Encouraging young students to study STEM subjects is an important responsibility of the scientific community. Small-scale detectors in particle physics outreach serve as an excellent gateway for discussing physics concepts. To determine the feasibility of the ITk-pix sensor for use in an outreach cosmic ray detector, a simulation has been developed with Allpix-Squared. Using the...
The top oxide/nitride passivation layer of silicon sensors is known to be sensitive to ambient humidity and the sheet resistance of the interface with the air decreases in humid environments. Planar silicon sensors are usually operated at high bias voltages which, if operated in a humid environment, can lead to charging up of the passivation surface which in turn can lead to undesirable...
Using the simulation tool Allpix squared,
the center of mass (c.m) deposition maps were simulated for a wide range of monochromatic X-ray beams irradiating Silicon and Cadmium Telluride sensors of Timepix3.
More specifically, the coupling of the diffusion and repulsion of the charge carriers inside the sensor material, following the model of Benoit et al, were simulated as an Allpix^2...
Radiation damage significantly impacts the performance of silicon tracking detectors in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments such as ATLAS and CMS, with signal reduction being the most critical effect. While adjusting sensor bias voltage and detection thresholds can help mitigate these effects, generating simulated data that accurately mirrors the performance evolution with the accumulation...
One of the aspects of the DESY Tangerine Project involves developing monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS), which have been produced using 65 nm CMOS imaging technology and small collection electrodes. As a result, accurate simulations have shown to be crucial in assessing and predicting sensor performance, resulting in enhanced performance designs.
A simulation strategy that uses...
Monolithic CMOS sensors integrate the sensing volume and the processing electronics in the same silicon die, leading to complex structures with hundreds of small size features per pixel (sensor diode, transistors, metal wires...). In addition, the electric field in such sensors cannot be accurately expressed analytically as it is highly dependent on the shape and concentration of doping...
The current Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment is to be replaced with the all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) to satisfy more demanding performance requirements during the High-Luminosity LHC runs. The performance of ATLAS ITk strip module prototypes has been extensively evaluated using high-energy particle beams and, complementary to the measurements, full simulations of the experimental...
In high-energy physics, there is a need to investigate silicon sensor concepts that offer large-area coverage and cost-efficiency.
Sensors based on the CMOS imaging technologies present an alternative silicon sensor concept for particle tracking detectors. As this technology is a standard- ised industry process, it can provide a lower sensor production cost and access to fast and large-scale...
The optimisation of the charge collection behaviour in the sensitive region of CMOS sensors with nonlinear electric fields requires precise simulations, and this can be achieved by a combination of finite-element electrostatic field simulations and Monte Carlo methods.
This talk aims to demonstrate that by making basic assumptions and performing simulations based on the fundamental...
Abstract for Allpix2
During long shutdown 4 of the LHC, there will be an upgrade to the LHCb tracking systems to allow the experiment to operate at higher luminosities ($1.5\times10^{34}cm^{−2}s^{−1}$). The downstream tracker, known as the Mighty Tracker, is made up of two different detection mediums: scintillating fibres and monolithic CMOS sensors called MightyPix. The MightyPix design...
We have been validating the implementation of the diamond as a sensor material in Allpix Squared using the TCT approach. The transient current technique (TCT) is a powerful technique for investigating the charge carrier properties of a sensor material. Low field mobility parameters were extracted from the RD42 test beam data. TCT signals were simulated both for single and polycrystalline...
Unlike traditional planar sensors in which different types of electrodes reside on the surfaces of the wafer, 3D sensors have both types of electrodes penetrating deep into the silicon bulk. This special configuration allows for the separation of the charge drift distance from the wafer's thickness, enabling 3D sensors to provide high temporal resolution and strong radiation hardness through...
The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), to be installed in ATLAS for the High Lumi phase in 2029, will use fast timing information to alleviate the effects of the high pile-up of Run4. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will be used to achieve precision up to 30 ps and currently an intense campaign of R&D and testing is undergoing to establish their performance. Correctly describing the...
The goal of the TANGERINE project is to develop the next generation of monolithic silicon pixel detectors using a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, which offers a higher logic density and overall lower power consumption compared to currently utilized feature sizes.
The Analogue Pixel Test Structure (APTS) are sensors designed and developed by ALICE with readout boards developed by CERN EP R&D...
electronCT is a rising project aimed at investigating the exploitation of multiple coulomb scattering of electrons in matter for tomographic imaging. One potential use case lies in the context of radiation therapy with electrons of energies in the range of 100 to 250 MeV. In this environment, the electronCT technique could be used to image the tumour with high precision just before the...
The Transient Current Technique (TCT) is a flexible laboratory characterization method for silicon sensors. By precisely injecting charges with laser pulses and analysing waveforms, produced as the deposited charge drifts in the sensor bulk, one may experimentally study different charge collection features of the sensor under test. The Allpix Squared framework offers capabilities of simulation...
Over the last few years in the OPMD group we have been experimenting with developing our own "in house" semiconductor solver. Work is still in the early stages but we currently have a drift-diffusion solver capable of handling 2D devices, and with ability to implement various mobility and generation/recombination models. The simulator is all based on open source libraries, in particular the...
