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Jörg Hörandel09/09/2025, 10:00Invited
In this introductory talk, we will provide an overview of the past and present activities of the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and offer a look ahead to the future. Where do we currently stand, and where do we want to go in the coming years? What challenges lie ahead, and what could be the next steps on our path forward?
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Jihyun Kim (Osaka Metropolitan University)09/09/2025, 10:30
The Telescope Array (TA), the largest ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observatory in the Northern Hemisphere, continues to deliver precise measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, thanks to its stable performance and high data acquisition efficiency. These observations have revealed three prominent spectral features, commonly referred to as the ankle, shoulder, and cutoff, which...
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Alessio Porcelli (Universidad de Antofagasta)09/09/2025, 10:50Invited
To understand the Universe at the High-Energy scale of astronomy, observation must rely on all messengers: Gamma rays, Cosmic Rays, Neutrinos, and the recent Gravitational Waves. This multi-messenger approach requires the effort of many experiments worldwide, each optimized for one of the messengers. The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory, SWGO, is a gamma-ray one.
Built following...
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Dr Marcos Anzorena (ICRR, The University of Tokyo)09/09/2025, 11:20
In 2019 the Tibet ASγ collaboration reported the detection of sub-PeV γ-
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rays coming from the Crab nebula using a novel technique with a Surface Array and underground water Cherenkov muon detector to discriminate against hadrons. With the same idea, we are now building a new experiment to explore the gamma-ray sky in the Southern
Hemisphere looking for the origins of cosmic rays in our... -
Dr Koji Noda (Chiba University)09/09/2025, 11:40Invited
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Michael Unger (Karlsruhe Institute for Technology)09/09/2025, 14:00
We give a brief review of our current knowledge of the spectrum, composition, and anisotropy of cosmic rays at ultra-high energies and outline the key open questions. We then discuss the prospects for resolving the puzzle of UHECR origin with the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS), along with its capabilities to advance our understanding of fundamental physics through studies of cosmic...
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Luna Pellegri09/09/2025, 14:30
The electric-dipole (E1) strength plays a central role in understanding photoabsorption reactions, offering insights into nuclear structure, collective excitations, and the nuclear response to external fields. While E1 strength has been extensively investigated in heavy nuclei (A > 90)—where shell effects and nucleon correlations are less pronounced—the situation is more complex for lighter...
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Hiromasa Suzuki (University of Miyazaki)09/09/2025, 15:00
X-ray emission from extreme cosmic-ray accelerators in our Galaxy, such as supernova remnants, black hole binaries, and the Galactic center, provides fruitful information of the acceleration environments. In X-rays, we see thermal emission including electron thermal bremsstrahlung continuum and emission lines from the plasma in the acceleration sites, as well as electron synchrotron and...
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Yohei Sasagawa (PCNP, Osaka university)09/09/2025, 15:30
The PANDORA project aims to elucidate the energy and mass loss processes during intergalactic propagation of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.
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During intergalactic propagation, UHECR nuclei interact with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons and excite the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR). The data of particle decay from GDR is... -
Mario Edoardo Bertaina09/09/2025, 15:50
Mini-EUSO is a telescope launched on board the International Space Station in 2019 and currently located in the Russian section of the station and viewing our planet from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Zvezda module. The instrument is based on an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for...
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瑞紗 松永, 舞羽 牛田, 菜々香 福﨑, 采佳 倉科09/09/2025, 17:00
本研究では、太陽フレア発生時に宇宙線到来数が減少する現象であるフォーブッシュ効果を、太陽活動が活発であった2024年5月に観測した。具体的には、学校に設置したQuarknet検出器4つを使用し、2つずつ重ねた状態でコインシデンスレベルを2に設定して宇宙線を検出した。また、e-labから世界各地のQuarknet検出器のデータを収集し、これらと私達が測定したデータを用いて、大規模な太陽フレアが頻発した2024年の5月9日から15日の宇宙線到来数をPythonによって観測地点ごとに求め、比較した。その結果、4％程度の減少が複数回見られた。
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本研究の結果から、Quarknet検出器のような比較的小型で安価な検出器でもフォーブッシュ効果の観測ができることも併せてわかった。 -
Chisato Koyama (ICRR, The University of Tokyo)09/09/2025, 17:00
The Telescope Array (TA) experiment has been observing extensive air showers (EAS) induced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR) since 2008. The TA$\times$4 upgrade aims to expand the detection area of TA at the highest energies to four times its original size with 500 additional surface detectors (SD) with the nearest neighbor spacing extended from 1.2km to 2.08km. Half of the new detectors...
