The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study aims at a realistic design of a multi-TeV e+e− linear collider for the post-LHC era of high-energy physics, with the potential to operate at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 380 GeV up to 3 TeV and with luminosities of a few 10^34 cm-2 s-1. It is based on a novel two-beam acceleration scheme and on the use of high-gradient, high-frequency ...
The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN which uses the first time ever protons to drive the plasmas wakefield. AWAKE aims to accelerate 10-20 MeV electrons to approximately 1 GeV in 10 m of plasma by using plasma wakefields created by a self-modulated 400 GeV/c proton bunch. This talk emphasises on the technical...
The European Spallation Source, now under construction in Lund, Sweden, aims to be the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron scattering facility. The project is now about 30% complete, with significant progress in civil construction. Driving the neutron source is a 5-MW superconducting proton linear accelerator operating at 4% beam duty factor and 14-Hz repetition rate. At this unprecedented...
The ITER machine is one of the most complex and large experiment presently ongoing. The first operation of the machine is scheduled for 2025. The fabrication of the main components is in days progressing all around the world. The assembly of the central part of the reactor is supposed to effectively start on 2020. The ITER machine will be assembled on Cadarche site by the ITER central team...
General Relativity (GR) is founded on the experimental fact that in a gravitational field all bodies fall with the same acceleration regardless of their mass and composition. This is the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) or Universality of Free Fall (UFF). Experimental evidence of a violation would require either that GR is to be amended or that a new force of nature is at play. Either way, it...
We present developments for the realization of a multilateration network based on Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI). Our developments include a reference sphere and kinematic mount for localizing the FSI optical fibre tip and therefore allowing distance measurements in different directions from the same point. Through simulations, we have optimised geometry of our multilateration network...
The micro-triangulation method is proposed as an alternative for magnet fiducialisation. The aim is to directly measure the fiducial points and the stretched wire at the same time, space, and coordinate system, attempting to reduce the uncertainty. We use robotic theodolites equipped with a camera to automatically measure horizontal and vertical angles to the fiducial points and the stretched...
Dimensional metrology is of a primary importance in many fields of synchrotron facilities. We have tried to define the basic tools for a spatial layout analysis of dimensional measurement systems to be used by mechanical engineers and people involved in Alignment. Examples deal with Storage Ring alignment, from magnetic measurement bench to quadrupole alignment on their girders.
The role of the early stage researcher 1.1 of the PACMAN project is to measure the position of the wire with the best possible accuracy. An evaluation of the wire lead to the conclusion that the dust would be a large source of uncertainties on its positioning. To reduce the chances of measuring some dust instead of the wire surface, a Shape Evaluating Sensor: High Accuracy and Touchless has...
Industry 4.0 presents a direct challenge to companies involved in high-value manufacturing - exploit new metrology processes to deliver highly automated, well-controlled manufacturing solutions, or face getting left behind by your competitors.
We set up Insphere Ltd to help companies facing this exact challenge. We focus our research activities on applying emerging metrology processes to...
CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) is a next generation particle collider under study at CERN. The accelerator will operate beams of nanometric size (1 nm ×40 nm) and produce a high density of collisions at the interaction cross section (2x10)^34 hits/(m^2 s)). To guarantee this collision quality, the pre-alignment tolerance of the main components of the accelerator must lie within 10 μm. In...
For the Sirius, Brazilia’s 4th generation light source under development by LNLS, a novel Double Cristal
Monochromator (DCM) is developed. The monochromator is known as one of the most critical optical
elements in a beamline. The new 4th generation light source, with an emittance in the range of 100 prad,
requires extreme stability performance, requiring a crystal to crystal stability in the...
The National Physical Laboratory (UK) has developed and delivered a novel 6 degree-of-freedom micro-vibration test system for the European Space Agency’s test centre, ESTEC. The system measures the dynamic force and torque produced by spacecraft components between 10 µN to 1 N (1 µNm to 1 Nm), and subjects sensitive specimens to a known micro-vibration environment in the range 1 µg to 10 mg....
Accurate, specific and traceable uncertainty budgeting of measurements is identified as key tool allowing micrometre alignment of large assemblies. The lack of standard methods to allow such accurate uncertainty statements is identified as a major research gap. As an answer to this a new uncertainty budgeting strategy following the International Standard of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM -...
In the future linear collider CLIC, the electromagnets focussing the beams of particles will have to be extremely stable, at the nanometre scale. In order to fulfil such stringent requirements, a prototype of coil-free active isolation system has been developed. This presentation will summarize the latest results obtained with our active isolation system. It consists of an extended frame...
Development of a seismic sensor for the future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will be presented. Sensor in which three different types of sub-nanometre displacement transducers have been integrated: a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, an optical encoder and a capacitive transducer. This sensor allows us to compare the resolution of all the transducers under the same conditions, thus enabling us to...
Measuring machines gives a more and more accurate number of points in order to describe a surface. In a design process, we need to have a better description of geometry in order to assess all the behaviours involving interactions between material and it’s environment.
