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Ms Camila Costa (IGC; INESC MN)08/02/2023, 10:15
The motion of swimming microbes has shown to be a good representation of their behavior, which in turn is unique for a given strain of cells. We want to understand how single-cell behavior relates to collective behavior of microbes. For instance, two mutants from the same species may exhibit distinct single-cell swimming behaviors. Does their collective behavior also differ? And if so, are...
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David Lopes08/02/2023, 10:30
Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime is the maximally symmetric exact solution to the vacuum Einstein field equations with negative cosmological constant. The negative cosmological constant acts like an attractive potential, preventing timelike geodesics from reaching spatial infinity. On the other hand, null geodesics can reach spatial infinity in finite time, and one has to provide boundary...
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Rafael Russo de Almeida (IST)08/02/2023, 10:45
Current laser injection in particle in cell (PIC) codes is based on paraxial solutions to Maxwell's Equation. Up until now, there have been little to no problem in using these methods. However, as the use of ultra short or ultra tightly focused laser pulses gains popularity and applications, a new method needs to be developed to account for this extreme regimes while injecting electromagnetic...
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Luís Miguel Marques Lourenço08/02/2023, 11:20
The Higgs particle was predicted in 1964 and discovered at CERN on July 2012, earning Higgs and Englert the 2013 Physics Nobel Prize. This is a spin-zero particle (scalar), necessary to give masses to all the other massive particles in the Standard Model of Electroweak interactions. But, there is no fundamental reason why there should be only one such scalar. In this project, we consider...
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Alexandre Barbosa (Laboratory for Quantum Plasmas (IPFN) and Quantum Photonics Laboratory (IT))08/02/2023, 11:35
Quantum communication promises to revolutionize telecommunications, upgrading it to a new standard of security, grounded on the laws of Physics. A plethora of implementations for quantum communication have been proposed, but a general principle is that photons are useful for long distance communication, while matter is convenient for storage of quantum information and to generate photonic...
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Duarte Feiteira (CENTRA - Instituto Superior Técnico)08/02/2023, 11:50
The theory of general relativity successfully describes a huge variety of phenomena at large scales. This study is focused on one of the most interesting structures allowed by this theory: black holes.
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To understand the relation between the geometry of a spacetime and the physics of its black holes, it is important to study the orbits of test particles. This work was previously performed for... -
Guilherme Crispim08/02/2023, 12:05
Collisions of heavy ion nuclei at relativistic speeds (close to the speed of light), sometimes referred to as the "Little Bang", can recreate conditions similar to the early universe. This high-temperature and very dense form of matter, now known as the Quark-Gluon plasma (QGP), is made of the elementary building blocks - quarks and gluons - whose description lies within the Quantum...
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Catarina Dias08/02/2023, 12:20
This research project aims to model, calibrate and validate the mechanisms involved in Drosophila´s early development during the pair-rule and, eventually, the segment-polarity phases. With this in mind we will address the morphogenetic interactions during the first two hours of development before cellularisation (Syncythial Phase), anchoring our modelling on the experimental data provided...
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Catarina Corte-Real (CENTRA — Instituto Superior Técnico)08/02/2023, 12:35
Type Ia supernovae are among the brightest objects in the sky, and the estimation of their distances to Earth have been used as proof that the universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. They are the result of the explosion of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, in a binary system with another star, whose nature is still unknown.
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In this project, Machine Learning tools such as Gaussian Processes... -
Lízia Maria Gonçalves Branco08/02/2023, 14:05
This project aims on fully understanding the ion channels' role in the transmission of electric signals along axons and on developing a physically and mathematically consistent model that describes the evolution of the neurones' membrane potential - the key mechanism for signal propagation. Being the Hodgkin-Huxley’s theory our starting point, we will look at the limitations and...
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Catarina Santos Neves08/02/2023, 14:20
Distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy communities (ECs) are becoming increasingly popular as a way to decarbonize the housing sector. With DERs, traditional end-consumers become prosumers, who both consume and produce electricity. ECs aim at balancing their own energy demand and generation, by engaging in peer-to-peer (P2P) trading. After having their daily demand met, prosumers can...
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João Palma (Instituto Superior Técnico)08/02/2023, 14:35
In future nuclear-fusion reactors, the energy of the alpha particles produced is expected to ignite and keep the fuel plasma burning. Yet, resonant interaction with Alfvén eigenmodes may transport these alphas away from the fusing core and towards the reactor structure. Research about such resonant interactions has focused mainly on waves from the shear (or incompressible) branch of the Alfvén...
