The Holy Innocents addresses many of the problems that made Spain fall behind the rest of Western Europe in terms of economic and social development during the last century: poverty and low or non-existent education among peasants. This led to an unbalanced social canvas, where the rich landowners get richer and workers are treated as animals, with no chance to stand up for their rights and freedom. Through the dramatic story of a poor family, Mario Camus conveys a picture of misery still not forgotten. The film won awards for the Best Main Character and special mentions in the Cannes Film Festival in 1984.