of low-mass objects with anomalous properties in the early universe. We investigate objects we term Dark Matter + Gas Halos Offset by Streaming (DM GHOSts)--diffuse, DM-enriched structures formed because of a physical offset between the centers of mass of...
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) can impact the dark matter halo of the Milky Way, and boost the dark matter velocity distribution in the Solar neighborhood. Cosmological simulations that sample potential Milky Way formation histories are powerful tools, which can be used to characterize the signatures of the LMC’s interaction with the Milky Way, and can provide crucial insight on the LMC’s...
In the age of gravitational wave astronomy and direct black hole imaging, the possibility that some of the black holes in the universe have a primordial, rather than stellar origin, and that they might be a non-negligible fraction of the cosmological dark matter, is quite intriguing. I will review the status of the field, and comment on search strategies and future prospects for detection...
Cosmological observables, from the CMB anisotropy to the census of galaxies in the early and local universe, offer the most direct and broad tests for the nature of dark matter, including a number of scenarios that are challenging or even impossible to test in a laboratory setting. I will review the status of the recent early-universe and late-universe searches for the identity of dark matter,...
I will discuss recent work on self-interacting dark matter in light of the latest observations and numerical simulations. In particular, I will highlight novel signatures of gravothermal collapse of dark matter halos, a unique prediction if dark matter has strong self-interactions.
One of the frontiers for advancing what is known about dark matter lies in using strong gravitational lenses to characterize the population of the smallest dark matter halos. There is a large volume of information in strong gravitational lens images so the question we seek to answer is to what extent we can refine this information. To this end, I will discuss recent forecasts of the...
In the standard model of structure formation (i.e., ΛCDM), large relative velocities between baryons and dark matter are predicted at the time of recombination. These velocities cause the formation of Supersonically Induced Gas Objects, or SIGOs. SIGOs are a natural consequence of ΛCDM structure formation. In particular, they are characterized by low dark matter abundances and metallicities,...
I present dark matter indirect detection predictions (J-factors) for the Galactic-center using 12 highly-resolved, hydrodynamic FIRE-2 zoom cosmological simulations of Milky Way size galaxies. In addition to velocity-independent (s-wave) annihilation cross-sections ⟨σv⟩, we also calculate effective J-factors for velocity-dependent models, where the annihilation cross-section is either p-wave...
Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies provides us with a powerful laboratory for testing dark matter models. Various particle models for dark matter give rise to different small-scale distributions of mass in the lens galaxy, which can be differentiated if the observation is sensitive enough. The sensitivity of a gravitational lens observation to the presence (or absence) of low-mass dark...
I will describe new cosmological zoom-in simulation suites that accurately resolve small-scale structure in the presence of novel dark matter physics. These simulations target Milky Way and strong lens analogs with initial conditions appropriate for a large variety of warm, interacting, and fuzzy dark matter models at and below current observational limits. Several of these simulations include...
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is promising to solve or at least mitigate small-scale problems of cold collisionless dark matter. N-body simulations have proven to be a powerful tool to study SIDM within the astrophysical context. However, it turned out to be difficult to simulate dark matter models that typically scatter about a small angle, for example, light mediator models. We...
Despite attempts to constrain the nature of dark matter over the last few decades, the parameter space has continuously broadened. We have designed a novel search technique for ultralight dark matter using the Breakthrough Listen public data release of Green Bank Telescope data that aims to match the broad theoretical scope with an equally broad model-independent strategy. The search concept...
Many theories of dark matter predict suppression on the linear matter power spectrum at small scales ($k > \sim 10\,{\rm h/Mpc}$). The suppression can lower the abundance of low-mass haloes (galaxies) at high redshift ($z > 6$) and significantly alter the assembly histories of galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). In this work, we use variants of the recently published Thesan...
The fundamental nature of dark matter so far eludes direct detection experiments, but it has left its imprint in the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe. Extracting this information requires accurate modelling of structure formation and careful handling of astrophysical uncertainties. I will present new bounds using the LSS on two compelling dark matter scenarios that are otherwise...
The power spectrum of primordial fluctuations is largely unconstrained at mass scales $\leq 10^9 M_{\odot}$. A number of alternatives to the cold, collisionless dark matter (CDM) paradigm have been proposed which either suppress or enhance power at these mass scales. The best limits on these models currently come from the Ly$\alpha$ forest flux power spectrum and strong gravitational lensing...
