Conveners
NU: physics
- Federico Sanchez (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: physics
- Federico Sanchez (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: experimental & next generation
- Federico Sanchez (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: experimental & next generation
- Federico Sanchez (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: experimental & next generation
- Federico Sanchez (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: experimental & next generation
- Teresa Montaruli (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: highlights & analysis
- Teresa Montaruli (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: highlights & analysis
- Teresa Montaruli (Universite de Geneve (CH))
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: methods for analysis
- rosa coniglione
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: instruments and applications
- rosa coniglione
NU: experimental & next generation
- rosa coniglione
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: atmospheric interpretations & MM studies
- rosa coniglione
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: atmospheric interpretations & MM studies
- rosa coniglione
NU: experimental & next generation
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: atmospheric interpretations & MM studies
- rosa coniglione
NU: experimental & next generation
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
NU: atmospheric interpretations & MM studies
- rosa coniglione
NU: highlights & analysis
- Maria Petropoulou
The FASER experiment at the LHC aims to study neutrinos of all three flavors at TeV energies and search for new long-lived particles. The FASER detector, a 1-ton-scale emulsion-electronic hybrid neutrino detector, is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS $p$-$p$ interaction point, directly in the line of sight. Data taking began with the start of LHC Run 3 in 2022, and a total of 190 fb$^{-1}$...
High-energy collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have traditionally focused on particle production at small pseudorapidities. However, to further utilize the valuable data from particles produced at the ATLAS interaction point along the beamline, the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF) aims to study particle production in the far-forward region at the high-luminosity LHC. The FPF...
If neutrinos were the one (and only) instance of elementary particles of the Majorana type, they could undergo a hypothetical process violating lepton number, the so-called neutrino-less double-beta decay (0ฮฝฮฒฮฒ). If 0ฮฝฮฒฮฒ indeed were observed, that would be enough to claim the Majorana nature of neutrinos. This would have substantial repercussions on cosmology and provide a possible mechanism...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next-generation neutrino experiment located in China, currently undergoing the Liquid Scintillator (LS) filling phase. With 20 ktons of ultra-pure LS, JUNO seeks to make world leading measurements of three neutrino oscillation parameters and determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO).
Even though it is designed to primarily use...
In order to develop a consistent quantum theory of gravity, we must understand whether spacetime exhibits fluctuations at the Planck scale. If these Planck-scale fluctuations exist, they may cause propagating particles to evolve in an apparently non-unitary manner. Neutrinos, which interact only via the weak force and gravity, maintain quantum coherence while propagating over large distances....
The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is an in-ice ultra-high-energy (UHE, >10 PeV) neutrino experiment at the South Pole, designed to detect neutrino-induced radio emission in ice. It consists of five independent stations, each featuring a cubic lattice of in-ice antenna clusters spaced ~30 m apart and buried ~200 m below the surface. The fifth ARA station (A5) is unique due to its central phased...
The NOvA experiment, primarily focused on neutrino oscillation studies, also provides a unique platform to search for exotic and non-standard physics phenomena. In this talk, we present the ongoing analyses, outline the current status, highlight the methods and techniques, and discuss the preliminary results. We also highlight the importance of these searches for our scientific knowledge.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory recently published evidence for diffuse neutrino emission from the Galactic Plane at $4.5\sigma$ significance. This new source of astrophysical neutrinos provides an exciting laboratory for probing the nature of neutrino masses. In particular, extremely small mass splittings, such as those predicted by quasi-Dirac neutrino mass models, and finite neutrino...
We present new constraints on neutrino secret interactions (ฮฝSI) using high-energy and ultra high-energy astrophysical neutrinos as probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model. By studying neutrinos from established sources, such as SN1987A, NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 0735+178, and the extreme-energy KM3-230213A event, we explore the potential interactions of Dirac neutrinos with a...
The all-sky very-high energy ($10^4-10^6$ GeV) atmospheric muon flux is most recently measured by IceCube, where in the higher energy range, the spectrum hardens indicating a prompt component. IceCube also measures the atmospheric muon neutrino flux at high energy. Since this is dominated by the astrophysical flux, they are only able to set an upper bound on the prompt atmospheric muon...
The network of two next-generation underwater Cherenkov neutrino telescopes: ARCA and ORCA is being successively deployed in the Mediterranean Sea by the KM3NeT Collaboration. The focus of ARCA is neutrino astronomy, while ORCA is mainly dedicated to neutrino oscillation studies. Both detectors are already operational in their intermediate states and collect valuable results. This work...
Atmospheric neutrinos (ATNs) are widely studied in the context of neutrino oscillation parameter measurements due to a wide range of propagation baselines and neutrino energies. Determining parameters such as $\theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$ relies on precise experimental measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux. The theoretical prediction of ATN flux significantly influences the...
The atmospheric muon flux has been measured by several experiments mainly between the 60s and 80s of the last century. Nonetheless the study of these particles is still of interest at least in two different fields of physics research. The first one is related to neutrino physics. A precise measurement of the parameters that characterize the phenomenon of oscillation between the three...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) [1] is a next-generation neutrino experiment located in China. Although the main goals of JUNO are to determine the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) and to perform sub-percent precision measurements of oscillation parameters with reactor antineutrinos, its physics program is broader and also includes studies on solar neutrinos [2, 3].
