WG4.1 remote meeting

Tuesday 4 Mar 2025, 16:00 → 17:00 Europe/Zurich

During the previous meeting on the 25th of February we agreed to write a Single Photon Detector compendium that may become one or more white papers once completed. The document should be "concise, complete and current, referring to the latest published and preliminary work". We also discussed the tools and the plan to use CERN Confluence as long as we can make public pages. If not we will use the CERN wiki. The intention is to convert the document into a paper eventually.

During this meeting we aims at identifying the team(s) that will tackle the work, subdividing the work in sections and sub-sections. Below is a proposed organization. It will be ported to the appropriate document once the wiki vs Confluence issue is settled. This organization is open for discussion and inputs from everyone. The organization will also need to match the interest and style of the editors who are interested in contributing.

Please let us know if you wish to contribute in the writing of the Single Photon Detector compendium.

OUTLINE TO BE DISCUSSED:

1. Introduction

2. Vacuum photo-detector

    2.1 Processes

        2.1.1 Photo-cathode

        2.1.2 Electron transport

        2.1.3 Gain - Dynode chain

        2.1.4 Gain - Micro-channel Plate

    2.2 Radiation damage

    2.3 Detector configurations

        2.3.1 small dynode PMT

        2.3.2 Large area PMT

        2.3.3 MCP PMT

    2.4 Characterization setup

3. Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array

    3.1 SPAD processes 

        3.1.1 SPAD avalanche, gain and quenching

        3.1.1 SPAD efficiency

        3.1.2 SPAD dark noise

        3.1.3 SPAD after-pulsing

        3.1.4 SPAD light emission and cross-talk

    3.2 Radiation damage [Editor needed - drive the sub-sections]

    3.3 SPAD configurations

        3.3.1 Conventional Silicon Photo-multiplier (SiPM)

        3.3.2 Back-side illuminated SPADs

        3.3.3 Deep Ultra-violet

        3.3.4 Comparative review of available analog SiPMs (Hamamatsu, FBK, Broadcom, On-semi, Chinese,...)

    3.4 digital SPADs 

        3.4.1 Monolithic

        3.4.2 3D integration

        3.4.3 Comparative review of available digital SPAD arrays (LFoundry, X-Fab, Global Foundry, AMS, Tower-Jazz,...)

    3.5 Characterization setups

4. Emerging or unconventional technologies

    4.1 CCD/CMOS when time is not a major constrain

    4.2 Cryogenic detectors (Superconducting nanowire,...)