Cryostat Engineering for Helium Superconducting Devices

21 Nov 2023, 08:30 → 23 Nov 2023, 16:00 Europe/Zurich

593/R-010 - Salle 11 (CERN)

Guy GISTAU BAGUER, Juan Casas-Cubillos (CERN), Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR)), Vittorio Parma (CERN)

This course aims at acquiring knowledge in engineering design and construction of cryostats for accelerator superconducting devices operated with helium. It includes understanding the technical requirements and operational aspects of a cryogenic systems for helium liquefaction and refrigeration. The course is aimed at acquiring calculation tools for cryostat design and for heat transfer to helium (including superfluid).   

Target audience: engineers/scientists (and tech. engineers with relevant background)   

Pre-requisites: basic knowledge in thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics, basic knowledge on superconducting devices and related technology 

Tuesday 21 November

08:30 → 08:45 Introduction

o Course structure and aims

Speaker: Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Introduction.pdf

Introduction.pptx

08:45 → 09:45 Thermodynamics refresher

o Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic states and equilibrium
o First Principle: closed systems, open systems, internal energy, enthalpy
o Second Principle: entropy, Carnot efficiency
o Equations of state: from ideal gas to real fluids, thermodynamic diagrams

Speaker: Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR))

Talk Thermodynamics Refresher CERN.pdf

09:45 → 10:00 Coffee Break

10:00 → 13:00 Helium refrigeration, part 1

o Theory
- reminders,
- heat exchanger light theory (for specification),
- cycles.
o Technology
- compressors.

Speaker: Guy GISTAU BAGUER

0100 IHR reminders on heat exchangers 2022.pdf

0200 IHR Helium refrigeration cycles 2022.pdf

HX.xlsx

JT cycle.xlsx

13:00 → 14:00 Lunch Break

14:00 → 15:00 Helium refrigeration, part 2

o heat exchangers,
o expansion turbines.

Speaker: Guy GISTAU BAGUER

0300 IHR connexion CB to SC device 2022.pdf

0400 IHR Technology of components 2022.pdf

15:00 → 16:30 Visit of a CERN cryogenic installation (SM18)

compressors (with all components visible), oil removal system, cold box, transfer line, liquid buffer, cryostat)

16:30 → 16:45 Coffee Break

16:45 → 17:45 Cryostats for SC devices, part 1

o Introduction to cryostats for SC devices, requirements
o Examples of cryostats for SC magnets and SCRF cavities

Speaker: Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Cryostats part 1.pdf

Cryostats part 1.pptx

Wednesday 22 November

08:30 → 10:30 Cryostats for SC devices, part 2

o Mechanical design and construction of cryostats. Materials for cryostats and their properties. Supporting systems, pressure vessels, codes, and norms
o Heat transfer mechanisms at cryogenic temperatures: conduction, radiation, convection. Thermal design and engineering solutions (thermal shielding, heat intercepts, feedthroughs, etc.)
o Notions of cryogenic safety
o Calculation tools

Speaker: Vittorio Parma (CERN)

Cryostats part 2.pdf

Cryostats part 2.pptx

10:30 → 10:45 Coffee Break

10:45 → 12:45 The technology of superfluid helium

o Introduction to superfluid helium: discovery of superfluidity, basic theoretical frameworks, two-fluid model
o Superfluid helium as a technical coolant: benefits of He II cooling for SC magnets and cavities, pressurized vs. saturated He II, fluid properties
o Practical cooling schemes: Roubeau & Claudet baths, conduction cooling, convective heat transport, LHC two-phase scheme
o Refrigeration below 2 K: challenges, efficiency
o Specific technology for He II systems: subcooling heat exchangers, leatightness
o Applications

Speaker: Philippe Lebrun (European Scientific Institute (FR))

HELIUM AT 16.4 mbar.pdf

HELIUM AT 1 bar.pdf

SATURATED HELIUM.pdf

Talk Superfluid Helium CERN.pdf

12:45 → 13:45 Lunch Break

13:45 → 15:45 Low temperature measurements and instrumentation

• Introduction
  o P&ID: LHC example
  o Workflow: requirement-> list candidates -> final selection
• Metrology:
• Standards
  o Absolute temperature scale
• Instrumentation:
  o Instrumentation chain
  o Measurement of temperature
  -- Type of sensors
  -- Thermal anchoring
  -- Time response
  -- External effects
  -- Catastrophic events
  -- Signal conditioning
  o Stored liquid helium or LHe level measurement
  -- Type of measurement techniques
  -- SC level setting optimum excitation conditions
  -- External effects
  o Pressure
  -- Vacuum sensors
  -- Technical pressures
  -- External effects
  o Flow
  -- Type of sensors
  -- Flow conditioning
  o Output
  -- Heaters
  • Sizing electrical cables
  • Dielectric rupture (Paschen)
  • Power density (heat transfer)
  -- Valves
  • Valve types
  • Valve actuators

Speaker: Juan Casas-Cubillos (CERN)

CryoEngineering_Instrumentation2023.pdf

CryoEngineering_Instrumentation2023.pptx

15:45 → 16:00 Coffee Break

16:00 → 18:00 Tutorial: case study, part 1

ExerciseCryoInstrumentation.docx

ExerciseCryoInstrumentation.pdf

ExerciseCryoInstrumentation.pdf

Exercises tutorial with correction.pdf

Exercises tutorial with correction.pptx

Thursday 23 November

08:30 → 10:30 Tutorial: case study, part 2 (PC Room 572-R006)

376LN.pdf

376LN.pptx

Cryostat design DT_ LD_LP.pdf

Cryostat design DT_ LD_LP.pptx

Cryostats case study correction tasks 2 and 3.pdf

Cryostats case study correction tasks 2 and 3.pptx

Cryostats case study.pdf

Cryostats case study.pptx

Cryostats case study_team_SAD.pdf

Cryostats case study_team_SAD.pptx

Last row group.pdf

Last row group.pptx

10:30 → 10:45 Coffee Break

10:45 → 12:30 Tutorial: case study, part 2 (PC Room 572-R006)

12:30 → 13:30 Lunch break

13:30 → 15:30 Presentations and discussion of case studies (PC Room 572-R-006)

15:30 → 16:00 Wrap-up and conclusions on training