The discovery of cosmic antinuclei would be an unambiguous signal of new physics and transform the field of cosmic particle research. The GAPS Antarctic balloon payload, scheduled for its initial flight in the upcoming year, is the first experiment optimized specifically for cosmic antiprotons, antideuterons, and antihelium as signatures of dark matter. The distinctive GAPS particle...
GRAMS (Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey) is a proposed balloon/satellite mission that will be the first to target both MeV gamma-ray observations and antimatter-based indirect dark matter searches with a LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detector. With a cost-effective, large-scale LArTPC, GRAMS can have extensively improved sensitivities to both MeV gamma rays and antiparticles...
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider has unique sensitivity to a broad class of models that postulate the existence of dark matter particles with MeV—GeV masses. This talk presents recent world-leading physics results from Belle II searches for long-lived scalar particles and Z’ decays; as well as the near-term prospects for other dark-sector searches.
Many scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model predict new
particles with masses well below the electroweak scale. Low-energy, high
luminosity colliders such as BABAR are ideally suited to discover these
particles. We present several recent searches for low-mass dark sector
particles at BABAR, self-interacting dark matter, axion like particles
and dark sector particles produced in B...
The Heavy Photon Search experiment (HPS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility searches for electro-produced dark photons.
We present results from the 2016 Engineering Run consisting of 10608/nb of data for both the prompt and displaced vertex searches.
A search for a resonance in the e+e− invariant mass distribution showed no evidence of signal, in
agreement with...
Searches for dark matter at the LHC have largely focused on WIMPs, but what if instead of just one dark matter species, there exists a richer dark sector hidden from ordinary view? This opens up a whole new paradigm for dark matter searches, allowing us to focus not only on the coupling between dark matter and the standard model, but also on the interactions between dark matter constituents...
PADME is a fixed-target missing-mass experiment that searches for the dark photon and other dark sector particles using a beam of positrons with maximum energy of 500 MeV. The detector, located at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati near Rome, Italy, has already collected initial physics-grade data over the last few years. Here we present the first physics results of PADME, including one of...
FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is an LHC experiment located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, along the beam collision axis. FASER and its sub-detector FASERnu have two physics goals: (1) to detect and study TeV-energy neutrinos, the most energetic neutrinos ever detected from a human-made source, and (2) to search for new light and very weakly-interacting particles....
If existing, feebly interacting particles such as sterile neutrinos, axion-like particles, and others could have been abundantly produced in the core formed during the collapse of Sanduleak in 1987. The duration of the neutrino burst detected at Kamiokande II and at the Irvine–Michigan–Brookhaven (IMB) experiment depended on the cooling speed of the newly formed proto-neutron star at the...
We will introduce new cosmological dynamics of the QCD axion, where the axion field rotates in field space. Axion dark matter may be produced from the kinetic energy of the rotation and the required axion decay constant is much below the prediction of the conventional evolutions. The angular momentum of the rotation is transferred into baryon asymmetry through baryon number violating...
In most direct detection experiments, the free nuclear recoil description of dark matter scattering breaks down for masses ≲ 100 MeV, or when the recoil energy is comparable to a few times the typical phonon energy. For dark matter lighter than 1 MeV, scattering via excitation of a single phonon dominates and has been computed previously, but for the intermediate mass range or higher detector...
Light thermal dark matter, whose mass is below 1GeV, is an attractive candidate for dark matter, as its abundance in the present universe is well explained by the thermal freeze-out mechanism. At the same time, it may solve the so-called core-cusp problem via its strong enough self-scattering. We study a minimal model for a light scalar dark matter as an example of such a candidate, requiring...
We derive purely gravitational constraints on dark matter and cosmic neutrino profiles in the solar system using asteroid (101955) Bennu.
We focus on Bennu because of its extensive tracking data and high-fidelity trajectory modeling resulting from the OSIRIS-REx mission. We find that the local density of dark matter is bound by $\rho_{\rm DM} < 3.3\times 10^{-15}\;\rm kg/m^3 \simeq...
We propose a novel technique to search for axions with an optomechanical cavity filled with a material such as superfluid helium. Axion absorption converts a pump laser photon to a photon plus a phonon. The axion absorption rate is enhanced by the high occupation number of coherent photons or phonons in the cavity, allowing our proposal to largely overcome the extremely small axion coupling....