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Kota Tokuyama (Shinshu University)09/09/2025, 17:00
The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remains unsolved. Statistically identifying their sources requires long-term, all-sky observations that collect a sufficiently large event sample. To meet this challenge, we are developing CRAFFT—a low-cost atmospheric-fluorescence telescope that employs a Fresnel lens.
The current CRAFFT prototype has already recorded UHECR events with...
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Ryo Higuchi09/09/2025, 17:00
Current observations with the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array experiment do not show clear small-scale anisotropy (multiplets). The absence of an anisotropy can set the parameters of UHECR source: source density, mass composition, and magnetic field strength.
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In this study, we set the lower limit of the parameters with a large-scale structure simulated catalog and cosmic-ray... -
Mihiro Nukiwa09/09/2025, 17:00
In recent years, outreach in particle physics has expanded through the proliferation of compact cosmic-ray detectors and citizen-science initiatives. Nevertheless, programs tailored for individuals with visual impairments remain scarce, largely because conventional activities require interpreting measured data through visual graphs. To address this gap, we developed a handheld cosmic-ray...
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Masaki TERAMOTO (Osaka Electro-Communication University)09/09/2025, 17:00
The Telescope Array (TA) experiment aims to elucidate the origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays. In this experiment, extensive air showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays are observed using Fluorescence Detector (FD) and Surface Detector (SD). The FD measures fluorescence light emitted by air showers and subsequently propagating through the atmosphere.
In the TA experiment,...
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Fraser Bradfield09/09/2025, 17:00
The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a next-generation cosmic ray experiment aiming to deploy an array of low-cost, autonomous fluorescence telescopes for observing UHECRs. FAST reconstructs the properties of air showers using a top-down approach, where simulated photomultiplier traces are directly compared to data. This process is called the "top-down...
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Haruka Tachibana (Osaka Metropolitan University)09/09/2025, 17:00
The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) aims to increase the effective area for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays by deploying a large number of atmospheric fluorescence telescopes over a wide area for the next-generation experimental project like GCOS. The operation is expected to last for more than 10 years, and it is important to understand the aging of the equipment...
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Miku Yamamoto09/09/2025, 17:00
Muon tomography is a technique to visualize the internal structure of objects by utilizing muons, a type of secondary cosmic ray that constantly showers the Earth's surface. In recent years, the demand for muon tomography as an accurate method of non-destructive testing has been increasing, given the current situation marked by a growing number of road collapses and water pipe leakages in...
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Dr Dusan Mandat (Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences)09/09/2025, 17:00
Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is an R&D project focused on developing a low-cost fluorescence detector telescope. The FAST project currently operates three telescopes within the Telescope Array experiment, Utah, USA and two telescopes within the Pierre Auger Observatory, Argentina. The FAST telescopes are installed in a hut on a predefined location. The...
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Haruto Matsushita (Osaka Metropolitan University)09/09/2025, 17:00
TALE infill experiment is further low-energy extension of Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE), aiming to observe cosmic rays with energies from 1 PeV to 100 PeV, with the goal of revealing "knee" and "second knee" in the energy spectrum. 50 surface detectors (SDs) are deployed with 100 m spacing to observe this energy region.
