Speaker
Description
Low-mass boson dark matter particles produced after Big Bang form classical field and/or topological defects. In contrast to traditional dark matter searches, effects produced by interaction of an ordinary matter with this field and defects may be first power in the underlying interaction strength rather than the second power or higher (which appears in a traditional search for the dark matter) [1-12]. This may give a huge advantage since the dark matter interaction constant is extremely small.
Interaction between the density of the dark matter particles and ordinary matter produces both ‘slow’ cosmological evolution and oscillating variations of the fundamental constants including the fine structure constant alpha and particle masses [4]. Recent atomic dysprosium spectroscopy measurements and the primordial helium abundance data allowed us to improve on existing constraints on the quadratic interactions of the scalar dark matter with the photon, electron and light quarks by up to 15 orders of magnitude. Limits on the linear and
quadratic interactions of the dark matter with W and Z bosons have been obtained for the first time.
In addition to traditional methods to search for the variation of the fundamental constants (atomic clocks, quasar spectra, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, etc) we discuss variations in phase shifts produced in laser/maser interferometers (such as giant LIGO, Virgo, GEO600 and TAMA300, and the table-top silicon cavity and sapphire interferometers) [5,6], changes in pulsar rotational frequencies (which may have been observed already
in pulsar glitches), non-gravitational lensing of cosmic radiation and the time-delay of pulsar signals [4].
Other effects of dark matter and dark energy include apparent violation of the fundamental symmetries: oscillating or transient atomic electric dipole moments, precession of electron and nuclear spins about the direction of Earth’s
motion through an axion condensate (the axion wind effect), and axion-mediated spin-gravity couplings [8-10], violation of Lorentz symmetry and Einstein equivalence principle [11,12].
Finally, we explore a possibility to explain the DAMA collaboration claim of dark matter detection by the dark matter scattering on electrons. We have shown that the electron relativistic effects increase the ionization differential cross section up to 3 orders of magnitude [13,14].
[1] M. Pospelov, S. Pustelny, M. P. Ledbetter, D. F. Jackson Kimball, W. Gawlik, and D. Budker. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 021803 (2013).
[2] A. Derevianko and M. Pospelov. Nature Physics 10, 933 (2014).
[3] P.W. Graham, S. Rajendran. Phys. Rev. D84,055013 (2011); D88,035023 (2013).
[4] Can dark matter induce cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of Nature? Y. V. Stadnik and
V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 201301 (2015).
[5] Searching for Dark Matter and Variation of Fundamental Constants with Laser and Maser Interferometry.
Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 161301 (2015).
[6] Enhanced effects of variation of the fundamental constants in laser interferometers and application to dark
matter detection, Y. V. Stadnik, V. V. Flambaum, arXiv:1511.00447
[7] Searching for Topological Defect Dark Matter via Nongravitational Signatures. Y. V. Stadnik and
V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 151301 (2014).
[8] Axion-induced effects in atoms, molecules and nuclei: Parity nonconservation, anapole moments, electric
dipole moments, and spin-gravity and spin-axion momentum couplings. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum.
Phys. Rev. D 89, 043522 (2014).
[9] Limiting P-odd Interactions of Cosmic Fields with Electrons, Protons and Neutrons. B. M. Roberts,
Y. V. Stadnik, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, N. Leefer and D. Budker. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 081601 (2014).
[10] Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules and nuclei: Concepts and calculations
for laboratory searches and extracting limits. B. M. Roberts, Y. V. Stadnik, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum,
N. Leefer and D. Budker. Phys. Rev. D 90, 096005 (2014).
[11] V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, M. Safronova, S.G. Porsev, T. Pruttivarasin, M.A. Hohensee, H. Haffner.
Nature Physics (2016), DOI:10.1038/nphys3610.
[12] Enhanced violation of the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence in atoms and nuclei, V.V. Flambaum.
arxiv: 1603.05753
[13] Ionization of atoms by slow heavy particles, including dark matter. B. M. Roberts, V. V. Flambaum, and
G. F. Gribakin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 023201 (2016).
[14] Dark matter scattering on electrons: Accurate calculations of atomic excitations and implications for DAMA signal. B.M. Roberts, V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, M. Pospelov, Y.V. Stadnik, Phys.Rev.D93,115037 (2016).
Summary
This presentation describes manifestations of Dark Matter and Variations of Fundamental Constants in Atomic and Astrophysical Phenomena. Low-mass boson dark matter particles produced after Big Bang form classical field and/or topological defects. In contrast to traditional dark matter searches, effects produced by interaction of an ordinary matter with this field and defects may be first power in the underlying interaction strength rather than the second power or higher. This may give a huge advantage. We have already improved limits on certain types of dark matter by 15 orders of magnitude and proposed new measurements in astrophysics (changes in pulsar rotational frequencies (which may have been observed already in pulsar glitches), non-gravitational lensing of cosmic radiation and the time-delay of pulsar signals), atomic clocks, giant interferometers used to detect gravitational waves (LIGO, VIRGO, LISA), table-top interferometers and atomic experiments searching for variation of the fundamental symmetries (P,T, Lorentz, Einstein equivalence principle).
We have also shown that the electron relativistic increase differential cross section for scattering of WIMP on electrons up to 3 orders of magnitude considered implications for DAMA and XENON signals.
