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Oxygen vacancies at the LAO/STO interface leave two vacant electrons, one of which stays localized at the Ti3+ ion and another joins the mobile 2DES. The localized electrons in double and higher-order configurations of the VOs may account for the interface ferromagnetism [1]. The mobile ones, coupled to phonon modes by strong e-ph interaction, form large multiphonon polarons fundamentally reducing the 2DES mobility [2]. We use resonant soft-X-ray ARPES and combined density functional (DFT) + dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) to establish orbital character of the mobile and localized electron states at the LAO/STO interface created by the VOs.
[1] F. Lechermann et al., Physical Review B, 90(8), 85125 (2014).
[2] C. Cancellieri et al., Nature Communications 7, 10386 (2016).