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Rodrigo Rodrigues08/02/2023, 14:50
Greenhouse gas emissions, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, are one of the main causes of climate change. Thus, an energy transition is needed, through the shift of the energy sector from fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption to renewable energy sources. The building sector is the largest energy consumer in Europe, making it essential to achieve the desired energy...
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Miguel Cardoso Pedro08/02/2023, 15:05
The electronics industry is fundamental nowadays and semiconductors play a determining role. The most widely used is, by far, silicon (Si). However, it is not the only one, and many other semiconductors with different properties are explored for specific applications. For example, due to its wide bandgap, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has aroused interest for optoelectronic applications, such as solar...
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Marco António Coelho Leitão08/02/2023, 15:30
The study of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, the deconfined phase of QCD matter, is a very active and fast-developing field of research. The QGP is the phase matter of the Universe in its first microsecond of existence and can be formed in collisions of ultra-relativistic Heavy Ions. One of the key ways the internal properties of QGP have been studied is by looking at how it affects the behavior of...
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Pedro Rossa08/02/2023, 15:45
Remote Controlled Laboratories had a great push during the COVID pandemic. In fact, they were already out there but lacking in visibility. This external trigger pushed the academy to face a global challenge to start offering remote experiments in a more consistent and mature way.
Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) has been offering several remote experiments since 2000 but with the need for...
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Miguel Da Silva Barros Madeira08/02/2023, 16:00
Nuclear fusion has one of the most promising and exciting end goals of any field. It has the potential of sustaining humanity’s ever-growing energy demand. The first approach to fusion was magnetic confinement and it is also the easiest to scale up, with two designs standing above the rest: the stellarator and the tokamak. Although in the early stages, stellarators were plagued by large...
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Filipe Miguel Favita Monteiro08/02/2023, 16:15
Optimization of magnetoresistive sensors, tackling noise mitigation for known high sensitivity multi-stack compositions. Development of strategies that enable detection in the picoTesla range at room temperature with a good signal-to-noise ratio, essential for applications such as in the Biomedical imaging field. These strategies address both the TMR sensor fabrication process and design. 3D...
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Henrique João Machado Borges08/02/2023, 16:50
The study of how information spreads throughout social systems has long been studied by a wide variety of fields. In that context, recent empirical evidence indicates that complex contagion (a situation where individuals revise their behaviour by taking into consideration those of their friends, which, jointly with the complexity of the diffusing information, define the likelihood of an...
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Nyvenn Alves de Castro08/02/2023, 17:05
The human body is, without a doubt, one of the most intriguing multi-level machines. The whole organization, from the smaller, highly complex unit, the cell, to the larger and well-coordinated building blocks that operate all functions in the body, the organs, has been the object of many studies. For my master thesis, I want to focus my work on the heart, the central organ of the circulatory...
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Guilherme Afonso Azenha Cerqueira Simplício08/02/2023, 17:20
In this paper, we present a novel approach to studying General Relativity and Gravitational Waves using emerging deep learning techniques. We begin by providing a brief introduction to the basics of General Relativity and Gravitational Waves, highlighting their importance in understanding the universe. We then introduce the concept of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and demonstrate...
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Pedro Santos08/02/2023, 17:35
Out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic sensors have become an essential part of a wide range of cutting-edge technologies where 3 axis detection is needed in reduced footprint, from advanced navigation systems to robotics and automation.
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The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive study on the enhancement of the linear range and sensitivity of tunneling magnetoresistance OOP magnetic... -
Mr Afonso Ribeiro08/02/2023, 17:50
Liquid phases are exotic phases of matter that arise in many-body interacting systems. In contrast to more conventional phases, such liquids remain disordered down to zero temperature. Nevertheless, despite the apparent lack of order, their local degrees of freedom are highly correlated.
However, liquid phases can be fragile. The unavoidable coupling to the degrees of freedom of their...
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Marcelo Rodrigues Gonçalves09/02/2023, 09:45
Plasma technologies for in situ resource utilization on Mars have been proposed recently, in particular to decompose CO$_2$ from the Martian atmosphere and extract the oxygen for life-support, fuels and agriculture. However, the underlying plasma chemistry is very complex and efficient prediction of the plasma properties is mandatory. Moreover, some of the reaction constants of the plasma...
