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Tiago V. Fernandes (IST)05/02/2020, 09:11
For centuries, a description of the Universe has been searched for. Currently, the most acceptable theory that describes the geometry of the Universe is General Relativity (GR). Tests of GR in weak gravitational fields have been done and corroborate this theory. Now it is the era to test GR in regions of strong gravity: close to black holes, using the data from the observations of Event...
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Fernando Lima05/02/2020, 09:22
Recently the Corot and Kepler satellite missions have discovered sun-like oscillations in more than a few tens of thousands of stars. This large amount of data has the potential of revolutionizing our understanding of the internal physics of stars in the main-sequence, sub-giant and red-giant phases. Equally the forthcoming stellar planetary mission Plato will extend the potential for...
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João Rato (IST)05/02/2020, 09:33
Dark Matter (DM) stands for around a quarter of the Universe's energy density and 85% of its mass. However, not much is known about it, from the fact that it weakly interacts through electromagnetic processes, becoming effectively invisible. Nevertheless, many clues point towards its existance. This work builds on this assumption and extends the recent discovery of visible matter being able to...
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Beatriz Pereira05/02/2020, 09:55
Nuclear reactions have been a powerful tool to study and understand the fundamental properties of nuclei, as well as the governing nuclear force. This is possible due to nuclear and particle detectors that have been developed and adapted to correctly and as completely as possible characterize the nuclear reactions under study. They can provide useful information such as particle position and...
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Rafael Boto (Instituto Superior Técnico)05/02/2020, 10:06
The Higgs particle was predicted in 1964 and discovered at CERN on July 2012, earning Higgs and Englert the 2013 Physics Nobel Prize. This is a spin zero particle (scalar), necessary to give masses to the all other massive particles in the Standard Model of Electroweak interactions. But, there is no fundamental reason why there should be only one such scalar. Thus, as one achieves a more...
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Ana Ribeiro05/02/2020, 10:17
The main focus of the proposed project is on the research of the optimal conditions for the growth of noble metal, Gold (Au), Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), into selected dielectric matrices, as transition metal oxides. The ultimate goal will be the development of an optical biodetection system, able to detect low concentrations of Biomolecules.
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The used undoped matrixes will be deposited by... -
Madalena Lourenço05/02/2020, 10:28
For many decades after the invention of the quark model by Murray Gell-Mann and, independently, George Zweig in 1964, there was no evidence that hadrons are formed from anything other than the simplest combinations of quarks and antiquarks: mesons are formed of a quark-antiquark pair and baryons of three quarks. In the last decade, however, in an explosion of data from hadron colliders, there...
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Henrique Brito Câmara (Instituto Superior Técnico)05/02/2020, 10:39
The discovery of neutrino oscillations, awarded a Physics Nobel prize in 2015, imply massive neutrinos and lepton mixing, which are not accounted for within the framework of the Standard Model (SM). Therefore, from the theory viewpoint addressing this question requires going beyond the scope of the SM. In the last decades, numerous models have been put forward to explain the origin and...
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João Silva (IST)05/02/2020, 10:50
The Quark-Gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of hot and dense matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined and is produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This medium can be indirectly studied by infering its properties from the modifications suffered by jets - collimated bunches of particles resulting from the branching of energetic partons - which are created and developed within it....
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Joao Antunes (IST)05/02/2020, 11:01
In large volume liquid scintillator detectors scintillation is registered by the large number of the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) more or less uniformly distributed around the active volume of the detector. For each event the charge and time of the signal arriving is measured at each PMT of the detector. On the base of this information the energy and position of each event is reconstructed and...
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Daniel Sousa (IST)05/02/2020, 11:43
Nowadays sensoric electronics importance is irrefutable, there is a constant demand to push forward limits in matters of detection limits, spatial resolution, among others. In applications that need sensing magnetic fields magnetoresistive (MR) sensors have attracted much interest in particular because of their high sensitivity, low power consumption, low cost and small size. Due to the...
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Francisco Matos05/02/2020, 12:16
With limited scaling and high costs of current magnetic-marker based medical diagnostics, strides have been made to adapt magnetoresistive devices to areas where traditionally used devices such as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, impose conditions with either limited usage range or increased complexity and expense of such systems. By developing a tunnel...
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Carlos Couto (Instituto Superior Técnico - University of Lisbon)05/02/2020, 12:27
The main goal of the thesis will be to obtain a semiclassical description for the evolution of physical systems under non-hermitian Hamiltonian dynamics. Non-hermitian Hamiltonians (NHH) often arise in the effective description of decay processes in open quantum systems. Most notably, in optics, they appear naturally in the study of absorbing or optical active materials that can be modeled by...
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Pedro Mendes (IST)05/02/2020, 12:38
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols have attracted a lot of attention since their first proposal in 1984. In the last decade, many implementations of different protocols have been performed worldwide. However, a large-scale network has not yet been achieved. In this work, a miniaturized and scalable system is design and tested in order to be used for practical applications. For example,...
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Beatriz Dias05/02/2020, 12:49
Systems in equilibrium, whose observables are time independent, are generally well understood. For quantum systems out of equilibrium, the time evolution is highly complex and so there is no general method nor as many tools available. Due to the lack of theoretical approaches, it is of fundamental importance to find universal properties and systematic ways to describe non-equilibrium dynamics....
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Victor Negîrneac05/02/2020, 13:00
Quantum processors are carefully designed under models that involve certains approximations and are later translated into solid state fabrication steps with their own limitations. Therefore the parameters of a (superconducting) transmon qubits will deviate from the ideal design and require individual characterization (e.g. qubit excitation frequency, associated resonator frequency, coherence...