The...
Observation of Diffuse Supernova-Neutrino Background (DSNB) gives us a new insight into star formation history. The SuperKamiokande (SK) experiment aims to make the first discovery of this flux.
Since 2020, the SK detector has been updated by loading gadolinium (Gd) as a new experimental phase, โSK-Gd.โ
In the SK-Gd experiment, event selection with delayed coincidence using neutron capture...
Neutrinos emitted from past supernovae are known as Supernova Relic Neutrinos (SRNs). Since the prediction of SRN flux relies on astrophysical inputs such as the supernova rate and cosmic star formation history, the detection of SRNs is expected to provide complementary information to refine these models. KamLAND, a 1-kiloton liquid scintillator, detects electron antineutrinos via inverse beta...
The recent detection of TeV neutrino sources by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory demonstrates the detector's advanced capabilities in detecting high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. At lower energies, down to the GeV range, a variety of transient phenomena, such as novae, supernovae, and gamma-ray bursts, are expected to emit neutrinos. Observations of these neutrinos can provide unique...
GRAND (the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) is a proposed next-generation observatory targeting primarily the detection of ultra-high-energy(UHE) neutrinos, with energies exceeding 100 PeV. GRAND is envisioned as a collection of large-scale ground arrays of self-triggered radio antennas that target the radio emission from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles. Three...
The Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) is being constructed at Summit Station in Greenland. It seeks to detect the radio emission of neutrinos interacting in the 3~km thick ice. Radio detection of neutrinos is sensitive to neutrinos above 10 PeV and therefore complements existing optical detectors. RNO-G currently consists of 8 out of planned 35 stations, each combining the signals...
The detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube has opened a new window on our Universe. While IceCube has measured the flux of these neutrinos at energies up to several PeV, much remains to be discovered regarding their origin and nature. Currently, the discovery of point sources of neutrinos is hindered by atmospheric neutrino backgrounds; likewise, astrophysical neutrino...
Measuring ultra-high energy neutrinos, with energies above 10^16 eV, is the next frontier of the emerging multi-messenger era. Their detection requires building a large-scale detector with 10 times the instantaneous sensitivity of current instruments, sub-degree angular resolution, and wide daily field of view. The Hybrid Elevated Radio Observatory for Neutrinos (HERON) is designed to be that...
PUEO, the Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations, is a long duration balloon-borne experiment with the primary science goal of detecting the impulsive Askaryan emission from ultrahigh energy (>1 EeV) neutrinos interacting in the ice sheet of Antarctica. The ultrahigh energy neutrino flux is yet to be detected, and so a successful measurement by PUEO will give us information about the where...
The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a planned water-based Cherenkov neutrino telescope that will be located off the West Coast of Canada. P-ONE will observe high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, aiming to identify the sources where they are produced, and will allow long-term in-situ studies of bioluminescence in the Cascadia Basin. The detector will be composed of instrumented...
Young massive stellar clusters (YMSCs) have emerged as energetic non-thermal sources, after the recent observation of extended gamma-ray emission by a dozen YMSCs. The large size of their gamma-ray halos, of the order of the excavated bubble from the collective wind, makes the detection of individual YMSCs rather challenging because of the low surface brightness. As a result, the emission from...
Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the direction of the nearby active galaxy, NGC 1068, was a major step in identifying the origin of high-energy neutrinos. This observation revealed that high-energy neutrinos originated at the heart of active galaxies, which are opaque to very-high-energy gamma-ray emission. This realization is further reinforced by the multimessenger picture for the...
Even if in a partial detector configuration, a neutrino event of exceptional energy (about 220 PeV) was detected with the KM3NeT-ARCA detector [Nature 638, 376โ382 (2025)]. This ultra-high-energy event lies in an unexplored energy range where neutrinos have been predicted but never observed until now.
At the time of the detection, on February 13 2023, the ARCA detector consisted in 21...
When ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) interact with ambient photon backgrounds, a flux of extremely-high-energy (EHE), so-called cosmogenic, neutrinos is produced.
The observation of these neutrinos with IceCube can probe the nature of UHECRs. We present a search for EHE neutrinos using 12.6 years of IceCube data. The non-observation of neutrinos with energies $>~10 \, \mathrm{PeV}$...
Baikal-GVD is a cubic-kilometer scale underwater neutrino telescope currently under construction in Lake Baikal. The detector layout is optimized for the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos with energies of ~100 TeV and above. Recently, a similar neutrino telescope, KM3NeT, detected a unique, ultra-high energy neutrino event, KM3-230213A. This case proves the possibility of detecting...
The Trinity Neutrino Observatory aims to detect tau neutrinos in the energy range of 1 PeV to 10 EeV. We are developing the observatory in three stages. The first stage, known as the Trinity Demonstrator, was deployed in Fall 2023. The Demonstrator serves as a pathfinder for the full observatory and will inform the design of the first Trinity Telescope. In this presentation, I will discuss the...
The Pierre Auger Observatory has the capability to identify neutrino-induced extensive air showers above $10^{17}\,$eV by using its large Surface Detector (SD) array. Data from the Observatory have been used to set some of the most stringent upper limits to the neutrino flux in the ultra-high energy (UHE) range. The data have also been used for follow-up detection of transient events in the...
