The first part of the talk is devoted to aerogel production. The process of aerogel synthesis is described. The dependence of the internal structure of aerogel on its properties is discussed. The second part of the talk is devoted to different aspects of aerogel Cherenkov counters development. The methods of measurement of optical parameters of aerogel such as light scattering and absorption lengths, refractive index and the variation of the refractive index within aerogel block are described. The project of Cherenkov counters based on ASHIPH method of light collection (Aerogel, wavelength SHIfter, and PHotomultipliers) for the KEDR detector is described. As compared with the direct light collection on PMT, the ASHIPH method allows to diminish the number of PMTs.