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Maria Faria (LIP Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Part)28/01/2021, 09:30
The flavour anomalies are discrepancies observed between the experimental data and the Standard Model (SM) predictions and their detection forms the strongest evidence for the existence of New Physics (NP) in current collider data. These anomalies are revealed in quark-level transitions, such as the $b \rightarrow s~l^+l^-$ transitions, which are highly suppressed in the SM and can only...
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Pedro Costa (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 09:40
The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has the potential to open a new window to study violent phenomena in our Universe, such as gamma-ray bursts, and to pose stringent tests to fundamental interactions. However, due to their low interaction cross-section, few experiments in the world can detect these particles.
The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) project aims... -
Vladlen Galetsky (IST)28/01/2021, 09:50
Recent advances in quantum computing and number theory have put a threat on RSA protocols and other modern public-key cryptosystems, challenging the overall fragility of the classical channels. In contrast, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers to restore security and confidentiality of the information even with eavesdropping, through the basic principles of the quantum world. However, there...
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Rodrigo Jose Santo28/01/2021, 10:00
Over decades, the number of patients diagnosed with cancer has been increasing, with expectations for the numbers to continue to rise in the future. The use of ionizing radiation for cancer treatment - radiotherapy - has become quite important as around 50% of all cancer patients have an indication for it. Treatments with radiotherapy are associated with side effects, arising from unavoidable...
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Miguel Martins (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 10:10
Extensive air showers offer a unique opportunity to study high energy hadronic interactions, tune up-to-date hadronic interaction models and determine the origin and acceleration mechanisms of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, through the analysis of shower observables and shower reconstruction. We recently showed that the muon number distribution in showers with low muonic content has a feature...
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Gonçalo Vaz (GoLP/IPFN Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa)28/01/2021, 10:20
In the past two decades, there has been a growing interest and investment in the study of ultrafast optics in the mid-infrared (MIR 2-12 µm) region. Mainly because most gaseous and biomolecules have their fundamental vibrational absorptions within this range, leaving distinctive spectral fingerprints of key importance for industrial, medical, and scientific applications.
The first generation... -
Francisco Albergaria (IST)28/01/2021, 10:30
The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 was an important achievement in particle physics. This scalar particle is essential in the Standard Model to explain the mass of the other particles. However, there is nothing in the theory that restricts the scalar sector of the Standard Model to have only one particle. Therefore, theoretical physicists are trying to understand what are the...
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Ricardo Miguel28/01/2021, 10:40
During his presentation on “The Theory of Electrons and Positrons”, Paul Dirac described how quantum mechanics and relativity made possible the prediction of the positron. After pointing out the apparent symmetry between positive and negative charge, he hinted that the universe could consist of equal amounts of matter and anti-matter but, for some unknown reason, human experience is confined...
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André Cordeiro (Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 11:00
Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, such as those in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), have unlocked an extensive scientific program. Namely, the production of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) offers many opportunities, from the study of early universe dynamics, to the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), and the study of QCD in extreme...
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Filipe Cruz28/01/2021, 11:10
Ion-scale magnetospheres have been observed around comets, weakly magnetized asteroids, and localized regions on the Moon. These mini magnetospheres provide a unique environment to study kinetic-scale plasma physics, in particular in the collisionless regime. To study these systems, the space and astrophysical plasma community have produced, in the last years, multiple experiments in...
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carlo Alfisi28/01/2021, 11:20
The neutrino is one of the most 'shy' particle that nature created, it's almost massless and has no electric charge. That leads to a really low interaction between neutrino and matter, nevertheless they are important in many scenarios and studying them we can test our models. Nowadays, the detection of neutrino is based on the scattering mediated by W boson that leads to a charged lepton who...
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Óscar Amaro (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 11:30
Electron-positron pair production is one of the most important problems in extreme plasma physics. Thanks to the recent advances in laser technology, these can now be created in the lab using the most intense lasers in the world. If all other parameters are equal, more pairs are expected with a higher laser intensity. However, if the total energy of the laser pulse is fixed, there will be a...
