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19/11/2023, 15:00
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Frank Tecker (CERN)20/11/2023, 08:30
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Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)20/11/2023, 09:30
The design, construction, and operation of accelerator magnets, particularly those employing superconductor technology, pose
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challenges in all domains of physics and engineering. These challenges include: Material science aspects, such as the development of superconducting wires and cables, the specification of austenitic and magnetic steel, and the choice of radiation-resistant insulation.... -
Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)20/11/2023, 11:00
Instead of asking what are vector fields, or what is the difference between the magnetic field intensity H
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and the magnetic flux density B, it is more meaningful to ask what they do or describe: Vector fields are mappings that assign to each point of the domain, one and only one bound vector from the domain's tangent space. Electric fields, represented by the gradient of a scalar field,... -
Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)20/11/2023, 12:00
Instead of asking what are vector fields, or what is the difference between the magnetic field intensity H
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and the magnetic flux density B, it is more meaningful to ask what they do or describe: Vector fields are mappings that assign to each point of the domain, one and only one bound vector from the domain's tangent space. Electric fields, represented by the gradient of a scalar field,... -
Hermann Schmickler20/11/2023, 14:30
The main purpose of the lecture is to explain the real use of all main magnet types in different accelerators. For this a one hor primer on linear beam optics is included. Folloing the theoretical model application examples of dipole, quadrupoles, sextupoles, solenoids and other magnets are given.
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Hermann Schmickler20/11/2023, 15:30
The main purpose of the lecture is to explain the real use of all main magnet types in different accelerators. For this a one hor primer on linear beam optics is included. Folloing the theoretical model application examples of dipole, quadrupoles, sextupoles, solenoids and other magnets are given.
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20/11/2023, 17:00
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20/11/2023, 18:00
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Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)21/11/2023, 08:30
Instead of asking what are vector fields, or what is the difference between the magnetic field intensity H
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and the magnetic flux density B, it is more meaningful to ask what they do or describe: Vector fields are mappings that assign to each point of the domain, one and only one bound vector from the domain's tangent space. Electric fields, represented by the gradient of a scalar field,... -
Herbert De Gersem21/11/2023, 09:30
Stephan Russenschuck, Maxwell equations in global form, oriented manifolds, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Gauss’ law, conservation of charge. Maxwell equation in local form, Vector fields, application to NC magnets, material relations, boundary and interface conditions, space curves and their applications, CCT magnets, the directional derivative, grad, curl, and div, coordinate-free definition...
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Herbert De Gersem21/11/2023, 11:00
In this lecture, we show how to set up a finite element model of an accelerator magnet. We discuss the challenges in simulating accelerator magnets and come up with a list of requirements for commercial or freeware simulation tools. The challenges include detailed geometries, nonlinear and hysterestic materials, superconductivity, composite materials, complicated eddy-current effects,...
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Lucio Fiscarelli (CERN), Luis García-Tabarés, Marco Buzio (CERN), Michael Eisterer, Yifeng Yang (University of Southampton (GB))21/11/2023, 12:00
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Attilio Milanese (CERN)21/11/2023, 14:30
This course focuses on resistive magnets. After an introduction, with examples of the variety of normal conducting magnets installed in accelerators, the main requirements and interfaces are formalized and described. The design principles – both of the yoke and of the coil – are then presented, with general formulae and covering more in detail the case of dipoles and quadrupoles. The last part...
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Michael Eisterer21/11/2023, 15:30
The lecture presents the basic phenomenology of superconductivity. It starts with the defining properties: zero resistivity and perfect flux expulsion (Meissner effect). The latter evidences a thermodynamic phase not only perfect conductivity. Without any knowledge of the underlying mechanism, one can derive the condensation energy of the superconducting state, flux penetration at the surface...
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Attilio Milanese (CERN)21/11/2023, 17:00
This course focuses on resistive magnets. After an introduction, with examples of the variety of normal conducting magnets installed in accelerators, the main requirements and interfaces are formalized and described. The design principles – both of the yoke and of the coil – are then presented, with general formulae and covering more in detail the case of dipoles and quadrupoles. The last part...