The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is an ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrino detector at the South Pole, designed to search for radio pulses emitted by neutrino-initiated particle showers in ice. ARA consists of an array of five autonomous stations with 2 km spacing. Each station consists of 16 radio antennas embedded ~200 m deep in the ice that are sensitive to either vertically- or...
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a multi-purpose next-generation neutrino experiment aiming to start its operation in 2027.
The Hyper-K water Cherenkov detector consists of a two-layered cylindrical ultra-pure water tank with a height (diameter) of 64 (71) meters. The inner detector will be equipped with twenty thousand twenty-inch photomultipliers and 800 multi-PMT modules. These sensors detect...
We present a measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current (CC) cross section using atmospheric neutrinos observed in Super-Kamiokande (SK). This analysis focuses on upward-going muons produced by muon neutrinos interacting in the rock beneath the detector, providing a clean sample with minimal cosmic muon contamination. The primary energy range extends to 5 TeV, covering a blind spot...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a state-of-the-art neutrino physics experiment located in South China. With 20 ktons of ultra-pure Liquid Scintillator (LS), JUNO aims to achieve groundbreaking measurements, including the determination of Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) and the precise measurement of three neutrino oscillation parameters with sub-percent precision. The JUNO...
The ANTARES detector was the first neutrino telescope in seawater, operating successfully from 2006 to 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea. All challenges related to the operation in the deep sea were accurately addressed by the collaboration. Deployment and connection operations have become smoother over time; data taking and constant re-calibration of the detector due to the variable environmental...
The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2007 to early 2022 at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, with the primary goal of detecting neutrinos from astrophysical sources. Among these, variable and transient sources are particularly promising, as the timing of neutrino arrivals provides an additional distinguishing feature between signal and background, complementing energy and spatial...
The observation of Galactic neutrinos, confirmed by IceCube in 2023, marks a major milestone in astroparticle physics. Underwater detectors like ANTARES, with superior angular resolution compared to IceCube DNN in their published results, provide a unique opportunity to refine our understanding of hadronic processes occurring in the Milky Way. By testing and fitting different phenomenological...
The Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope is a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino
detector being constructed in Lake Baikal. Presently the detector array
consists of 13 sub-arrays (clusters), including in total 114 strings
holding 4104 optical modules. The telescope's sensitive volume for
high-energy cascade detection has reached 0.6 km^3. In this report we
discuss status of the detector and present...
We report on the observation of the diffuse cosmic neutrino flux with the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope. Using cascade-like events collected by Baikal-GVD in 2018โ2023, a significant excess of events over the expected atmospheric background is observed. This excess is consistent with the high-energy diffuse cosmic neutrino flux observed by IceCube. The null cosmic flux assumption is rejected...
We report on Baikal-GVD measurements of the Galactic component of the high-energy neutrino flux. Using cascade-like events with estimated energy above 200 TeV recorded by Baikal-GVD during six years since 2018, we find an excess of neutrinos from low Galactic latitudes with the chance probability of $1.4\cdot 10^{-2}$. A combined analysis of our data sample and public IceCube neutrino events...
KM3NeT/ARCA is a rapidly evolving neutrino detector in the Mediterranean Sea. The capability of the detector to measure the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux was recently demonstrated by the observation of an Ultra High Energy neutrino of astrophysical origin. In this contribution an analysis of KM3NeT/ARCA data, employing Machine learning techniques and advanced statistical methods is...
IceCube has made measurements of diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux for all flavors up to PeV scales. The high energy (TeV-PeV) IceCube cascade sample is particularly effective at selecting electron and tau neutrinos. We present the results of Single Power Law (SPL) and Broken Power Law (BPL) flux measurements based on 11 years of cascade data. From this cascade sample, we identify high...
The detection of the flavor ratio of astrophysical neutrinos provides valuable insight into the neutrino production mechanisms within astrophysical sources and serves as a powerful probe for new physics. Building on the exciting observation of seven tau neutrino candidates by the IceCube experiment in 2024, the TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), as a next-generation neutrino...
Machine learning techniques in neutrino physics have traditionally relied on simulated data, which provides access to ground-truth labels. However, the accuracy of these simulations and the discrepancies between simulated and real data remain significant concerns, particularly for large-scale neutrino telescopes that operate in complex natural media. In recent years, self-supervised learning...
The neutrinos from the core collapse SN1987A are the first extrasolar neutrinos to be ever detected and have been widely studied to infer the thermodynamical and temporal features of a supernova; however their interpretation in terms of the astrophysical properties of the explosion has been giving rise to heated debates since ever. At date, models are still under construction and simulations...
Transient sources are among the preferred candidates for the sources of high-energy neutrino emission. Intriguing examples so far include blazar flares and tidal disruption events coincident with IceCube neutrinos. Here, we report the first all-flavor, all-sky time-dependent search for neutrino sources by combining IceCube throughgoing tracks, starting tracks and cascades. Throughgoing tracks...
The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently building two neutrino detectors at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ARCA telescope is under construction off-shore Sicily, Italy, at a depth of about 3.5 km. The main goal of KM3NeT/ARCA is cosmic neutrino studies. KM3NeT/ORCA is being built off-shore Toulon, France, about 2.5 km below the sea surface. Its main physics objective is the...