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The experiment began operation in November 2023 and has... -
Ryunosuke SAKAMOTO (Osaka Electro-Communication University)09/09/2025, 17:00
TA$\times$4 is an extension of the detection area for ultra-high-energy cosmic ray observations in the Telescope Array experiment. In the TA$\times$4 surface detector analysis, a lateral distribution function (LDF) is used to describe particle density as a function of distance from the air shower axis. The current TA$\times$4 analysis assumes a symmetric LDF around the shower axis; however,...
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Yuuki Nakano09/09/2025, 17:00
We present the results of the charge ratio ($R$) and polarization ($P^{\mu}_{0}$) measurements using the decay electron events collected from 2008 September to 2022 June by the Super-Kamiokande detector based on the published results of Phys. Rev. D 110, 082008 (2024). Because of its underground location and long operation, we performed high precision measurements by accumulating cosmic-ray...
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Kaoru Takahashi09/09/2025, 17:00
In this contribution, we present a search strategy for neutrino-induced air showers using the Telescope Array surface detectors (TA SD), focusing on the large zenith angle region. To develop the analysis method, we used Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In previous TA analyses, the MC generation method was established only for proton showers with zenith angles up to 60 degrees. Therefore, we...
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Yumaro Suzuki09/09/2025, 17:00
There are still many mysteries surrounding Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). However, the components of UHECRs are thought to be light-nuclei and they lose their energy through photo nuclear reactions with cosmic microwave background photons. To understand this, the experiment(PANDORA project) has been conducted.
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I will be reporting on experimental results from the PANDORA experiment at... -
Shigeo Kimura (Tohoku University)10/09/2025, 10:00
Sources of PeV Cosmic rays in our Galaxy, Galactic PeVatrons, have been a mystery for a long time. Although supernova remnants were considered to be responsible for production of Galactic cosmic rays up to Knee energy (a few PeV), recent gamma-ray observations and theoretical studies disfavor this paradigm. In this talk, I will talk about alternative scenarios, such as Galactic black holes...
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Kohta Murase (Penn State University)10/09/2025, 10:30
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) may be largely nuclei, which gives interesting implications for their sources. We discuss the particle reacceleration model of active galactic nuclei and related multimessenger signatures. If time is allowed, we briefly review models of collapsars and compact binary mergers
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Anastasiia Sokareva (Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv)10/09/2025, 11:00
Luminous Supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) may be a promising manifestation of cosmic ray (CR) PeVatrons (E>1PeV=1e15 eV) and acceleration mechanism(s) at nonrelativistic and relativistic shocks. In the both cases we expect also high luminosities in synchrotron (from the radio- to the X-ray band) as well as in high-energy (HE, ε > 100 MeV) and very high-energy (VHE, ε >...
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Leonel Morejon (Wuppertal University)10/09/2025, 11:20
Extremely energetic cosmic rays (ExECRs) hold strong potential for determining the origin of extra-galactic cosmic rays. Their interactions with the cosmic microwave background restrict their horizon enough that their propagation can be considered local, unaffected by cosmological evolution. Furthermore, the deflections caused by extra-galactic magnetic fields (EGMFs) are reduced for ExECRs,...
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Kanji Morikawa10/09/2025, 11:40
Cosmic rays (CRs) with energies around 10$^{18}$ eV are generally believed to originate outside our galaxy. If such extragalactic CRs are accelerated by first-order Fermi acceleration, due to their large energy, the shock velocity must be very close to the speed of light, implying relativistic shock waves. However, previous studies have pointed out that the acceleration efficiency at...
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Ioana Maris10/09/2025, 14:00
I will present possible detector solutions for a large-area Observatory with an emphasis on water-Cherenkov detectors and scintillators. The challenges to overcome are summarized and the usage of PEPS as a prototype array is discussed in the last part of the talk.
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Shunsuke Sakurai (Osaka Metropolitan University)10/09/2025, 14:30
Cosmic rays with energies above 1 EeV, known as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), have been extensively studied by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) and the Telescope Array experiment (TA). Nevertheless, the interpretation of results from Auger and TA remains controversial due to low statistics.