Solving the SM finetuning problems requires introduction of both SUSY and PQ symmetry, all in a stringy context for unification with gravity. Discrete R-symmetries which emerge from string compactifications can generate an approximate, accidental PQ symmetry in the SUSY DFSZ type model with axion decay constant related to the SUSY breaking scale in the cosmological sweet spot, with R-parity...
We analyze the preferred SUSY parameter space that is in agreement with the Dark Matter (DM) relic density, the direct detection (DD) bounds, the LHC searches as well as $(g-2)_\mu$. Seven different scenarios are identified. For each scenario we analyze the complementarity between future DD experiments and direct searches at the (HL-)LHC and future $e^+e^-$ colliders. It is demonstrated that...
We present a Spin 3/2 FIMP dark matter (DM) candidate. FIMP dark matter is produced via the freeze-in mechanism that generally implies tiny coupling between the DM and the standard model particles, making DM direct detection almost hopeless. This is not the case for a spin 3/2 DM at low reheating temperature, where collider bounds play a fundamental role in constraining the parameter space. We...
Authors: Mukesh Kumar Pandey, Chih-Pan Wu, Lakhwinder Singh, C.-P. Liu, Hsin-Chang Chi, Jiunn-Wei Chen, Henry T. Wong
Direct searches of dark matter (DM) through its scattering with electrons have been a rapidly growing field in the past decade. With the low-threshold capabilities of modern detectors in electron recoil (ER) and new ideas inspired by theoretical studies, the coverage of DM...
PandaX experiment uses xenon as target to detect weak and rare physics signals, including dark matter and neutrinos. We are running a new generation detector with 4-ton xenon in the sensitive volume, PandaX-4T. The commissioning run data has pushed the constraints on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section to a new level. In this talk, I will give an overview of PandaX-4T latest results on dark...
The NEWS-G direct detection dark matter search experiment uses spherical proportional counters (SPCs) with light noble gasses to search for low mass WIMP-like dark matter. The current iteration of the experiment consists of a large 140 cm diameter SPC installed at SNOLAB benefiting from a new sensor design, and improvements in detector performance and data quality. Before its installation at...
PICO is currently fielding two large dark matter bubble chamber detectors at SNOLAB.
PICO-40L is the first of a new type of dark matter detector using an improved detector geometry. The detector was recently refurbished with a new cooling system and is operating now at SNOLAB.
At the same time PICO-500, a large dark matter bubble chamber following the same principle as PICO-40L is...
LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a direct dark matter detection experiment currently being operated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. LZ is an instrument that is superlative in many ways. It utilizes 7 tonnes of liquid xenon in a dual phase time projection chamber, surrounded by an instrumented xenon “skin” region and gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator outer...
The XENONnT experiment searches for signs of dark matter and physics beyond the Standard Model within a 5.9-tonne xenon target instrumented as a two-phase time projection chamber. I will report about the status of the experiment and present its early physics results.
Dual-phase noble liquid Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) and single-phase scintillation-only detectors offer competitive ways to search for dark matter (DM) directly, via elastically scattering off of detector target nuclei and electrons. Argon possesses an intrinsic property allowing for powerful discrimination between electron (background) and nuclear (signal) recoils in the search for...
DEAP-3600 is the largest running dark matter detector filled with liquid argon, set at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada, 2 km underground. Since 2019 the experiment has held the most stringent exclusion limit in argon for WIMPs above 20 GeV/c$^2$. Such a result is a consequence of the large detector exposure and the extraordinary rejection power achievable in liquid argon against electron recoil...
Liquid xenon time projection chambers are established as a leading dark matter detector technology. LZ and XENONnT are in the midst of sweeping exciting parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and other rare particle physics phenomena. Regardless of a dark matter signal observation in the current generation of detectors, it is important to look to a future experiment...
Despite the bulk of gravitational evidence, little is known about the nature of dark matter (DM). New particles were invoked to explain this puzzle, with the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) and the QCD axion being the two most popular candidates. However, searches for these particles have so far come back empty-handed. Alternative dark matter candidates have been proposed, in...
The Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection (SABRE) project attempts to test the controversial DAMA/LIBRA positive and model-independent dark matter claim by exploiting two nearly twin detectors in the northern hemisphere at LNGS (SABRE-North) and the southern hemisphere at SUPL (SABRE-South). The SABRE two locations represent a unique feature and the possibility of reducing systematic...
To the date, the only positive signal of presence of dark matter (DM) in the Milky Way halo by direct observation of its interaction with a detector comes from the DAMA/LIBRA experiment in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). For more than 20 years it has observed an annual modulation in the low energy counting rate compatible with that expected due to the rotation of the Earth around...
For a fully model-independent investigation of the nature of the DAMA/LIBRA signal, experiments which use the same material as DAMA/LIBRA are mandatory.
COSINUS will use crystals of NaI, however not operating them as mere scintillation detectors, but as so-called cryogenic scintillating calorimeters cooled to milli-Kelvin temperatures. COSINUS detectors provide a simultaneous and independent...
COSINE-100 is a direct detection dark matter search experiment that uses Thallium-doped Sodium Iodide, NaI(Tl) as its target detector material. The detector has been collecting data since September 2016 with continuous stable operation. It consists of ~106 kg of low background NaI(Tl) detectors submerged in a 2 tons liquid scintillator veto counter. The basic goal of the experiment is to test...
Since the DAMA collaboration first made their claim for detection of dark matter in the late ‘90s, there have been many speculations as to sources of their annual modulation signal. Since then, many of the hypotheses have been ruled out. In addition, direct detection dark matter experiments using various target medium, including those that use the same target of NaI(Tl), have ruled out dark...
CDEX experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is a germanium detector experiment locate at Sichuan of China, which target for Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) dark matter search and neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this report, we will describe current status and future plans of CDEX experiment. In partucular we will present various results based on...
The DAMIC-M experiment will search for dark matter particles via direct detection using thick, fully depleted silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with a target exposure of 1 kg-year. The CCDs have been enhanced with the skipper readout technology which allows for single electron resolution through multiple non-destructive measurements of the individual pixel charge, lowering the detection...
SENSEI (Sub-Electron Noise Skipper Experimental Instrument) is a direct detection dark matter experiment with detectors operating at Fermilab and at the SNOLAB underground facility. The experiment consists of silicon Skipper-CCD sensors that make multiple non-destructive measurements of the charge contained in each of millions of pixels, reducing the readout noise to a level that allows for...
The electron-counting capability of the skipper-CCD technology is allowing it to lead the search for DM-electron interactions in the low-mass regime with g-size experiments. There are ongoing efforts for developing massive direct DM search experiments with this technology. Oscura, an array of ~20,000 silicon skipper-CCDs (10 kg), is the biggest within them. Its final goal is to have less than...
The CRESST experiment (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) is searching for nuclear recoils induced by dark matter particles in cryogenic detectors employing different target materials: CaWO$_4$, Al$_2$O$_3$, LiAlO$_2$, and Si. With detection thresholds for nuclear recoils as low as 10 eV, CRESST is extremely suitable in the search for low mass dark matter particles....
The XENON collaboration has developed a series of liquid xenon detectors to lead the search for WIMP dark matter. The tonne-scale liquid xenon detectors (such as XENON1T and XENONnT) are sensitive not only to WIMP dark matter but also to the Solar Boron-8 neutrinos. In this talk, I will describe how to improve the analysis of XENON1T and XENONnT data to enhance their sensitivities to Boron-8...
In recent years, direct dark matter detection experiments extended the hunt for dark matter to masses well below 1GeV, driven by lowering their thresholds to the scale of few eV. However, with the lower thresholds, the experiments started to observe events above the expected background level. Numerous low-threshold experiments observe suchlike EXCESSES of events, a common feature of the...
LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a direct dark matter detection experiment, primarily designed to search for WIMPs, currently taking data. The detector comprises a position sensitive xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented xenon “Skin” and liquid scintillator active vetoes. An active mass of 7 tonnes of xenon is used, from which a fiducial region of mass 5.6 tonnes is formed that has...
The Neutron Veto of the XENONnT experiment is a Gd-loaded water Cherenkov detector designed to recognise the radiogenic neutrons coming from the detector materials, in order to reduce one of the most important Nuclear Recoil backgrounds for the WIMP search in the XENONnT TPC.
The Neutron Veto is instrumented with 120 (8" Hamamatsu R5912) photomultiplier tubes, featuring high-QE and...
Dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) are a compelling technology for the detection of rare events such as the interaction of dark matter particles. A dominant background is induced by the radioactive noble gas ²²²Rn, which emanates from material surfaces and distributes homogeneously throughout the detection volume. This problem is usually addressed by a stringent material...
Darkside-20k is a planned experiment at LNGS in Italy, supported by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. Darkside-20k is a dual phase liquid argon TPC, readout by SiPM-based cryogenic photosensors and designed to perform direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (with a mass up to the TeV$/$c$^2$ range). The 20-tonne (fiducial mass) of Argon from an underground source is...
HydroX is a proposal to improve the sensitivity of liquid xenon TPCs to O(1) GeV particle dark matter by doping a light element such as hydrogen or helium into the liquid. However, no data exist on the signal yields and discrimination for light elements recoiling in liquid xenon. This talk provides updates on the status of HydroX efforts and presents a first measurement of the discrimination...
We will discuss the latest advances in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, which are the highest performing detectors for time-resolved single photon counting from the UV to the longwave infrared. We will discuss recent progress in scaling active area and dark counts to enable new dark matter search concepts, and recent progress in reducing the energy threshold of the detectors...
When a xenon atom’s nucleus recoils from a dark matter particle or any other incident radiation, the atom’s electron cloud is expected to fall behind, resulting in possible ionization and excitation. This phenomenon is called the Migdal effect and is attracting attention as it can improve the sensitivity of direct dark matter search in the sub-GeV/c$^2$ regime. In a liquid xenon detector like...
The sensitivity of current dark matter experiments to sub-GeV mass dark matter candidates can be substantially improved by the Migdal effect, which predicts a finite probability for a nuclear recoil interaction to be accompanied by atomic excitation or ionization. The additional Migdal energy deposition enhances observable signals in experiments that measure scintillation and ionizations, and...
The search for Dark Matter is one of the most fascinating themes of modern physics and astrophysics, but also one of the most difficult to study. The innovative Underground Argon Project (UAr) is part of this context and a fundamental pillar of the Argon Dark Matter search program, led by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. The aims of the UAr project is to achieve the procurement of...
We are developing a dual-phase crystalline/vapor xenon time projection chamber (TPC) as a potential upgrade path for the LZ or XENON dark matter search experiments, after they finish their current experimental operations. We expect it to enable full exclusion or tagging of the dominant radon-chain backgrounds in these instruments, while maintaining all of the known instrumental benefits and...
The SuperCDMS Collaboration is currently building SuperCDMS SNOLAB, an experiment designed to search for nucleon-coupled dark matter in the 0.5-5 GeV/c$^2$ mass range. Looking to the future, the Collaboration has developed a set of experience-based upgrade scenarios, as well as novel directions, to extend the search for dark matter using the SuperCDMS technology in the SNOLAB facility. The...
A directional nuclear recoil detector with sufficient target mass could be used to observe and distinguish different neutrino sources, to search for dark matter in the presence of irreducible background, including neutrinos, and to demonstrate the cosmological origin of a dark matter signal. I will review detector R&D efforts and experiments aimed at dark matter detection with directional...
The next generation of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter (DM) detectors will be sensitive to coherent scattering of solar neutrinos from target nuclei, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. A directional detector would enable detection of WIMP DM below the "neutrino floor", otherwise an irreducible background. Diamond has been proposed as a...
The snowball chamber is analogous to the bubble and cloud chambers in that it relies on a phase transition, but it is new to high-energy particle physics. The concept of the snowball chamber relies on supercooled water (or a noble element, for scintillation for energy reconstruction), which can remain metastable for long time periods in a sufficiently clean and smooth container (on the level...
Minerals have been used as nuclear track detectors for more than 50 years - nuclear recoils leave latent damage in the crystal structure. In the past years, there has been much interest in fundamental physics applications for such detectors, not least because of advances in microscopy techniques that have revolutionized our abilities to image defects at the nm scale. In this talk, I will...
QCD axion is a well-motivated dark matter candidate which is capable of solving the strong CP problem and explaining the abundance of dark matter at the same time. Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) searches for conversions of QCD axions into microwave photons with high-Q tunable resonators running in a strong magnetic field. In the current ADMX Gen 2 phase, thanks to an ultra-low-noise...