The now decommissioned ARIANNA experiment, which operated in Antarctica between 2014 and 2021, demonstrated that low cost, near surface, directional radio antennas can reject thermal and anthropogenic backgrounds as sufficient levels required by future arrays of similarly constructed near surface stations of 500 stations or more, while the neutrino efficiency remains above 90%. Each ARIANNA...
KM3NeT/ARCA is a second-generation neutrino telescope currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. Its capability to collect high-quality data has been recently demonstrated by the detection of an ultra-high-energy neutrino of astrophysical origin.
Located in the Northern Hemisphere with a high duty cycle, the detector has an optimal view of the Galactic Center, primarily via...
KM3NeT/ARCA is a deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detector located 100 km off the coast of the southern tip of Sicily, Italy. When completed, the detector will instrument around one cubic kilometre of water with photodetectors to search for energetic neutrinos of cosmic origin. On February 13th 2023, a partial configuration of KM3NeT/ARCA detected the most energetic neutrino ever observed, with an...
The Radar Echo Telescope (RET) collaboration aims to detect the cosmic neutrino flux at the highest energies through the radar echo method. Radar is a detection technique that allows for determining the position, speed and direction of a macroscopic object using radio waves. In-ice neutrino interactions leave a dense ionization trail that can be detected using radar. We will discuss the very...
Gamma-ray emission from the plane of the Milky Way is understood as partly originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium. The same interaction is expected to produce a corresponding flux of neutrinos. In 2023, IceCube reported the first observation of this galactic neutrino flux, rejecting the null-hypothesis at 4.5ฯ. The analysis relied on spatial models โ based...
IceCube is a neutrino observatory located at the South Pole that uses Antarctic ice as a medium for detection of Cherenkov photons. As such, analysis of the data relies on our understanding of the properties of ice within and around the instrumented volume. Over the years we have made significant progress in understanding the glacial ice and now have a comprehensive model that covers many of...
Neutrino telescopes are at the forefront of high-energy astrophysics, offering unique insights into some of the most extreme and energetic phenomena in the Universe. The ANTARES detector, which operated for 16 years off the coast of Toulon (France) until 2022, has played a pioneering role in deep-sea neutrino observations. Building upon its legacy, the next-generation KM3NeT-ARCA observatory...
This study confronts the Standard Solar Model (SSM) with observed neutrino fluxes (pp, pep, Be7, B8, CNO) by constructing parameterized solar core models (SCMs) with variable helium/metallicity profiles and equilibrium nuclear burning assumptions for pp chains. We find key tension emerges that no SCM simultaneously satisfies all observed neutrino fluxes, notably due to core temperature-driven...
Earth-skimming tau neutrinos with energies above $\sim 10$ PeV can convert to tau leptons that decay in the atmosphere and initiate upward-going extensive air showers that generate optical Cherenkov signals. On a curtailed NASA balloon flight in May 2023, the Cherenkov telescope (CT) on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) was launched and had a...
The ANTARES telescope was a cherenkov neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea which has taken data for 15 years. KM3NeT/ARCA is an astrophysical neutrino detector currently under construction, but already taking data. We present a binned likelihood stacking framework combining the two experimental datasets: the 15 years of ANTARES and the different KM3NeT/ARCA con๏ฌgurations (6, 8, 19 and...
Neutrino oscillation tomography has the potential to complement classical geophysical and geochemical methods for probing the Earth's deep interior. This technique relies on identifying changes in neutrino oscillation patterns due to variations in the matter density and the proton-to-nucleon ratio distribution in the materials through which neutrinos pass. Consequently, open questions...
In recent years, neutrino astronomy has rapidly developed. In 2013, the IceCube collaboration announced the detection of an astrophysical neutrino flux. The origin of this flux is still largely unknown. The most promising source candidate is the close-by Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, with evidence of 4.2 sigma and a soft spectral index.
In 2022 and 2023, two 100 TeV neutrinos, respectively...
Active galactic nuclei are promising candidates for astrophysical neutrino sources, as suggested by the detection of a high-energy neutrino positionally consistent with the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 and evidence of neutrino emission from the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. Our recent studies based on the IceCube time-integrated sky maps provided evidence of a statistically significant...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a sample of high purity, primarily atmospheric, muon neutrino events over 11 years from all directions below the horizon, spanning the energy range 500 GeV to 100 TeV. While this sample was initially used for an eV-scale sterile neutrino search, its purity and spanned parameter space can also be used to perform an earth tomography. This flux of...
The Pacific-Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a new neutrino telescope that is currently under construction in the North Pacific Ocean. The future location of the detector is the Cascadia Basin, a flat 2660 m deep region of ocean off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. P-ONE will be made up of one kilometre long strings of optical instrumentation. The collaboration is currently working...
Blazars are promising targets for neutrino astronomy, as highlighted by IceCubeโs identification of TXS 0506+056 as a cosmic neutrino source candidate. High-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), a subclass of blazars, stand out due to their distinctive high-energy emission properties. Therefore, HBLs are promising candidates for the production of high-energy neutrinos. Such neutrinos could be...