To address this challenge, the Global Cosmic-Ray Observatory (GCOS) has been proposed....
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Michael Unger (Karlsruhe Institute for Technology)10/09/2025, 15:00
We summarize the advantages of a central low-elevation fluorescence telescope for detecting air showers over large distances in GCOS. Furthermore, we discuss prospects for operating a prototype at the Pierre Auger Observatory to detect Cherenkov light from neutrino-induced showers originating in the Andes.
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Hitoshi Oshima (ICRR, the University of Tokyo)10/09/2025, 15:15
It is now well established that extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays produce coherent radio emission, enabling the observation of cosmic rays through radio signals. Thanks to recent technological advances and the sustained efforts of the community, radio detection of cosmic rays has developed into a mature and increasingly reliable technique. Radio detectors are also expected to play a...
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10/09/2025, 15:45
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Ralph Richard Engel (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)), Ralph Richard Engel (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE))11/09/2025, 10:00
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Tomohiro Inada (Kyushu University (JP))11/09/2025, 10:30
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is not only the most powerful particle accelerator ever constructed but also a unique source of intense, high-energy neutrino beams of all flavors, predominantly emitted in the forward direction. After nearly 15 years of operation, the FASER experiment achieved the first detection of neutrinos produced in proton–proton collisions, marking the advent of collider...
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Etienne PARIZOT11/09/2025, 11:00
In the last decade, the JEM-EUSO Collaboration has conducted a series of balloon-borne and space-based missions, demonstrating the feasibility of observing UHECRs from space, along with its specific strengths and limitations. As the GCOS initiative develops, we see an opportunity for the international UHECR community to constructively articulate a shared vision and build momentum around its...
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Dr Eric Mayotte (Colorado School of Mines), Eric Mayotte (Colorado School of Mines)11/09/2025, 11:20
The determination of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) mass composition is crucial to understanding their origins, but traditional observables like $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ have limited event-by-event resolution due to their high random component.
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In this contribution, we describe the development of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to directly predict the logarithm of the primary mass number... -
Dr sonali bhatnagar11/09/2025, 11:40
See material
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Kazuo Tanaka11/09/2025, 14:00
At Accel Kitchen, we support cosmic ray and particle physics research projects conducted by junior and senior high school students, primarily in Japan.
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Our approach centers on providing students with self-assembled cosmic ray detectors delivered directly to their homes. Using these instruments, students engage in year-long, data-driven research based on original themes. Topics have ranged... -
Daisuke Ikeda (Kanagawa University)11/09/2025, 14:20
Cosmic ray air showers are magnificent and mysterious high-energy phenomena that occur frequently in our surroundings, but they are invisible to the human eye. We have developed tools to visualize them using VR headsets and web browsers on smartphones and tablets, and have applied them to science museums, elementary school education, and university open campuses. Educational benefits of...
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11/09/2025, 14:40
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Foteini Oikonomou (NTNU)
As we plan the next-generation ultra-high-energy cosmic ray facility, the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory, it is essential to identify the experimental capabilities required to address the major open questions of the field, chief among them, the identification of UHECR sources. In this contribution, I will outline considerations for the exposure levels needed to detect the nearest UHECR sources...
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Dr sonali bhatnagar
This study initially examines pressure influences on cosmic ray (CR) muons using daily and monthly data collected with portable muon detectors at the Dayalbagh Educational Institute in Agra beginning in 2016. The study employed detector configurations with a solid angle of 0.06 sr and a 15 cm separation. Data was collected in 2019, prior to COVID-19. The study investigates how atmospheric...
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Dr Eiji Kido (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo)
The composition of galactic cosmic rays at the heavy end of the nuclear chart remains poorly constrained, primarily due to limitations in current detection techniques. While the presence of light and intermediate-mass nuclei has been relatively well characterized, identifying ultraheavy nuclei (UHNs) remains a significant challenge.
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In this work, we explore the potential observability of...
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