The BESIII (Beijing Spectrometer III) collaboration aims to replace the spectrometer’s aging inner MDC (Multilayer Drift Chamber) with a new inner tracker based on CGEM (Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier) technology during the 2024 long shutdown. The new Cylindrical GEM Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) will consist of three independent tracking layers, each with three GEM multiplication stages....
The four planar detector stations of the CBM-MVD will operate between 5 and 20 cm downstream of the target in the moderate vacuum of the target chamber, which is placed in the center of the CBM dipole magnet with a maximum 1 T. The harsh radiation environment of up to 7$\times$10$^{13}$ n$_{\text{eq}}$/cm$^2$ and 5 Mrad per CBM running year poses challenging constraints not only on the...
The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the core tracking subdetector of the CBM experiment at the under-construction FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany. The STS is tasked to provide track reconstruction (> 95$\%$) and momentum determination (< 2$\%$) of charged particles from the beam-target interactions (Au-Au $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.9 - 4.9 GeV). The STS comprises of 876 double-sided microstrip...
The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the primary tracking detector of the fixed-target heavy-ion CBM experiment at the future FAIR facility, Darmstadt. It is designed to reconstruct the trajectory of charged particles within a 1 Tm magnetic field, with the goal of achieving a momentum resolution of better than 2%. STS is comprised of 890 low-mass detector modules, utilizing double-sided...
In the Phase-2 upgrade of CMS and ATLAS, the scope of CO2 detector cooling systems will expand greatly. The systems will be larger, colder, and will see an order-of-magnitude increase in cooling power. The DEMO CO2 cooling system is a full sized prototype of the cooling systems for Phase 2. We have been operating DEMO for most of 2022 and 2023. In this two-part talk, we first address DEMO...
The Inner Tracker detector (ITk), part of the ATLAS High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade, consists of pixel and strips sensors, held in place by rigid structures designed to ensure very high stiffness and radiation length. The main structure, designed at LBNL, consists of a 3 mm thick, 6 m long and 2 m wide carbon fiber cylinder. The critical connections of this cylinder to the external cryostat and...
Tracker barrel with 2S-modules (TB2S) is one of the sub-detectors of the upcoming CMS Phase-2 Tracker. It is composed of 368 ladder frames arranged in a cylindrical pattern, which each house 12 silicon sensor modules. The ladder frames are assembled in a precision gluing jig, where aluminium inserts eventually supporting the modules are glued into a surrounding frame cut and glued from carbon...
During LHC Phase II, the CMS tracker will be updated to increase its performance given by the higher luminosity. One of the goals of this upgrade is to cover the maximum surface and to not leave gaps around the interaction point, to increase the global performance of the detector. In order to reach it, TBPX (Tracker Barrel Pixel) design is divided into two halves, staggered layer by layer, to...
For the HL-LHC the CMS detector requires a major upgrade, called Phase-2 Upgrade, in order to provide the necessary physics performance under the challenging conditions of high luminosity. The CMS Tracker will be entirely replaced with a new tracking system, with a substantial increase in the number of channels and an improved spatial resolution. The Tracker Barrel Pixel detector (TBPX) is the...
The faster data taking and the electronics of the overall modules that will be installed in the tracker of the CMS experiment (Phase-2 for HL-LHC) will bring to a significant increase of the dissipated power. The portcards are the electronic components devoted to the data management of the inner tracker modules. The DC-DC converter, the LpGBT processor and the VTRx (optical fiber) constitute...
The ATLAS ITk outer endcap bare half ring are made of carbon fiber and carbon foam in order to achieve a low mass detector with very good thermal performance. The supports are cooled with CO2 flowing in a titanium pipe, placed between the two carbon foam half-sandwiches composing the local support. A qualification procedure was developed to verify these supports at their base stage (i.e....
Due to the extensive power dissipation of electronics, the STS detector requires liquid cooling supply. As cooling agent 3M NOVEC 649 engineering fluid or perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) was chosen not only because it is characterized by low viscosity and radiation hardness, but also due to the extremely low global warming potential (GWP). To cool down the cooling agent, a refrigeration system...
Silicon Tracking System of the future heavy-ion CBM experiment has several distinctive features to manage the unprecedented beam-target interaction rate of up to 10 MHz. In order to maintain a material budget within 2 − 8%X0, while achieving sufficient granularity, spatial and timing precision, a novel integration approach was employed where the read-out electronics are placed outside of the...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Batavia, Illinois, USA) searches for the charged-lepton flavor violating neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of an aluminium nucleus. The calorimeter plays an important role to provide excellent particle identification capabilities and an online trigger filter while aiding the track...