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Pedro Diogo De Assis Santos Birra (Instituto Superior Técnico)09/02/2023, 10:00
This thesis aims to investigate the potential use of quantum algorithms in the field of High Energy Physics. Specifically, the focus is on the application of quantum algorithms to track reconstruction and calorimeter reconstruction in the High Granularity Calorimeter of CMS. The study will examine the use of existing quantum algorithms such as k-means and affinity propagation, and explore any...
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João Francisco Pires Nunes Serra Patrício09/02/2023, 10:15
The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that enables to test the management of energy communities by a municipality. the objective is to find the best organizational framework, concerning business model, management algorithms and technological features, that optimizes the gains of the communities, both in environmental and economic terms. The model will be applied to the case study...
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Mr Miguel Lagoas Roldão (IPFN)09/02/2023, 10:30
The first observation of a fluid-like light with characteristics similar to a superfluid was performed by M. Brambilla, who studied a coherent electromagnetic field in a laser cavity and reformulated the temporal evolution in terms of hydrodynamic equations similar to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, initiating a new discussion about the relationship between hydrodynamic turbulence and optical...
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Simão Costa09/02/2023, 10:45
In nature, quarks cannot exist by themselves . When produced, like for example in high energy collisions, quarks join together with other quarks to form hadrons. This process, called hadronization, is driven by the strong force (QCD) and is yet not fully understood. Measurements of B mesons at colliders offer unique probes of the hadronization process by which single quarks form color-neutral...
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Ricardo Silva09/02/2023, 11:20
The rapid advancement in the field of neural network algorithms has led to their proliferation in a wide range of fields, including image and audio recognition, natural language processing, big data analytics, and decision-making. This is due to their ability to adapt and learn through methods that involve the modification of internal parameters based on input data used for training. However,...
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Rita Filipa Correia Ferreira Constantino09/02/2023, 11:35
The need for accurate positioning sensors with small dimensions has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to the development of various technologies for this purpose. The primary focus of these technologies is to provide reliable outputs with high resolution, while also minimizing the cost of fabrication. An example of such a technology is Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Sensors,...
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Rita Pinto Santos09/02/2023, 11:50
In this work, we discuss black hole formation in general relativity. We aim to study the critical collapse of scalar field data numerically. We are interested in analysing this collapse from the point of view of an observer located “at” infinity, which allows us to extract global properties of the system from Einstein's equations [Pürrer, 2005].
We have already successfully implemented a...
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Francisco Pais09/02/2023, 12:05
The complexity and dynamical nature of spacetime, ruled by the Einstein field equations, make it hard (if not downright impossible) to find exact analytical solutions to most scenarios in General Relativity. This has lead physicists and mathematicians to explore, in the last few decades, the framework of the initial value problem. The Cauchy problem, as it is also called, consists of foliating...
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Miguel Lopes09/02/2023, 12:20
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extremely sensitive technique of medical diagnosis. A radioactive marker is injected in the patient’s body, releasing positrons in the zone to study. When the positrons encounter electrons from neighboring molecules, they annihilate, producing two energetic photons traveling in opposite directions. These photons are identified by the surrounding...
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Paulo Figueiredo09/02/2023, 12:35
The advent of nuclear fusion energy has been an highly anticipated one for over a century. In this work, we explore a promising concept to achieve it through magnetic confinement, the stellarator, which breaks the tokamak symmetry, allowing steady-state operation. Optimization of this design requires the iterative calculation of the magnetic equilibrium, tending to be computationally...
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Francisco Gandum Pinheiro (Instituto Superior Técnico)09/02/2023, 14:05
The de Sitter spacetime, first found by Willem de Sitter in 1917, is a solution to the Einstein field equations without matter and with a positive cosmological constant. Current observations suggest that our universe has a small positive cosmological constant, Λ, and that it is asymptotically de Sitter, demonstrating the important role of positive Λ solutions and in particular of the de Sitter...
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Eufémio Tavares Marques09/02/2023, 14:20
Optimization of thin films (5-30 nm thick) with specific and interesting characteristics for the charge transfer process in metal-insulator-metal nanostructures to obtain controlled switching characteristics for integration into nanostructures of artificial neural networks based on memristors and understanding the electrical transport mechanisms in the insulating material. As electrical...