KM3NeT/ARCA is a large underwater Cherenkov neutrino detector, currently under construction at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The detector geometry is optimised for the observation of TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrinos. Once completed, the detector will consist of 230 Detection Units (DUs). A Detection Unit is an 800-meter vertical line that holds 18 Digital Optical Modules, containing 31...
In this talk, we present a search strategy for neutrino-induced air showers using the Telescope Array surface detectors (TA SD), focusing on the large zenith angle region. To develop the analysis method, we used Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.ย In previous TA analyses, the MC generation method was established only for proton showers with zenith angles up to 60 degrees. Therefore, we validated and...
As of early 2025, the GRAND collaboration has three prototype arrays in operation: GRANDProto300 in China, GRAND@Nanรงay in France, and GRAND@Auger in Argentina.The GRAND@Auger prototype was established through a collaboration between the GRAND and Pierre Auger Observatories, repurposing ten Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) stations into GRAND detection units. This setup provides a unique...
KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, at 100 km off the Sicilian coast, near Capo Passero, and at about 3500 m depth.
On its final configuration, the detector will consist of a cubic kilometer volume of seawater instrumented with light detectors. Now, 33 detector units have been already deployed and are taking data. In this...
The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) is slated to fly in December of this year out of McMurdo Station in Antarctica in search of the highest energy neutrinos produced in our Universe. PUEO is designed to detect Askaryan emission, a broadband radio signal that occurs when a neutrino interacts in a dense dielectric medium like Antarctic ice. To achieve better sensitivity than...
IceCube has detected a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos, with the only two high-confidence extragalactic sources identified to-date being the accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) TXS0506+056 and NGC1068. This suggests that other SMBHs may also contribute to the observed neutrino flux. It is possible that some fraction of the IceCube neutrinos originate in time-variable SMBH...
IceCube-Gen2 is a next-generation neutrino observatory, building on IceCube's discovery of cosmic neutrinos. It will increase detection rates by an order of magnitude, probe fainter sources, and extend energy sensitivity to EeV scales with a new radio array. IceCube-Gen2 will explore cosmic particle acceleration, the origins of the highest-energy particles, and fundamental physics, all while...
The next generation neutrino telescope, IceCube-Gen2, will be sensitive to the astrophysical and cosmogenic flux of neutrinos across a broad energy range, from the TeV to the EeV scale. The planned design includes 8 cubic kilometers of ice instrumented with approximately 10,000 optical sensors, a surface array, and a radio array of antennas embedded in the ice laid out sparsely over 500 km^2....
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory issues real-time high-energy neutrino alerts and has released its first catalog (IceCat-1). However, the origin of these high-energy neutrinos remains largely unknown. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with variability are promising candidate sources. Previous studies have suggested a temporal correlation between high-energy neutrino alerts and infrared flares. In...
The KM3NeT experiment is a next-generation neutrino telescope and particle physics detector, consisting of the ORCA and ARCA detectors, organised as 3D arrays of light sensors, and immersed in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea. Identical in their design but differing in scale, ORCA aims at detecting neutrinos in the GeV-TeV range, while ARCA will focus on higher energies in the TeV-PeV...
POEMMA-Balloon with Radio (PBR) is a scaled-down version of the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) design, optimized to be flown as a payload on one of NASA's sub-orbital super pressure balloons circling over the southern oceans for a mission duration of as long as 50 days. One of the main science objectives of PBR is to follow up astrophysical event alerts in search for...
The widely anticipated outburst of recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), which is near the end of its 80-year cycle, provides an excellent opportunity to search for neutrinos from novae. Novae are an energetic class of transients, which have been studied for hundreds of years. Because many of them are located nearby, novae provide an excellent astrophysical laboratory to study...
Traditional searches for neutrino point sources have been hindered by the look-elsewhere effect. To address this, TAMBO will generate a catalog of neutrino source localizations - each localization equivalent in size to the square of TAMBOโs angular resolution. In doing so, TAMBO will have significantly reduced the available space to be searched by neutrino observatories, thus decreasing the...
Recently, IceCube has observed an excess of astrophysical neutrinos from the Galactic plane. Such a signal may indicate the presence of individual sources or a diffuse neutrino flux from the interactions of local hadronic cosmic rays. We consider the prospect of neutrino production in galactic X-ray binary systems. A model for neutrino production in the variable jets of these systems is...
To optimize the design of High Energy Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) project, we have already almost finished the development of a super large Optical Module๏ผOM๏ผwith 20 inch PMT and LED calibration module. Since 2023, we successfully deployed some prototypes in Lake Baikal and the South China sea respectively. This report will present the specific design of OM and LED module, and show...
The discovery of the first astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos by IceCube jump-started high-energy neutrino astronomy. To advance the field, we must increase the number of identified sources from a few to dozens. However, progress is currently limited by the relatively low detection rate of astrophysical neutrinos and restricted sky coverage of IceCube, the single kilometer-scale...
The detections of rare events above 5 PeV by two neutrino telescopes highlights the existence of a neutrino flux at these energies. In over a decade of data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, three events were detected and reconstructed to have energies above 5 PeV. More recently, the KM3NeT neutrino telescope announced their detection of a possible O(100 PeV) neutrino candidate. The...
