The progress of particle physics is closely linked to the progress in the understanding of the fundamental constants, like the fine-structure constant, the mass of the electron or nucleon, or the electroweak mixing angle. The relation between the 18 fundamental constants of the Standard Model and elementary units used in the other fields like quantum optics or solid state physics is far from trivial and will be discussed. Recent observations in astrophysics indicate a slight time variation of the fine-structure constant. If true, it has profound implications for many particle and nuclear physics phenomena.