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Duarte Esteves (IST)28/01/2021, 11:40
In the field of radiotherapy, one of the major challenges is the accurate in-vivo measurement of the supplied radiation dose. In this context, chromium-doped gallium oxide is an interesting material due to its attractive electrical and optical properties. On the one hand, it is known to be a radiation hard, highly transparent wide bandgap semiconductor with fast scintillation. On the other...
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Rodrigo Câmara (IST)28/01/2021, 11:50
Quantum Chaos studies how quantum chaotic dynamics emerges from a classical chaotic system when the action can no longer be considered much larger than ℏ. In a seminal work, Peres considered a quantity, now called Loschmidt echo, as a measure of sensibility and reversibility of quantum evolution. For quantum chaotic dynamics the decay of the Loschmidt echo with time can be related to the...
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Tiago Martins (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 13:30
Tokamak plasma disruptions are a threat in achieving a stable controlled nuclear fusion device, thus being very important to consider the development and interconnection between disruption alarm systems and mitigation control systems. In absence of a cohesive theoretical framework based on MHD theory that contains all possible activiy that can precede a disruption, several studies have been...
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João Duarte28/01/2021, 13:40
Type Ia supernovae are a set of important cosmological objects that can be used as distance indicators. This is because their luminosity can be calibrated by applying some empirical corrections, which then allows us to compute their distance to us. One of these corrections is based on a color-luminosity relation, which is in part due to the effect interstellar dust has on the emitted light....
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José Bastos28/01/2021, 13:50
Even though it is one of the most successful theories in all of physics, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics cannot be a final theory. Some experimental results, ranging from the detection of B meson decays that should involve flavour changing neutral currents, to the detection of neutrino oscillations, seem to point to the existence of new physics beyond the SM. The introduction of...
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David Fordham (Instituto Superior Tecnico)28/01/2021, 14:00
In the last decades, the fields of cosmology, theoretical astrophysics and particle physics have come across one of the most enduring problems in physics of modern times: the search for the origin and nature of dark matter particles. Numerous studies have compared and combined in a self-consistent way the most powerful cosmic probes: the cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys,...
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Filipa Baltazar (IST)28/01/2021, 14:10
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, right after cardiovascular diseases. Thus, there is a great interest in the continuous study of this disease, not only aiming at an earlier diagnosis but at more effective treatment options.
This project focuses on radiotherapy, a treatment option commonly considered for tumour treatment in which... -
Cláudia Espinha (IST)28/01/2021, 14:20
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of both curative and palliative cancer care. It is estimated that half of all cancer patients will receive radiotherapy during the course of their treatment. However, radiotherapy is severely limited by radiation-induced toxicities. Irradiation of noncancerous “normal” tissues during the course of therapeutic radiation can result in a range of side effects...
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Beatriz Pereira28/01/2021, 14:30
The perfect conditions of an astronomical observation assume a sky free of light contamination. Moonlight sky polarization can also be a source of systematic errors in polarimetric studies and must be considered.
Sun's radiation, reflected by the moon, passes through Earth's atmosphere and the light interacts with her. That leads to polarization patterns. A model to characterize the observed... -
André Pereira (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 14:40
With the increase of renewable energy generation, and their problems related to output instability, storage systems must be implemented in parallel to account for this effect. For this reason, a model to rank the various available options is developed for the several sectors of the energy storage market, as well as a methodologically similar model for the purpose of strategic energy public...
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56. Characterization of ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses using frequency resolved optical gatingLuís Veloso28/01/2021, 14:50
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of ultrashort laser systems in the mid-infrared range (2 − 10 µm). This has brought several new challenges to this field, beginning with the pulse determination. Indeed, to measure an event in time, a shorter one is needed to compare it with, but these ultrashort pulses are the shortest events ever created, measuring at most 100 fs. Pulse retrieval...
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Guilherme Brites (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2021, 15:10
Almost every industry of the present day requires accurate solutions for metrology and positioning. There are several techniques that can be used, using different devices working under different physical principles. Each having their own strengths and weaknesses, they aim, however, towards the same goal: accurate and reliable positioning with high resolution. The suitability of each device...