On the 13th February 2023 the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope observed a track-like event compatible with a ultra-high-energy muon with an estimated energy of 120 PeV, produced by a neutrino with an even higher energy, making it the most energetic neutrino event ever detected. The reported equivalent flux suggest the possible existence of a new diffuse component. A diffuse cosmogenic flux is expected...
Neutrino telescopes play a key role in multi-messenger astrophysics, providing unique insights into the still-unclear processes in our Universe and its active sources.
With the goal of shedding light on these mysteries, the KM3NeT collaboration is deploying a deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea.
It comprehends two detectors: identical in their design but...
The KM3NeT infrastructure is constructing two Cherenkov Neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, optimised for high-energy cosmic neutrinos and located at 3450 m depth near Sicily, and ORCA, designed for neutrino oscillation studies at 2450 m depth off Toulon. Though still under construction, KM3NeT detectors are operational. An extremely-high-energy neutrino (hundreds of PeV)...
Although Cherenkov detectors of high-energy neutrinos in ice and water are often optimized to detect TeV-PeV neutrinos, they may also be sensitive to transient neutrino sources in the 1-100~GeV energy range. A wide variety of transient sources have been predicted to emit GeV neutrinos. In light of the upcoming IceCube-Upgrade, which will extend the IceCube detector's sensitivity down to a few...
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), the collapse of supermassive stars, have a significant impact on the dynamics of galaxies but their underlying mechanism is still only partially understood. These phenomena, however, produce short and extremely intense neutrino bursts, which could be used to probe the dynamics of the CCSN cores. However, such neutrinos would be detected only for CCSNe...
The origin of the remarkable ultra high energy neutrino event KM3-230213A observed with the ARCA detector is still unclear. In particular, most galactic scenarios are excluded, and a persistent isotropic source is disfavored due to the non-observation of a similar event by the IceCube detector. We show that the neutrino causing the KM3-230213A event could have been produced in the blazar PKS...
The blazar 3C 454.3 experienced a major flare in November 2010 making it the brightest $\gamma$-ray source in the sky of the Fermi-LAT. Motivated by the $3\sigma$ association of a $\gtrsim 290$ TeV muon neutrino IceCube170922A with an electromagnetic flare in TXS 0506+056 and noting that 3C 454.3 was $\sim 100$ times brighter than TXS 0506+056, we enquire what level of the neutrino flux we...
Core-collapse supernovae are of particular interest in multi-messenger astronomy due to their potential to accelerate cosmic rays and produce high-energy neutrinos. One such supernova is the recent SN2023ixf located in M101 (the Pinwheel Galaxy). It is the closest (6.4 Mpc) and brightest (B band magnitude 10.8) core-collapse supernova in nearly a decade. This supernova likely had a...
Blazars have emerged as prominent sources of high-energy neutrinos, with multiple IceCube events linked to them in recent years. A growing body of observational evidence suggests that relativistic beaming is a crucial factor in neutrino emission from these extreme astrophysical accelerators. In this work, we conduct a statistical investigation of this connection by analyzing jet geometry,...
We present preliminary results for IceCat-2, the second public catalog of IceCat Alert Tracks, which plans to build and improve upon the first release, IceCat-1. The initial catalog included all real-time alerts issued since 2016, as well as events observed by IceCube since the start of full-detector data collection in 2011 that would have triggered an alert if the program had been in place at...
Blazars are promising candidates for astrophysical neutrino sources. Multi-messenger lepto-hadronic models based on protonโphoton ($p\gamma$) interactions predict spectra that peak at high energies, whereas statistical searches often assume a power-law shape, emphasising lower energies. We investigate how these spectral assumptions impact neutrino--blazar associations by incorporating...
The detection by the KM3NeT experiment of the ultra-high-energy event KM3-230213A marks a milestone in neutrino astrophysics. With an energy estimated at ~ 220 PeV, it is the most energetic cosmic neutrino observed to date, opening the question of its astrophysical origin. Blazars, among the most powerful cosmic accelerators, have been proposed as promising sources of both astrophysical...
In our recent paper, we demonstrated that the luminosity ratios of neutrinos and unabsorbed hard X-rays from the blazars TXS 0506+056 and GB6 J1542+6129 are consistent with neutrino production in a ฮณ-ray obscured region near a central supermassive black hole. The X-ray flux appears to arise from reprocessed ฮณ-ray emission with a flux comparable to that of the neutrinos. Similar neutrinoโhard...
On February 13, 2023, the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope detected an ultra-high-energy neutrino event, KM3-230213A, with an estimated energy of approximately 220 PeV โ the most energetic neutrino ever observed. This unprecedented event marks a significant milestone in the field of astroparticle physics, offering new insights into the potential sources of these extreme astrophysical...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has detected evidence for TeV neutrinos from NGC 1068, a nearby Seyfert II galaxy. This discovery suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGN) may play a significant role as sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Interestingly, the absence of the expected TeV gamma-ray flux indicates that these gamma-rays could be effectively obscured at their production...
On February 13th, 2023, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope detected a neutrino candidate with an estimated energy in the hundreds of PeVs. We review the observation of this ultra-high-energy neutrino in light of observations above tens of PeV from the IceCube and Pierre Auger observatories. Furthermore, we discuss how the ultra-high-energy data were fit together with the IceCube measurements at lower...
