The story begins approximately 13.8 billion years ago with the Big Bang. A brief introduction will trace the evolution of the universe to what we observe today. Many of the formative events occurred in the first tiny fractions of a second (our universe evolved from consisting entirely of a quark/gluon plasma to form the first hadrons: protons and neutrons) to minutes (free neutrons decay to...
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases and its applications is today an active field of research worldwide. High-order harmonics are created when intense laser radiation interacts with a gas of atoms or molecules. In the time domain, the emission is a train of pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range, separated by half a laser cycle and with attosecond duration. The interference between...
Non-Evaporable Getters (NEG) were first adopted to provide a fast, evenly distributed pumping for the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) at CERN. The NEG, in the form of a getter powder coated strip, was installed along about 23 Km of the LEP vacuum chamber.
A similar solution was later applied to pump the room temperature sectors of the present CERN major accelerator, the Large Hadron...
This is not a lecture about vacuum, but about working in the quasi-vacuum of the space environment in Low Earth Orbit! During the Shuttle program and currently on the US segment of the International Space Station, the Extravehicular Mobility Unit or EMU is used for spacewalks. The strategies, procedures and safely guidelines for the proper execution of these activities will be explained,...
