Speakers
Description
Environmentally friendly detector refrigeration solutions for the FCC, inspired by ongoing LHC detector refrigeration research
In order to guarantee the foreseen lifetime operation of the FCC and its related experiments, environmental impact and machine performance are key elements to be considered, at a technical efficiency level as well as a global political level. New governmental regulations, increased energy costs, and environmental concerns are factors that have driven CERN to innovate in this field for decades, and it is inevitable that the same strategy will be necessary during the design and construction of the FCC.
Particularly, accelerator and detector refrigeration are renowned for their impact on both machine performance and environment. For this reason, new solutions have been proposed, developed and successfully implemented by CERN’s engineers and technical staff. Good examples are the LHCb, CMS and ATLAS experiments, where since 2008, two-phase Carbon Dioxide (CO2) cooling systems have been implemented as a high-performance alternative with a low environmental footprint. Solutions like these are going to be essential for the approval, acceptance and perceived success of the FCC on a global scale.
Additionally, the EP-DT-FS section has initiated research into the use of both supercritical CO2 for applications at warmer temperatures, which could prove beneficial for detector during the e+e- phase, and Krypton as a working fluid, potentially useful for detector cooling at ultra-low temperatures below -80°C during the pp phase. These efforts may prove valuable for emerging detector designs and future detector performance requirements.
Furthermore, this introduction of natural refrigerants in detector cooling, such as the use of CO2 refrigeration, has been a game changer in the battle against greenhouse gases (GHG’s), such as fluorocarbons (FC’s) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s), while still maintaining strong and reliable cooling performance and efficiency at CERN.
This poster will display the efforts for implementation of current natural fluids made by the EP-DT-FS section as well as a highlight of the efforts made in new solutions for detector refrigeration, such as Krypton and (supercritical) CO2 cooling. Showing its potential for the FCC and related experiments.
Key words:
Refrigeration, Carbon Dioxide, Krypton, CMS, ATLAS, LHCb, 2PACL, GWP, GHG, Environment, CERN