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Guilherme Metelo Rita De Almeida (Universidade de Lisboa (PT))09/02/2023, 14:35
The ATLAS detector is one of the two multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. Its main goals are to search for signs of physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and to make precise measurements of the Standard Model itself. In order to analyse the data recorded by the detector, one of the most complex operations is to reconstruct the tracks left by electrically...
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Maria Francisca Góis (Physics of Information and Quantum Technologies Group of CeFEMA, IST & PQI – Portuguese Quantum Institute)09/02/2023, 14:50
Quantum computers, while still being in their infancy, have become a reality since many years. Increasing resources are being devoted to their development, within academic research as well as by many industries, including some of the largest computer companies. So far, all the efforts have been concentrated towards achieving increasingly better time performances, through improving qubit...
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Sofia Martins da Costa09/02/2023, 15:05
Rising electricity prices, high dependencies on imported energy and increasing concerns with sustainability are all driving forces advocating for a larger adoption of renewable resources in the power grid. However, this inclusion is not without its challenges, since there is a need to meet a changing electricity demand with an intermittent energy source, requiring the development of a strong...
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Eduardo Batista09/02/2023, 15:30
Contamination of people, animals, foodstuffs, objects and several types of materials by biological agents are of major concern, especially by man or animal pathogens. However, some non-pathogenic agents are also relevant, mainly those associate with food spoilage, or those responsible with the breakdown of sterility, in certain types of equipments and health devices. The primary ways involved...
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Bruno Oliveira09/02/2023, 15:45
In conflict with the observations of light neutrino masses, the Standard Model of particle physics does not include a neutrino mass term. One possible extension to the Standard Model addressing this deficit is the addition of sterile neutrinos able to generate neutrino masses via the type I seesaw mechanism. Collider detectable low scale seesaw models are generically protected by a...
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António de Lagos Roque Pessanha Gomes09/02/2023, 16:00
Space radiation has a large impact on planetary space weather and electronic instruments, both on the ground and in space. For this reason, comprehending the space radiation environment in our solar system, is fundamental for modern society and space exploration.
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BepiColombo is the first European mission to Mercury, succeeding NASA’s Mariner 10 and MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space... -
Íris Carolina Brée de Medeiros e Silva09/02/2023, 16:15
The Higgs particle was predicted in 1964 and discovered at CERN on July 2012, earning Higgs and Englert the 2013 Physics Nobel Prize. This is a spin zero particle (scalar), necessary to give masses to all the other massive particles in the Standard Model of Electroweak interactions. But, there is no fundamental reason why there should be only one such scalar. Thus, as one achieves a more...
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Diogo Gonçalves09/02/2023, 16:50
The development of miniaturized thin-film silicon photodetectors and their integration with microfluidics for point-of-care biosensor microsystems has been studied for years. These photodetectors can operate in the visible range using fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and colorimetric molecular markers and in the UV range, aiming to achieve label-free detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and...
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André Santos09/02/2023, 17:05
In recent years, several experimental measurements have shown deviations from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. One such deviation is the anomaly in the measurement of $b\to s l^+l^-$ decays. Additionally, the long-standing muon $(g-2)$ anomaly has been confirmed, now with a discrepancy of $4.2\sigma$ relative to the SM prediction. In this paper, we study the effects of new physics on the...
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Rafael de Almeida Carvalho Pastor Pinto09/02/2023, 17:20
The asymptotic properties of spacetimes play a central role in many aspects of General Relativity (GR). One of the crucial concepts introduced for the realisation of the latter, was the use of conformal compactifications introduced in General Relativity by Roger Penrose [Nobel Prize 2020] to describe in a geometric way the notion of infinity. The formulation that takes Penrose’s idea of...
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Hugo Miranda09/02/2023, 17:35
In quantum information processing, it is ubiquitous to reliably be
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able to prepare quantum states, manipulate them and measure the resulting state. Additionally, an
important device for both of these applications is the quantum memory. While for quantum computers, quantum memories are indispensable for storage, in long distance quantum communication, with a current maximum range of 100km, a... -
Swapnil Singh
What we found from string theory is that all the mass of a black hole is not getting sucked into the center.
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The black hole tries to squeeze things to a point, but then the particles get stretched into these strings, and the strings start to stretch and expand and it becomes this fuzzball that expands to fill up the entirety of the black hole.
The Fuzzball model of Blackhole attempts to...
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