Choose timezone
Your profile timezone:
Description
The two largest LHC experiments, ATLAS and CMS, have adopted low temperature versions of their experimental apparatus to achieve the desired performance. The associated cryogenic systems, which have been defined in collaboration with several external institutes, are in advanced phase of technical specification or construction. A review of the various systems is presented with emphasis to the basic cooling principles, the special cryogenic features and the operation scenarios. All the LHC cryogenic detectors will pass surface tests prior to their final underground installation. The corresponding cryogenic test facilities, in the construction phase or already in operation, are briefly described.