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Description
Undulators are key components of free-electron laser facilities and synchrotron radiation sources, and the quality of their magnetic field affects the performance of the emitted radiation. Ideally, the magnetic field in a planar undulator varies sinusoidally along its axis, causing the trajectory of relativistic electrons injected along that axis to oscillate sinusoidally in the plane of oscillation. Any deviation of the trajectory from the ideal sinusoidal path introduces errors, leading to a reduction in the brightness of the synchrotron radiation. In particular, within free-electron laser facilities, such deviations reduce the laser gain. Factors affecting the magnetic field quality of undulators include magnet dimensional errors, magnetization errors, installation errors, and girder deformation. This paper numerically simulates the effects of these factors on the undulator’s phase error and field integrals, and proposes corresponding shimming strategies based on the results.
