Speaker
Description
The upper 20 meters of the polar ice sheets exhibit significant density inhomogeneity, causing significant fluctuations in the in-ice signal amplitude as a function of depth. Understanding these effects is crucial for radio-based ultra-high-energy neutrino searches using ice as a detection medium. We present in-situ measurements of density ($\rho$) and refractive index ($n$) in the upper 13 meters of ice at the Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR) site near Summit Station on the Greenland ice sheet, taken during the summer of 2024. The resulting $n(z)$ profiles were broadly consistent with previous measurements at Summit, but revealed complex layering near the surface. Additionally, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave signal was broadcast from an in-ice transmitter and measured at various depths inside a borehole. These signals were compared with simulations based on finite-difference time-domain methods utilizing ice models derived from the in-situ $n(z)$ measurements.
| Collaboration(s) | Radar Echo Telescope |
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