Introduction

• Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Course structure and aims

Thermodynamics for cryogenic engineering and helium refrigeration

• Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR))

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic states and equilibrium o First Principle: closed systems, open systems, internal energy, enthalpy o Second Principle: entropy, Carnot efficiency

Thermodynamics for cryogenic engineering and helium refrigeration

• Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR))

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Equations of state: from ideal gas to real fluids o Thermodynamic diagrams, REFPROP property software o Helium refrigeration and liquefaction

Cryostats for SC devices, part 1

• Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Introduction to helium cryostats for SC devices: requirements o Examples of cryostats for SC magnets and SCRF cavities

Visit of a CERN cryogenic installation and assembly facility (SMI2) Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11

The technology of superfluid helium

• Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR))

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Introduction to superfluid helium: discovery of superfluidity, basic theoretical frameworks, two-fluid model o Superfluid helium as a technical coolant: benefits of He II cooling for SC magnets and cavities, pressurized vs. saturated He II, fluid properties o Practical cooling schemes: Roubeau & Claudet baths, conduction cooling, convective heat transport, LHC two-phase scheme o Refrigeration below 2 K: challenges, efficiency o Specific technology for He II systems: subcooling heat exchangers, leatightness o Applications

Cryostats for SC devices, part 2

• Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 o Mechanical design and construction of cryostats. Materials for cryostats and their properties. Supporting systems, pressure vessels, codes, and norms o Heat transfer mechanisms at cryogenic temperatures: conduction, radiation, convection. Thermal design and engineering solutions (thermal shielding, heat intercepts, feedthroughs, etc.) o Notions of cryogenic safety o Calculation tools

Low temperature measurements and instrumentation

• Juan Casas-Cubillos (CERN)

Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11 - Introduction o P&ID: LHC example o Workflow: requirement-> list candidates -> final selection - Metrology: - Standards o Absolute temperature scale - Instrumentation: o Instrumentation chain o Measurement of temperature -- Type of sensors -- Thermal anchoring -- Time response -- External effects -- Catastrophic events -- Signal conditioning o Stored liquid helium or LHe level measurement -- Type of measurement techniques -- SC level setting optimum excitation conditions -- External effects o Pressure -- Vacuum sensors -- Technical pressures -- External effects o Flow -- Type of sensors -- Flow conditioning o Output -- Heaters • Sizing electrical cables • Dielectric rupture (Paschen) • Power density (heat transfer) -- Valves • Valve types • Valve actuators

Tutorial: case study, part 1, PC Room : 572-R-010 Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11

Tutorial: case study, part 2 (PC Room 572-R-010) Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11

Presentations and discussion of case studies (PC Room 572-R-010) Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11

Wrap-up and conclusions on training Room: 593/R-010 - Salle 11