The IsoTope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique evolved from chemical techniques used to separate radioactive isotopes off-line from irradiated "targets". The ISOL targets of today, used at e.g. ISOLDE, can be of many different types and in different phases but the isotopes are always delivered at very low energies making the technique ideal for study of ground state properties and collections for other applications such as solid state physics and medical physics. The possibility of accelerating these low energy beams for nuclear structure studies, and in the long term future for neutrino physics, is now being explored at first generation radioactive beam facilities. The ISOLDE facility at CERN is one of CERN’s longest running experimental areas and the only CERN facility dedicated to nuclear physics and its applications. In 2003 the ISOLDE facility delivered 268 eight-hour shifts of radioactive beam to 27 approved experiments. The new radioactive beam facility (3 MeV/u) , ISOLDE REX, used 61 eight-hour shifts for physics.