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Attilio Milanese (CERN)22/11/2023, 08:30
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Attilio Milanese (CERN)22/11/2023, 09:30
This course focuses on resistive magnets. After an introduction, with examples of the variety of normal conducting magnets installed in accelerators, the main requirements and interfaces are formalized and described. The design principles – both of the yoke and of the coil – are then presented, with general formulae and covering more in detail the case of dipoles and quadrupoles. The last part...
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Stefania Farinon (INFN e Universita Genova (IT))22/11/2023, 11:00
After a brief recap of the derivation of field harmonics, this lecture delineates the process of creating multipoles with current lines, focusing particularly on dipoles and quadrupoles. The presentation covers the derivation of ideal dipolar and quadrupolar fields, as well as more realistic cases such as sector coils and canted cos-theta configurations.
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Fernando Toral (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))22/11/2023, 12:00
Superconducting magnets create very high magnetic fields thanks to their intrinsically large current densities. As a consequence, large electromagnetic forces are created. Obviously, support structures are needed to hold these forces without degradation. Futhermore, as a specific feature of superconductors, proper support of the coils is necessary to avoid premature quenches. This lecture...
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Dr Ezio Todesco (CERN), Fernando Toral (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES)), Susana Izquierdo Bermudez (CERN)22/11/2023, 14:30
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Attilio Milanese (CERN), Jan Borburgh (CERN), Jeremie Bauche (CERN), Pierre Alexandre Thonet (CERN)22/11/2023, 14:30
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Marco Buzio (CERN), Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)22/11/2023, 14:30
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Luis Antonio Gonzalez Gomez (CERN), Luis García-Tabarés (CIEMAT), Michael Eisterer, Yifeng Yang (University of Southampton (GB))22/11/2023, 14:30
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Dr Ezio Todesco (CERN), Fernando Toral (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES)), Susana Izquierdo Bermudez (CERN)22/11/2023, 17:00
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Attilio Milanese (CERN), Jan Borburgh (CERN), Jeremie Bauche (CERN)22/11/2023, 17:00
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Marco Buzio (CERN), Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)22/11/2023, 17:00
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN), Luis Antonio Gonzalez Gomez (CERN), Luis García-Tabarés, Michael Eisterer, Yifeng Yang (University of Southampton (GB))22/11/2023, 17:00
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Dominik Rothschedl (Dwh GmbH)22/11/2023, 18:00
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Michael Eisterer23/11/2023, 08:30
The lecture starts by introducing the basic requirements on superconducting wires and tapes for applications. The difference between the technical critical current and the original definition of the critical current in terms of the critical state is discussed. The concept of stabilized multifilamentary wires is introduced. Details and particular properties of three superconducting materials...
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Stefania Farinon (INFN e Universita Genova (IT))23/11/2023, 09:30
The lecture shows the methodology for assessing the maximum performance of dipole and quadrupole magnets. This involves introducing and explaining concepts such as critical surface, filling ratios, peak field on coils, load line, and short sample. It also delves into additional considerations regarding the influence of the iron yoke and current grading.
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Dr Amalia Ballarino (CERN)23/11/2023, 11:00
After a short introduction aiming at reviewing the physical parameters of superconducting materials, families of the cuprates (REBCO, BSCCO 2212 and BSCCO 2223), MgB2 and Iron Based Superconductors are described. Emphasis is put on their structure, on their physical properties, including vortex pinning characteristics, and on the manufacturing processes that enable production of wire and/or...
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Fernando Toral (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))23/11/2023, 12:00
Superconducting magnets create very high magnetic fields thanks to their intrinsically large current densities. As a consequence, large electromagnetic forces are created. Obviously, support structures are needed to hold these forces without degradation. Futhermore, as a specific feature of superconductors, proper support of the coils is necessary to avoid premature quenches. This lecture...
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23/11/2023, 14:30
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23/11/2023, 17:00
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23/11/2023, 18:00
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Dr Ezio Todesco (CERN)24/11/2023, 08:30
When a superconducting magnet has a local irreversible transition above the critical surface (quench), protection systems must be activated to avoid overheating the conductor or creating too large voltages in the coil between the resistive part the the superconductive one. Here we will deal with protection of high field main accelerator magnets, characterised by a large current density and...