IceCube recently reported evidence for TeV neutrino emission from several nearby Seyfert galaxies, with the highest significance found for NGC 1068. The absence of TeV gamma rays suggests neutrino production in the AGN corona, which is opaque to high-energy photons. Assuming stochastic proton acceleration, we model the neutrino emission of a Seyfert galaxy as a function of its intrinsic X-ray...
The detection of Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) neutrinos offers a unique opportunity to unravel the mysteries surrounding the astrophysical origins of the universeโs most energetic cosmic rays. Radio detection promises significant advantages for detecting highly inclined air showers induced by UHE neutrinos, including a larger exposure range compared to particle detectors, which is due to minimal...
We present a generalized neutrino luminosity function for protons accelerated in the coronae of supermassive black holes (SMBH) in Seyfert-like galaxies, using NGC 1068 as a benchmark. The neutrino luminosity mainly depends on the coronal x-ray luminosity and SMBH mass. Our results suggest that the cosmologically-integrated neutrino luminosity could match the extragalactic diffuse IceCube...
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) mission launched from Wanaka New Zealand on May 13 2023. The onboard Cherenkov Telescope (CT) was pointed just below Earth's horizon to conduct Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations, in order to follow up on possible sources of >10PeV neutrinos. For these observations, the earth is used as a tau-neutrino to...
The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino telescope to be deployed in the northern Pacific Ocean off the West Coast of Canada. P-ONE will observe high-energy neutrinos using an array of kilometer tall mooring lines instrumented with P-ONE Optical Modules (P-OMs) which detect Cherenkov light from neutrino-induced secondary particles within the detector...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory utilizes the Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged secondary particles produced in interactions of neutrinos with ice nucleons to detect neutrino events. โStarting eventsโ, where this interaction vertex is contained inside the detector volume, can be used to distinguish neutrinos from the dominant background of atmospheric through-going muons. We present the...
Non-jetted AGN exhibit hard X-ray emission with a power law spectrum above $\sim$2 keV, which is thought to be produced through Comptonization of soft photons by electrons and positrons (pairs) in the vicinity of the black hole. The origin and composition of this plasma source, known as the corona, is a matter open for debate.
Our study focuses on the role of relativistic protons accelerated...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole detects neutrinos from the entire sky, both of astrophysical and atmospheric origin, via the Cherenkov light emitted when these neutrinos interact in the ice, giving rise to rapidly moving charged particles. Neutrino events with vertices contained within the detector volume are useful for studying the neutrino flavor ratio, as they allow for a...
This presentation covers recent results from the joint analysis of neutrino and electromagnetic cascade emissions from neutrino-coincident tidal disruption events (TDEs), using both an isotropic wind model and relativistic jets. We discuss constraints from Fermi gamma-ray upper limits on the size of the radiation zone and on the maximum energies of accelerated cosmic rays, and the resulting...
Tidal disruption events (TDEs), where stars are captured or tidally disrupted by supermassive black holes, are potential astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos. We report the discovery of a potential neutrino flare associated with ATLAS17jrp, which occurred 19 days after the onset of the X-ray emission and lasted 56 days. The best-fit spectrum of the neutrino flare follows a power law...
PUEO (the Payload for Ultra-high Energy Observations) is an Antarctic, balloon-borne experiment that aims to detect neutrinos above EeV energies primarily by searching for Askaryan radiation sourced from particle cascades induced by interactions within the ice. At the highest energies, neutrinos predominantly undergo charged-current interactions, producing high energy charged leptons which can...
Radio detection is the most promising experimental strategy to study the extremely low flux of EeV-scale neutrinos from the cosmos. Neutrinos interacting in the polar ice sheets produce electromagnetic radiation through the Askaryan mechanism, which is detectable at long distances by radio antenna arrays embedded in the ice. While Askaryan radio emission from neutrinos has yet to be observed,...
Gravitational-wave events from mergers of compact objects, both binary black holes and mergers including at least one neutron star, are a predicted source of high-energy neutrinos. In addition to their electromagnetic counterparts, particles accelerated during the compact object coalescence may also interact to produce high-energy neutrinos. The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration sends candidate...
Atmospheric neutrinos play a dual role in particle physics: they are crucial signals for studying neutrino oscillations and serve as significant backgrounds in searches for the diffuse supernova neutrino background, proton decay, dark matter, and other rare processes. To address unresolved questions in neutrino oscillation physics and to identify rare events, precise predictions of atmospheric...
IceCube-Gen2 is a proposed neutrino observatory at the South Pole that will build on the success of IceCube and will also serve as a unique detector for cosmic-ray air showers.
Analogous to the IceTop surface array over IceCubeโs deep optical detector, IceCube-Gen2 will also feature a surface array above an optical array deep in the ice. As improvement over IceTop, the IceCube-Gen2 surface...
The radio-frequency emissions produced by particle showers on Earth, resulting from cosmic rays (CRs) and neutrinos originating from highly energetic sources, share significant similarities, enabling radio detectors initially designed for ultra-high energy neutrino (UHE-$\nu$) searches to also study CRs. The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA), an experiment currently operating within the ice at the...