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Cristina Rosa05/02/2020, 13:11
Microfluidic devices integrated with a sensor for biological to electrical signal transducing provides a miniaturized, cost effective, quicker and portable solution for point-of-care biological analysis systems with applications on biomedical, environmental and food safety fields. The fact that the transducing mechanism that will be developed during thesis does not require biomolecules...
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Francisco Figueira (IST)06/02/2020, 09:00
A new kinetic shock tube (ESTHER) is being commissioned at Instituto Superior Técnico under funding from the European Space Agency (ESA). Its main goal is to support planetary exploration missions, by studying high speed radiative and chemical processes kinetics relevant to planetary entries. ESTHER is capable to produce shock speeds up to 14 km/s in air and 18 km/s in H$_2$/He. The main...
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Gonçalo Raposo (IST)06/02/2020, 09:22
Sending a manned mission to Mars is one of the next major goals in space exploration. Since travelling to the Red Planet is a challenging endeavour, a justified interest has emerged in in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) on Mars, with the possibility of harnessing local abundant atmospheric CO2 and converting it into breathable oxygen (O2) for a future outpost and carbon monoxide (CO), to be...
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Mr Daniel Costa06/02/2020, 09:44
Electromagnetic and electrostatic fluctuations with a broad range of frequencies are commonly observed between Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), disruptive events that affect performance in all fusion devices. This work aims to explore the correlations between the pedestal density fluctuations and the pedestal evolution, during the inter-ELM phases of many discharges at JET.
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Discharges with ... -
Jose Figueiredo (Ist)06/02/2020, 09:55
The aim of this project is the construction of a ab-initio theoretical framework for plasmonics in two-dimensional materials. The approach is based on the Wigner-Moyal formalism, able to capture the phase-space dynamic of the electrons in low-dimensional quantum plasmas. Once established the mathematical structure of the various familities of wave-kinetic equations (to be derived starting from...
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Miguel Barros (IST)06/02/2020, 10:06
Radioactive sources provide many benefits throughout the world, in industry, medicine and science. Accidents involving radioactive sources as well as illicit trafficking in radioactive materials have raised awareness of the nuclear security risks. The main objective of this work is to detect hot-spots with radioactive sources using data acquired by multiple Geiger-Müller counters and...
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Mr Pedro M. F. Sismeiro06/02/2020, 10:17
Energy Service Companies frequently resort to Energy Performance Contracts to finance improvements and projects on energy efficiency, assuming performance and/or credit risk. Nowadays, there's lack of trust between parties when calculating cost savings and the expected deliverance of these projects, since the auditing methods are developed and implemented by the ESCOs to a generally unskilled...
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Ana Marques (IST)06/02/2020, 10:39
Radiotherapy is one of the most reliable and widely used treatments for tumours. However, it is not possible to irradiate only the tumour cells, surrounding healthy tissue will also receive a considerable dose. It is therefore necessary to reduce the radiation dose delivered to the healthy tissues of the patient, while maximizing the dose delivered to the tumour. One attractive option is the...
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Mr Carlos Correia06/02/2020, 10:50
Radiotherapy has been estimated as being beneficial to about 50% of cancer patients. Conventional radiotherapy has inherent limitations due to how photons interact with matter. Particle therapy has a more advantageous dose distribution but its harder to plan. Both protons and carbon ions are currently used to treat patients. Each of this therapy methods has its advantages and disadvantages....
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Plamen Avramov06/02/2020, 11:40
There is a need for a fast change of the global energy resource model as we’ve known for some time that fossil fuels are no longer a viable solution either for the future or for the environment well fare. Among other renewable energy sources Concentrating Solar Energy (CSE) is a very promising one due to its particular features namely its dispatchability. A brief introduction to different...
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Mariana Sá06/02/2020, 11:54
In the latter half of the 20th century, rockets were developed and overcame the gravity force. Thus, the space exploration era had begun: in 1957, the first human-made object to orbit the Earth, the satellite Sputnik 1, was launched and in 1961 the first human space flight occurred. After that, many other missions took place and others are still currently in progress, such as the famous Hubble...
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Bruno Costa (Instituto Superior Técnico)06/02/2020, 12:38
The Portuguese agricultural sector has undergone substantial changes in the last half century as a consequence of increased industrialization and the entry into the European single market. In the near future, new challenges will emerge such as the need to compete with new and emerging markets and to adapt to environmental issues such as climate change and resource shortages, achieving...
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Carlos Miguel Garrido (Instituto Superior Técnico)06/02/2020, 12:49
Empirical evidence highlights the importance of different forms of institutions for Human cooperation and collective action to thrive. It remains, however, disputed which types of incentives are more likely to prevail and evolve in nature and societies. In this thesis the stochastic evolution of different classes of institutions based on distinct types of incentives will be investigated. This...
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Mariana Mota06/02/2020, 13:00
An important inverse problem in physics is the discovery of laws that determine the behavior of a given system, described by temporal and spatial data. Recently, Rudy and co-authors introduced deep learning techniques to fit observed data, with and without noise, with models based on space-time partial differential equations. Several benchmark tests were performed with the Navier-Stokes...
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Filipe Mendes06/02/2020, 13:11
The objective of this work is to detect and identify in real-time the radionuclides contained in gamma ray spectrometric data acquired during expeditions in outdoor scenarios. The algorithms are based on artificial intelligence techniques, such as Neural Networks and Deep Learning. The gamma ray spectrometric data can be simulated or acquired by a Micro-sized Gamma Spectrometer, based on a...
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