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24/11/2023, 09:30
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24/11/2023, 11:00
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24/11/2023, 14:30
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Roland Piccin (CERN)25/11/2023, 08:30
Magnets for particle accelerators are electrical machines subjected to severe operating conditions such as extreme temperatures, radiations, high mechanical stresses, and in certain cases high voltages. A robust electrical insulation is vital to guarantee a high reliability and availability of the accelerator machines. This lecture aims to provide an overview of the most common electrical...
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Marco Buzio (CERN)25/11/2023, 09:30
This lecture provides a broad overview of the topic of measurement of the field generated by accelerator magnets. First, the need of magnet testing is put in context by comparing it with numerical modelling and beam-based measurements. Then the most commonly used measurement principles are reviewed including induction, Lorentz force and magnetic resonance-based instruments. A few metrological...
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Lucio Fiscarelli (CERN)25/11/2023, 11:00
The measurement of the magnetic field is often the final verification of the design and fabrication process of a magnets for particle accelerators.
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In most cases, when seeking high accuracy, the measurement technique and its realization can result in a considerable effort. The lecture describes
the most used field-measurement techniques based of flux-metric methods:
i)the rotating coil... -
Fernando Toral (CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tec. (ES))25/11/2023, 12:00
Low emittance rings are accelerator facilities of increasing importance nowadays. Both damping rings for linear colliders and storage rings of 4th generation light sources belong to this category. Magnets for these type of rings share demanding and specific features: high field strength, good field quality, narrow tolerance alignments. There are some particular magnets to which special...
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25/11/2023, 14:30
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25/11/2023, 17:00
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Mr Melvin Liebsch (TE-MSC-MM)27/11/2023, 08:30
Field maps, i.e. cartographic descriptions of the magnetic field, are used to assess the field quality in accelerator magnets, for various applications. Due to their capability to measure static magnetic fields, and their comparatively small active areas of less than 1 mm2, mapping techniques are based on Hall probes as magnetic field sensors.
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This lecture begins with an introduction to the... -
Dr Ezio Todesco (CERN)27/11/2023, 09:30
After a short digression about the physics of magnetisation in ferromagnetic materials as iron, we will discuss the magnetisation in the superconductors, and its relation to the stability of the superconductor and to the strand architecture. We then discuss the impact of the magnetisation on field quality ; we then outline the ramp rate effects, and its impact on the cable design. We conclude...
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Rob Van Weelderen (CERN)27/11/2023, 11:00
For one-of-a-kind superconducting-, or small numbers of, superconducting-magnets one usually can afford to be more relaxed on energy consumption and cryogen consumables than for the magnets making up the core of a multi-km long particle accelerator. From the point of view of thermal design conceptions of accelerator magnets we'll address the energetic notions that come into play when having to...
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Dr Stefano Sgobba (CERN)27/11/2023, 12:00
Magnetic materials, both hard and soft, are used extensively in several components of particle accelerators. Magnetically soft iron-nickel alloys are used as shields for the vacuum chambers of accelerator injection and extraction septa; Fe-based material is widely employed for cores of accelerator and experiment magnets. Weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steels are largely applied for...
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27/11/2023, 14:30
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27/11/2023, 17:00
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Dr Stefano Sgobba (CERN)28/11/2023, 08:30
Magnetic materials, both hard and soft, are used extensively in several components of particle accelerators. Magnetically soft iron-nickel alloys are used as shields for the vacuum chambers of accelerator injection and extraction septa; Fe-based material is widely employed for cores of accelerator and experiment magnets. Weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steels are largely applied for...
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Marco Buzio (CERN)28/11/2023, 09:30
This lecture concerns the techniques to measure and model mathematically non-linear effects in iron-dominated magnets, with the aim to control the magnetic field with a high precision, 100 ppm or better, as typically required in particle accelerators. The topics covered include a review of the physical phenomenology of magnetic saturation, hysteresis and eddy currents in material samples and...
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Rob Van Weelderen (CERN)28/11/2023, 11:00
For one-of-a-kind superconducting-, or small numbers of, superconducting-magnets one usually can afford to be more relaxed on energy consumption and cryogen consumables than for the magnets making up the core of a multi-km long particle accelerator. From the point of view of thermal design conceptions of accelerator magnets we'll address the energetic notions that come into play when having to...