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Rodolfo Simões28/01/2021, 15:20
The main goal of this work is to study 𝐶𝑂 plasmas, and their energy transfer mechanisms. As we will see, these mechanisms are fundamental for the study/understanding of CO2 conversion, which is one of the missing pieces to efficiently produce fuels or other useful chemical components from greenhouse gases. I will state the importance of this topic in more detail, while addressing the...
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Diogo Ribeiro28/01/2021, 15:30
One of the most astounding predictions of General Relativity is the existence of Black Holes. They are known to be possible places to probe the existence and nature of Dark Matter. Black Hole binaries are also expected to serve as detectors of this matter, but the lack of solutions to Einstein's field equations makes it hard to study how in fact these systems interact with this matter. We must...
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Francisco Vazão28/01/2021, 15:40
The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics describes the fundamental forces in nature. It accounts for all observed subatomic particles and even predicted the existence of the Higgs boson, which was observed for the first time in 2012. However it also has its shortcomings, such as the inability to explain why there are three generations of fermions, the values of fermion masses, including...
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Diogo Ivo29/01/2021, 09:50
In recent years, symmetric models with 3 Higgs doublets (3HDMs) have been studied in order to address shortcomings in the Standard Model. This thesis focuses on the mass spectra predicted by some of these 3HDMs, in cases where the symmetries are softly-broken.
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João Bravo (Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa)29/01/2021, 10:00
One of the major challenges of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the limited distance at which the communicating parties (Alice and Bob) can be. To mitigate this effect, trusted nodes are established, where the key is reconstructed and resent to more distant locations. But even though these nodes are trusted, they are still open to certain types of attacks, namely to the so-called...
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Francisca Madeira29/01/2021, 10:10
The search and study of topological properties of matter has proved fruitful in recent years in research in materials science and condensed matter physics. Superconductors have long been a focus of interest due to their promising applications. Superconductors with intrinsic topological properties, in particular, have recently attracted theoretical and experimental interest due to phenomena...
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João Lourenço (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2021, 10:20
Why are there three families of quarks and leptons and the mass hierarchies and mixing matrices so different for these two types of particles? And why does the gauge sector have only a few parameters while the flavour sector has a much larger set of external parameters? These are still some unanswered questions by the Standard Model, the current model of particle physics. Their solution might...
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Ricardo Florentino (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2021, 10:30
The Higgs particle was predicted in 1964 and discovered at CERN on July 2012, earning Higgs and Englert the 2013 Physics Nobel Prize. This is a spin zero particle (scalar), necessary to give masses to the all other massive particles in the Standard Model of Electroweak interactions. But, there is no fundamental reason why there should be only one such scalar. In this project, one wishes to...
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Eduardo Ferreira (LIP; IST)29/01/2021, 10:40
Parton Distribution Functions have been a fundamental part in the calculation of experimental quantities that involve hadrons. Current understanding comes from experimental fits to data and other techniques such as Lattice QCD. We propose an alternative way of calculating the Parton Distribution Functions directly from the theory via Light-Front Wave Functions, integrated directly from the...
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Nuno Fernandes29/01/2021, 11:00
The LHC is the highest energy particle accelerator ever built. The gigantic ATLAS experiment records proton and ion collisions produced by the LHC to study the most fundamental matter particles and the forces between them. A major upgrade, expected for the years 2025-26, will increase the LHC collision rate up to a factor 7 with respect to the nominal values, to allow acquiring a huge amount...
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Alberto Nicolicea29/01/2021, 11:10
Bar-codes allow the storage of information along a 1D vector, while QR Codes allow the storage along a 2D Matrix, containing a much higher information density.
Both are very used in industry and trade and normally employ optical reading systems, given that nowadays it is also possible to do the reading using the Smartphone câmara.
We seek to develop a magnetic câmara constiting of an...
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Bruno Marques (IST)29/01/2021, 11:20
TBA
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