Speaker
Description
A critical component of most accelerators is the source of high power RF. Klystrons have often the go-to choice, especially for high power and high frequency. CEBAF has accumulated over 25 years of operation using 420 installed klystrons to meet the goals and provide RF for its physics program. Numerous devices have failed and can be expected to continue doing so, and likely with ever increasing frequency as tubes continue to age. Overall life has far exceeded the original specification requested of vendors. This talk will discuss the history, performance, failures, remediation, monitoring, and life of these devices, plus look at what is expected for the next 20 years of operation. Upgrades have increased maximum accelerator gradient from 4 to 6 to 12 GeV and along with it placed additional stresses and demands on already mature systems.