The upgraded CMS Tracker, to be installed prior to the high luminosity phase of LHC operation (HL-LHC), will require novel approaches to overcome the challenges posed by the extreme radiation environment. In addition, the tracker must remain extremely lightweight and at the same time provide an efficient cooling system (evaporative CO2).
Tracker Endcaps Double-Disk (TEDD) of CMS Outer...
To cope with the High Luminosty LHC (HL-LHC) data taking contidions the tracker detector of the CMS will be replaced by a completely new and enhanced version within the Phase-II Upgrade. The future outer tracker consists of two barrel parts and two end caps where one end cap is made of five double-disks, each hosting the p_T modules on all four surfaces. The building block of the mechanical...
For the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), CMS will install a completely new silicon tracker. The future Outer Tracker will consist of two barrel parts and two endcaps (TEDD), one on each end. One TEDD is made of five double-disks (DD). One DD is assembled from four half disks (Dees) with a diameter of 2.2 m. This contribution will describe the entire process from integrating modules onto Dees,...
In preparation for the high-luminosity LHC phase, the ATLAS detector will be upgraded with a new silicon inner tracker, the ITk, relying on a cooling system based on carbon dioxide (CO2) evaporative properties.
In order to test the key aspect of the cooling, a prototype for the ITk Outer Endcap Layer 4 Half-Shell cooling system was built in Milan and tested at the CERN CO2 BabyDEMO cooling...
**The main ITk structures for the ATLAS High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade consist of concentric carbon fiber cylinders, reinforced by hat stiffeners and thick flanges. These structures were manufactured in the US, and then shipped to Europe for dressing and assembly. Although very stiff when assembled, the cylinders are susceptible to large deformations under the dynamic loads occurring during...
Diego Álvarez1, Sebastien Michal2, Ricardo Tavares Rego1, Valery Akhnazarov1, Christophe Bault1, Jerome Bendotti1, Francois Boyer1, Andrea Catinaccio1, Alexander Christen3, Jordan Degrange1, Neil Dixon1, Philippe Favre2, Gilles Grandvaux1,5, Coralie Husi2, Susanne Kuehn1, Jean-Philippe Logier4, Mathieu Niclas4, Nicola Pacifico1, Alexandre Perez1, Eric Vigeolas4, Remus-Gheorghita...
The ALICE collaboration plans to replace the inner tracking system (ITS2) during LHC long shutdown 3 (LS3), with a completely new system, called ITS3. This new system is expected to improve the pointing resolution of tracking, especially at low transverse momentum, and significantly extend the heavy flavour physics program of the experiment. The full detector consists of two half-barrels,...
The warm nose heat exchanger are used to control the temperature in the ATLAS detector through CO2 liquid/2phase heat exchange without any heater in the unreachable areas of the detector. Due to the limited space, these heat exchangers are produced with 3D metal printing. A large campaign is done to study different cleaning solution in order to reduce/eliminate any powder residues. This work...
The CMS Inner Tracker Forward Pixel detector will be rebuilt for the instantaneous luminosity of 5 x $10^{34} \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and up to 200 pp collisions at the High Luminosity LHC. To limit particle occupancy to the per mille level and improve track resolution, we will increase the granularity of the sensors. This will result in power dissipation of approximately 60 kW. For...
The characterization of detector support materials plays a crucial role in the design and construction of future colliders such as the electron-ion collider (EIC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC), as it is imperative to achieve a very low material budget in order to minimize unwanted background signals and enhance the precision of the measurements made by the detector. The use of...
Future colliders, such as the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh/ee), muon collider (MC), or electron-Ion collider pose different demands on detector mechanics and thermal performance. A common design criteria is low support mass and optimal thermal performance to effectively cool active detectors. Depending on the physics goals the support mechanics should only have between ~0.1 to 1% X_0...
High thermal capacities and low values of density and viscosity are some of the main characteristics of supercritical fluids. These, in combination with the nature of a supercritical fluid - a single phase fluid - make them very interesting candidates for the thermal management of High Energy Physics detectors.
For future warm detectors operating at ambient temperatures and environments...
During the Phase III Upgrade the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will experience radiation levels extent never achieved before. The current detector cooling system operating with CO2 and the associated mechanical supports must be upgraded as the current cooling temperature is not sufficient to prevent the phenomena of the thermal runaway of the sensors. Indeed, over the years the CO2 cooling...
The Super-KEKB collider will undergo a major upgrade to reach the target luminosity of 6 10^35 cm-2 s-1. A long shutdown is foreseen around year 2027, which provides the opportunity to revisit significant parts of the Belle II experiment and adapt them to the expected change of the experimental conditions. In particular, a new pixelated vertex detector (VTX) is being designed to fit the...