We report on the search for ultra-high-energy neutrinos from the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using Surface Detector (SD) data from Phase One of the Pierre Auger Observatory (2004โ2021). A total of 570 GRBs occur within the most neutrino-sensitive field of view of the SD, considering both Earth-skimming and downward-going detection channels. For this purpose, GRB neutrino...
Neutrinos provide unambiguous evidence of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants (SNRs), as they are produced exclusively in hadronic interactions. Detecting neutrinos from a SNR would offer direct confirmation of CR proton interactions and energy distributions. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive survey of Galactic SNRs to identify the most promising hadronic candidates. For...
The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is a five-station, in-ice radio detector located at the South Pole searching for particle cascades from cosmogenic and astrophysical neutrinos with >1e17 eV of energy. Cascades in this energy regime emit radio-wavelength Askaryan radiation that can be observed by one or more ARA stations. With the recent Km3Net observation of an approximately 2e17 eV neutrino,...
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) observed a giant $\gamma$-ray bubble from the direction of the Galactic star-forming region Cygnus-X. The morphology and the energy spectrum of the bubble suggest that these $\gamma$-rays are correlated to the interactions between cosmic rays and gas clumps, indicating the expectation of an extended neutrino counterpart. Using public...
The Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) is searching for Askaryan radio signals from ultra-high-energy neutrinos ($E \ge 100\,$PeV) interacting in ice. RNO-G is currently under construction near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet with 8 stations already operational and collecting science data. The constructed observatory will consist of 35 autonomously operating stations deployed...
The centre of the Milky Way hosts the most massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen gas in our Galaxy. The inferred star formation efficiency at the Galactic Centre is however surprisingly low given the large gas reservoir. Yet the huge uncertainty in the measurement makes the comparison between observations and theories difficult. Measurements of the gas density based on different mass...
The death of massive stars is accompanied by the formation of central and accreting compact objects and the subsequent launch of relativistic jets. However, not all jets successfully drill their way out of the stellar envelope, which would result in gamma-ray emission. Unsuccessful jets, also known as choked jets, might still produce radiation at lower frequencies by dissipating the jet energy...
The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is located at Summit Station and is designed to detect Askaryan emission from ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos above 100 PeV. The detector is proposed to have 35 stations of which 8 have been built so far. Each station is made up of antennas that are buried at a depth of 100 meters with the purpose of triggering on and reconstructing...
In this contribution, a search for neutrino emission from the Central
Molecular Zone (CMZ) and the Cygnus Cocoon is presented exploiting
KM3NeT/ARCA capabilities. The CMZ extends for a few hundred par-
secs around the Galactic center, containing the massive molecular clouds
Sgr A, Sgr B, and Sgr C. The Cygnus Cocoon is a massive star-forming
region of a few hundred parsecs in the...
The origin of the diffuse TeV-PeV neutrino flux observed by IceCube is largely unknown. To help decipher its astrophysical origin, we propose an IceCube analysis that conducts follow-up searches for GeV neutrinos associated with neutrino events above 60 TeV, which are known to have a high probability to be of astrophysical origin. This effort aligns with one of IceCubeโs current priorities to...
Recent works have proposed that high-energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei can be explained by proton interactions close to the supermassive black hole, often in the corona. In the case of NGC 1068, model constraints from electromagnetic observations have come from Fermi/LAT observations in the GeV energy range. All of these models predict emission down to hard X-rays that is...
TAROGE-M comprises autonomous radio antenna arrays operating at 180--450 MHz frequencies on top of ~2.7 km-high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica, designed to detect near-horizontal ultra-high-energy (UHE) air showers with energies >0.3 EeV. The primary goal is to detect more of the so-called ANITA anomalous events โ air-shower-like events from below the horizon, which cannot be explained by tau...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic-kilometre detector embedded in the glacial ice of the South Pole, is designed to detect neutrinos across a broad energy range, from a few GeV to several PeV. This enables precise measurements of the neutrino energy spectrum, comprising the diffuse astrophysical flux, the conventional atmospheric flux from pion and kaon decays, and the not yet detected...
KM3NeT/ORCA is a water-Cherenkov neutrino telescope currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, aimed at measuring atmospheric neutrino oscillations and determining the neutrino mass ordering. The detector consists of a three-dimensional array of detection units, each equipped with 18 digital optical modules, which house 31 photomultiplier tubes. The Cherenkov light induced by...
The identification of cosmic objects emitting high energy neutrinos provides new insights about the Universe and its active sources. The existence of cosmic neutrinos has been proven by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, however the big question of where these neutrinos originate from remains largely unanswered. The KM3NeT detector for Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) is...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has provided new insights into the high-energy universe, in particular, unveiling neutrinos from the galactic plane. However, galactic neutrino sources are still unresolved. The recent detection of multi-PeV photons by LHAASO from the Cygnus region highlights its potential as a galactic neutrino source. Additionally, LHAASO, HAWC, and HESS have reported over...
Recent measurements of astrophysical neutrinos have expanded our understanding of their nature and origin. However, very little is still known about the astrophysical $\nu/\bar{\nu}$ ratio. The only prior measurement is the recent, single Glashow event seen by IceCube. Understanding the astrophysical $\nu/\bar{\nu}$ ratio has a bearing on multiple questions, including the astrophysical...