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Marco Buzio (CERN)28/11/2023, 12:00
This lecture concerns the techniques to measure and model mathematically non-linear effects in iron-dominated magnets, with the aim to control the magnetic field with a high precision, 100 ppm or better, as typically required in particle accelerators. The topics covered include a review of the physical phenomenology of magnetic saturation, hysteresis and eddy currents in material samples and...
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28/11/2023, 14:30
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28/11/2023, 17:00
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28/11/2023, 21:00
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29/11/2023, 14:30
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29/11/2023, 17:00
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Patrick Bestmann (CERN)30/11/2023, 08:30
Fiducialisation is an essential part of the alignment process for an accelerator component that need to be aligned within tolerances greater than the component mechanical assembly precision. This step establishes the relationship between the physical object as it has been built and the theoretical slot it should occupy inside the machine. It defines how the functional features, such as...
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Susana Izquierdo Bermudez (CERN)30/11/2023, 09:30
The production of superconducting magnets for accelerators is a complex and not yet fully industrialised process. Ensuring the reliable performance of these magnets in accelerators requires meticulous engineering across a diverse range of specialties. In this lecture, after a brief historical overview of accelerator magnets design and construction, we review the main manufacturing steps for...
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Jan Borburgh (CERN)30/11/2023, 11:00
A brief introduction to injection and extraction devices for synchrotron particle accelerators. An overview will be given of the magnets, but also the electric field devices commonly used. The talk will highlight the link between these devices and the required power converters. It will conclude with the consequences of the device choice on the accelerator protection elements.
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Susana Izquierdo Bermudez (CERN)30/11/2023, 12:00
The production of superconducting magnets for accelerators is a complex and not yet fully industrialised process. Ensuring the reliable performance of these magnets in accelerators requires meticulous engineering across a diverse range of specialties. In this lecture, after a brief historical overview of accelerator magnets design and construction, we review the main manufacturing steps for...
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30/11/2023, 14:30
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30/11/2023, 17:00
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Samer Yammine (CERN)01/12/2023, 08:30
Power converters play a central role in particle accelerators where both their performances are directly linked. As accelerator complexes develop towards higher beam energies and a more sustainable nature, in response to the needs of physics research and of reducing the environmental impact, power converters are required to be on the forefront of technology. They have proliferated into...
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Gael Le Bec (ESRF)01/12/2023, 09:30
This lecture presents permanent magnets for accelerator applications. Fundamental concepts such as magnetization, remanence, coercitive field and demagnetizing field are introduced. The main materials used in accelerators are neodymium-iron-boron (Nd2Fe14B) and samarium-cobalt (Sm2Co17). The manufacturing process of these materials, as well as their main properties, are presented. A few...
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Dr Marco Statera (INFN Milano - LASA)01/12/2023, 11:00
A brief introduction to the superferric magnets is given, what are they and why we use them.
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An overview of the use of superferric magnets in synchrotrons by selected examples from past to actual projects. A special focus is dedicated to HL-LHC high Orde Correctors with a detailed description of the design and performance, highlighting the contribution of the superferric configuration.
The... -
Mauro Pivi (MedAustron)01/12/2023, 12:00
This lecture is an overview of Magnets for Medical Applications using Particle Accelerator.
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In the first part of the lecture we will give an introduction to different accelerators employed in hadron therapy to cure cancer as cyclotrons and synchrotrons. in the second part of the lecture, we will present the MedAustron experience including some of the aspects related to commissioning with beam... -
Axel Bernhard (KIT)01/12/2023, 14:30
Insertion devices are installed in storage rings and linac-driven light sources to produce radiation or to enable an interaction of the particle beam with the radiation field. The intended use case for the generated radiation drives the design requirements for the insertion device. This lecture is intended to give an idea of how undulator radiation and FEL gain depend on the properties of the...
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Luca Bottura (CERN)01/12/2023, 15:30
The Muon Collider, one of the options considered for the future of particle physics at the energy frontier, poses many challenges to accelerator technology. The magnets for the muon beam production, acceleration and collision are one of the most demanding systems, for many reasons. Firstly, collider performance in terms of energy and luminosity translates in the demand for high fields, high...
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Frank Tecker (CERN)01/12/2023, 17:00
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02/12/2023, 08:30
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