This talk will review the results from ABRACADABRA-10 cm, the status of the DMRadio suite of experiments including DMRadio-50L and DMRadio-m$^3$, and the plans for a next-generation GUT-scale-sensitive experiment, DMRadio-GUT. These experiments search for the coupling of axionic dark matter to electromagnetism at masses below 1 $\mu$eV. Axions at these lower mass ranges can naturally be...
The dark matter puzzle is one of the most important open problems in modern physics. The axion is a compelling dark matter candidate, since it resolves the strong-CP problem of quantum chromodynamics. I will focus on the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiments (CASPEr-electric, CASPEr-gradient) that use nuclear magnetic resonance to search for the EDM and the gradient interactions of...
We report details on the axion dark matter search experiment that uses the new technologies of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet and a Josephson parametric converter (JPC). An 18 T HTS solenoid magnet is developed for this experiment. The JPC is used as the first stage amplifier to achieve a near quantum-limited low-noise condition. A first dark-matter axion search was performed...
Latest lattice-QCD simulations predict dark matter axions with a mass around 100 μeV if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry was broken after cosmic inflation. This mass range, however, is hardly explored by the current experiments. This talk will introduce a novel traveling-wave-based detector, the dielectric haloscope, to increase sensitivity to the suggested mass range. The MADMAX collaboration aims...
We present the current status and future plans of the various experiments within The Oscillating Resonant Group AxioN (ORGAN) Collaboration, which develops microwave cavity axion haloscopes. ORGAN is a collaboration of various nodes of the ARC Centres of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, and Dark Matter Particle Physics, and is primarily hosted at the University of Western Australia....
Among the theoretical particles that could explain dark matter, axions make an ideal candidate. They can be produced in the early Universe and make up the observed abundances, permeating the universe as an invisible wave. In recent years, the efforts to build a kind of radio that would tune to this unique frequency has intensified, with conventional techniques failing to look for high...
The QUest for Axion (QUAX) is a direct-detection CDM axion search which reaches the sensitivity necessary for the detection of galactic QCD-axion in the range of frequency 8.5-11 GHz. The QUAX collaboration is operating two haloscopes, located at LNL- and LNF-INFN laboratories in Italy, that work in synergy and operate in different mass ranges. In this talk we will report about results...
The Windchime Project seeks to exploit advances in quantum sensing technologies in order to search for dark matter in the laboratory, based on its gravitational interaction alone. The Planck mass (~10^19 GeV or 20 micrograms) is a particularly well-motivated mass range to search for dark matter. At this mass, the dark matter flux at Earth is still large enough to be experimentally accessible,...
TASEH (Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope) devotes to search dark matter axions based on a haloscope setup, consisting of a frequency-tunable microwave cavity detector in a strong magnetic field and a readout amplification chain. The TASEH experiment targets axion searches in the mass range of 10–25 μeV, roughly corresponding to the frequency band of 2.5–6 GHz. In this presentation,...
We introduce the Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection (BREAD) conceptual design and science program. This haloscope plans to search for bosonic dark matter across the [10−3, 1] eV ([0.24, 240] THz) mass range. BREAD proposes a cylindrical metal barrel to convert dark matter into photons, which a novel parabolic reflector design focuses onto a photosensor. This unique geometry...
Data from astrophysics and cosmology point to the existence of Cold Dark Matter in the Universe, for which a light axion is a well-motivated candidate. The HAYSTAC Experiment (Haloscope At Yale Sensitive To Axion CDM) is a microwave cavity search for axions with masses above 10 $\mu$eV/c$^2$. HAYSTAC, now in its second iteration, Phase II, employs squeezed state receiver to achieve sub-quantum...
The properties of dark matter halos and subhalos on scales below 10^9 solar masses depend on the formation mechanism, mass, and possible interactions of the dark matter particle. As such, inferences of the halo mass function and the internal structure of dark halos on these scales can be interpreted in the context of fundamental dark matter physics. I will discuss how effects such as...
While most searches for cosmic axions so far focused on their cold relics as (a component of) dark matter, various well-motivated cosmological sources can produce ``boosted'' axions that remain relativistic today. In this talk I will demonstrate that existing/upcoming neutrino experiments such as Super-Kamiokande, Hyper-Kamiokande, DUNE, JUNO, and IceCube can probe such energetic axion relics....
