Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors are moving towards new photodetection technologies for exploring more accurate timing and amplitude resolutions. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMS) can play such a role, played by photomultiplier tubes until now. SiPMs measure single photon signals with time resolutions up to picoseconds. Their photodetection efficiency surpasses the photomultiplier tubes,...
SiPMs are the baseline photodetector technology for the dual-radiator RICH detector at the EIC. They offer significant advantages being insensitive to the high magnetic field at the expected location. However, SiPMs are not radiation tolerant.
The current R&D tests whether the increase in DCR can be mitigated to maintain single-photon performance with current SiPM technology in a moderately...
Thanks to the continuous improvement of their performance, SiPMs are now considered for the upgrades of several, big physics experiments, ranging from High-energy Physics to rare events physics, to astroparticle physics. However, considering that the incremental improvements between subsequent generations of SiPMs are reaching saturation, a deeper redesign of the photon detector as a whole,...
Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM) are attractive photo-sensors for many different applications. SiPM with improved robustness to radiation could be used for future particle detectors in high radiation environments, operating at a sufficiently low temperature and with regular annealing procedures to mitigate the high noise due to the absorbed radiation dose.
A modular housing solution, based...
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) can be very promising devices in the field of photodetection thanks to their interesting features regarding the photoresponsivity, the efficiency, the temporal and spatial resolution and the relatively low cost. Unfortunately, up to now, the performances of these devices are very sensitive to damages caused by radiation. For this reason, the INFN groups members...
Many improvements in SiPM production technology have been achieved in the last few years. Using SiPM as a photodetector is one option for the next TOP detector upgrade of the Belle II experiment. The characterization of SiPMs from several producers is ongoing at the INFN/University Padova laboratory at different temperatures down to -40 degrees. The selected SiPMs are the last available...
The increasing requirements for sub-mm/mm photon sensor cells made of 10-50 um array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) imply higher levels of integration. Standard CMOS processes provide a mature and reliable technology, which allows the co-integration of SPADs and electronics at low costs. A 50% photon detection efficiency has been obtained with timing resolution of about 80 ps FWHM ...
KM3NeT, with the largest number of photodetectors ever built, operates with 20,000 3" PMTs submerged underwater. Ongoing efforts aim to integrate more PMTs into the Digital Optical Module (DOM), totaling around 200,000 PMTs. 10,000 PMTs have undergone detailed characterization, informing the development of an enhanced 3" PMT model by Hamamatsu. The upgraded model exhibits improvements in dark...
We present the development of a single-photon detector based on a vacuum tube equipped with transmission photocathode, microchannel plate and a CMOS pixelated active read-out anode. The Timepix4 ASIC, developed by the Medipix4 Collaboration, is used as anode, and consists in an array of 512x448 pixels, 55μmx55μm each. The ASIC features 70e- equivalent noise charge, a maximum rate of...
The R&D project proposed is within the High-Intensity-Kaon-Experiment (HIKE), a high-intensity fixed-target kaon experiment at CERN SPS exploring the precision frontier of the SM in a complementary and synergic way LHC. The R&D goal is an application of photo-detector technology for ultra-fast timing single-photon detection with extended lifetime, and has synergies with the requirements of...
Multichannel plate photon detectors (MCP-PMTs) have excellent intrinsic time resolutions of order 50 picoseconds. Large area picosecond PMTs were initiated in 2009 by the LAPPD collaboration and these devices are now commercially produced at Incom Inc. LAPPDs can be operated at high gain, have single photon sensitivity low dark count rates and good quantum efficiency, and thus are a promising...
Metamaterials have great promise to produce highly tunable radiators for particles to interact with. Such radiators would have uses in PID detectors any beyond. This talk will discuss some of the possible structures, and some of their potentially interesting uses. As well as some initial studies.
COMPASS and LHCb use C_4F_10 and CF_4 Cherenkov gas radiators. These Saturated FuoroCarbons (Cn_F(2n+2)) have high GWPs, however (5000-9000*CO_2) so there is impetus to reduce their consumption.
Oxygenated fluorocarbons (C_nF_2nO) can offer similar optical performance, with GWPs equivalent to CO2. Their GWPs are geometry-specific however: closed molecular rings containing an oxygen atom link...
Simulation of optical photons take a significant amount of CPU time in many HEP experiments. GPUs have been used efficiently by the industry for ray tracing photons. Recently the JUNO neutrino experiment showed that a speedup factor of 1650 in the simulation of a Cherenkov detector can be achieved using GPUs. This level of improvement is impossible to obtain by other means.
The software...
A compact and modular ring imaging Cherenkov (mRICH) detector has been developed to provide K/$\pi$ separation over a momentum coverage of 3 to 10 GeV/c, and an e/$\pi$ separation of up to 2.5 GeV/c within the Electron-Ion Collider Generic R&D Consortium. The mRICH detector consists of an aerogel block, a Fresnel lens, a flat-mirror set, and a photosensor plane. The first prototype of this...
The LHCb experiment is planning a phase II Upgrade to fully exploit the potential of Hi-Lumi LHC. Starting from Run5, the LHCb experiment is expected to operate with a 50-fold increase in luminosity compared to its original design. The RICH system at LHCb is in charge of delivering charge particle identification over a wide momentum range: 2.6-100 GeV. The RICH1 and RICH2 detectors have been...
The Belle II experiment is planning an upgrade in early thirties to adapt the spectrometer for operation at an upgraded SuperKEKEB accelerator. In this context the ARICH detector, a proximity-focusing RICH with a two-layer (focusing) aerogel radiator will be upgraded. The main focus will be an upgrade of the photodetector with either SiPMs or MCP-PMTs and fast read-out electronics. A possible...
The TORCH detector is a proposed large-area time-of-flight detector, which aims to enhance the particle identification performance of the LHCb experiment in the 2-15 GeV/c momentum range. The detector concept comprises 18 quartz radiator modules, which combined span the 6m-by-5m detector acceptance. The modules must be supported by a light-weight structure. Charged particles passing through...
A detector aiming to perform combined measurements of Time-of-Flight and Cherenkov photon angles is under development. The device consists of a proximity focusing RICH detector equipped with SiPMs as Cherenkov photon sensors. A 1 mm thin fused silica slab, acting as a second Cherenkov radiator, is coupled to the SiPMs for precise timing measurements due to the Cherenkov photoelectron...
We propose a new radio frequency timer of keV energy electrons. By converting a time distribution of incident electrons to a hit position distribution on a circle, ellipse or spiral, by means of the radio frequency fields laying in the range 500-1000 MHz, this device achieves extremely precise timing. Streak Cameras, based on similar principles, routinely operate in the ps and sub-ps time...
TRDs are commonly used in PID applications, exploiting the threshold Lorentz factor for TR emission. Since TR X-rays have energies from a few keV to a few tens of keV, TRDs are usually equipped with gaseous detectors.
Recently, new techniques for measuring the TR with solid state detectors have been successfully implemented. High-granularity semiconductor pixel or microstrip detectors...
Recent studies demonstrated that SiPMs are highly suited in directly detecting charged particles(ref.1-2).The reason is traced back to the abundant production of Cherenkov photons when a MIP passes through the SiPM's protection layer.This leads to a significant increase in the firing SPADs number,resulting in:
1. efficiency close to 100%
2. excellent timing performance, reaching 20-30 ps...