Focussing at the same time the infinite complexity of real objects and the simplification needed to make simple choices is a...
Up to date Vibrating wire magnetic field measurement technique was used in many occasions for alignment of magnets with “zero” field on axis such as quadrupoles, sextupoles and solenoid magnets.
Addressing the need of the next generation of synchrotron radiation sources such as APS-U, ESRF, CHESS-U required precise alignment of quadrupole magnets with dipole field on magnetic axis (CFM),...
The alignment of magnets for particle accelerators has become nowadays highly demanding at metrological level. Furthermore, the reduced beam size in upcoming accelerator projects such as CLIC required for multipole magnets with small bores, where the access for traditional magnetic probes is limited. For these reasons, magnetic field measurement systems based on stretched wires have been...
The next generation of light sources is based on Multi-bend Achromat (MBA) lattices to achieve very low emittances of well below 0.1 nm-rad. In addition to regular dipoles, quadrupoles and sextupoles similar to existing machines, a typical MBA lattice consists of several combined function magnets with strong dipole and quadrupole components. These combined function magnets are also slightly...
The Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC provided many magnetic measurement challenges. The magnetic center of the quadrupoles was required to be stable as the excitation current was changed for beam based alignment. A rotating coil system was used to measure magnetic center stability. The quadrupoles had to be accurately aligned to undulators and their fiducialization was done with a...
The presentation focuses on the high precision PCB rotating coil for magnetic measurements of both magnets with small size bore (below 10 mm) and big sizes magnets (longitudinal length bigger than two meters).
The design and test results of the new miniaturized synthetic sapphire rotating coil will be presented together with a new innovative design for an adjustable Ribbon coil developed in...
The CERN spin-off company ADAM has designed and is building a 3 GHz linac for proton therapy applications. The linac comprises several rf accelerating units which allows to accelerate protons up to 230 MeV in about 25 meters. The focusing lattice is based on FODO cells made of compact small aperture Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles (PMQ) placed between the accelerating tanks. A general...
ALBA is a third generation Synchrotron Light Source operating close to Barcelona since 2012. A magnetic measurements laboratory associated to the facility since its very early stages has been active for the last 20 years. In the first part of the present contribution the different instruments available at the laboratory are described, and a brief overview of the measurement campaigns carried...
Fermilab is planning to enhance the capabilities of the existing accelerator complex to support the delivery of 1.2 MW beam power for a world-leading neutrino program over the next
several decades. The heart of the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is an 800-MeV superconducting linear accelerator which includes five types of superconducting cavities, grouped in 25 cryomodules, to cover the...
The talk gives an overview of the main achievements presented in my doctoral dissertation, defended at the University of Pisa on January 2017. The focus is on the RF characterization of the cavity BPM designed for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3). The experimental results on the Final PACMAN Alignment Bench (FPAB) prove the feasibility of the innovative alignment methodology established in the...
In order to achieve high luminosities in the future CLIC machine, it is vital to avoid emittance growth along the accelerator. A major contributor to emittance growth is transverse wakefields in the accelerating structures, and in order to combat this the structures will be equipped with wakefield monitors (WFMs) that will be used as input to the alignment strategies. The presentation reports...
In the framework of the PACMAN project we have developed a test set-up to measure the electromagnetic center of high gradient accelerating structures for alignment purposes. We have hypothesized with previous simulation studies that a resolution of 1 mm is possible using a stretched conductor wire along the structure and a network analyzer to detect the minimum perturbation when the wire is in...
LIGHT (Linac for Image Guided Hadron Therapy) is a linear proton accelerator dedicated to protontherapy. LIGHT is designed to accelerate protons up to 230 MeV.
In this talk, an overview of the accelerator will be given starting from the RF design through manufacturing, low and high power RF testing.
The objectives of the PACMAN project are to improve the precision and accuracy of the alignment of accelerator components. Two steps of alignment are concerned: the fiducialisation, e.g. the determination of the reference axis of components w.r.t. alignment targets, and the initial alignment of components on a common support assembly. The main accelerator components considered for the study...
The CLIC two beam module will be described together with its numerous alignment constraints and tolerances dictated by beam dynamics. A pre-alignment of the a high number of comments of the order of 10 microns has to be realised for the CLIC project. In this sense the CLIC project represents a new level of requirements to accelerator alignment. The CLIC alignment strategy will be described and...
A hadron collider of 100 km circumference and 100 TeV in the center of mass is under study by the international physics community as next energy frontier Future Circular Collider (FCC). The same tunnel could host first a lepton collider, FCC-e+e−, with beam energy ranging between 45 and 175 GeV. For attaining luminosities between 10^34 and 10^36 cm^-2s^-1, the beams must be strongly focused at...
The effects of the assumptions about the bunch proprieties on the accuracy of the measurement method of the bunch length based on a Radio Frequency Deflector (RFD) in electron LINear ACcelerators (LINACs) are investigated. In particular, when the electron bunch at the RFD has correlations between particle longitudinal positions and vertical, the measurement is affected by a deterministic...
