In high energy physics experiments, complex detector systems are widely used to harvest major physics discoveries. This talk will give an overview of the fundamental design of detectors in colliding beam experiments. The silicon detectors were used as spectrometers in fifties and later as vertexing and tracking detectors since early eighties as integral part of high energy physics experiments....
A steady advancement of measurement techniques to handle large amount of produced particles and to probe new regime of physics is of absolute necessity specifically now and beyond LHC era. Silicon-Tungten sampling calorimeter is one of the most viable option to serve the purposes of high multiplicity environments created in high energy collider experiments. A full-length calorimeter prototype...
The Compressed Baryonic Matter ( CBM ) experiment is one of the core experiments of the upcoming FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany. This fixed target heavy ion experiment, is designed to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at high net baryonic density. CBM has been designed to handle unprecedented interaction rates (10 MHz) of Au+Au collisions in an energy range of up to...
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is one of the most advanced gas detector is being used in many high energy physics experiments. In future ALICE experiment will use GEM as a readout in Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector to cope up with high collision rate (upto 50 kHz) particle production in run3. In VECC, Kolkata a 10x10 $cm^{2}$ 4-GEM detector is assembled with a gas gap...
The talk will emphasize the detector requirements for nuclear physics study using the accelerator facilities in the country. An overview of the indigenous development of gas detectors (PPAC, MWPC, Hybrid gas-Si detectors), Charged Particle Detector Array (CPDA) and Neutron Detector array at VECC and their utilisation will be presented.
Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi provides facilities for nuclear physics experiments, focused at energies around Coulomb barrier, using the Pelletron-LINAC accelerator system. The heavy-ion induced fusion and fusion-fission reactions are characterized by performing measurements such as fission mass and angular distributions, fusion cross-section and barrier distributions,...
A LaBr$_3$(Ce) scintillation detector is found to be the best among all other available scintillation detectors for timing spectroscopy work.
This has a very high light output and produces the best energy resolution ($\sim$ 4% at 662 keV). For a LaBr$_3$(Ce) detector, a glass
window PMT is found to be suitable and a much lower voltage is required compared to a BaF$_2$ detector. The timing...
Among many other Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is specially remarkable for very good spatial, temporal and energy resolution, stable high gain as well as low ion feedback. For its excellent performance, the GEMs are being adopted in many HEP experiments such as ALICE, CMS, CBM etc. ALICE has reported to upgrade the gas-amplification technology of...
The Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) are fast radiation detectors capable of operating in high luminosity environment, and offer high gain and good position resolution. Operation of gas detectors is in general often limited by secondary effects, originating from avalanche-induced photons and ions. For example, Ion Back-Flow (IBF), the issue being studied in the present work, can make a...
The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is proposed to be used as a readout for ALICE TPC upgrade in LHC experiment, at CERN [1]. The existing Multiple Wire Proportial Chamber (MWPC) will be replaced by GEM based readout which provides intrinsic ion blocking capability with out any gating grid system [2]. So a generous study involving GEM characteristics and performance is needed for its...
From the astronomical observations involving terrestrial telescopes as well as space borne observatories, such as Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to WMAP and Planck, it is inferred that more than 83% of the gravitating matter in the Universe is Dark Matter (DM). Apart from only a few experimental endeavours, it has eluded direct or indirect detection in the terrestrial experiments involving...
Nuclear Track Detectors (NTD) have been used in the detection of heavy charged
particles for many years. Their main advantage, apart from low cost and ease of use, is the existence of natural thresholds of registration, which provide a natural and easy way of suppressing the background in an experiment looking for rare events (e.g. Strangelets, Monopoles) in cosmic rays and particle...
Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) are gaseous detectors being used worldwide in high energy physics experiments for charged particle detection. MRPCs are the advanced form of RPCs. RPCs are known to have good time resolution (~1 ns). In order to get even better time resolution, MRPCs were developed. The MRPCs used in experiments are made up of glass electrodes. We have taken an attempt...
Silicon detectors are widely used in High Energy Physics Experiments for high precision tracking and reconstruction of primary and secondary vertices with good resolution. These detectors are close to the interaction points so they suffer very high fluence of particles and can be infected with radiation damage which can cause in the reduction of signal to noise ratio which is a very important...
This paper presents the latest results of performance evaluation of PCIe based DMA engines using advanced Altera Arria X FPGA for the ALICE readout card upgrade.The new card, called CRU, will read out most of the sub-detectors data, process it and store it in the server memory through DMA.The main goal of this paper is to explain the descriptors management of DMA controller such that max DMA...
The CBM experiment at FAIR aims to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. A Triple GEM Muon Chamber (MuCh) detector, built in India, will be installed in the experiment for Muon detection. The MuCh Front End Boards (FEBs) dissipate heat ~90W per sector and removal of this heat is essential for their reliable operation....
Non-accelerator experiments played a long and major role in some of the major discoveries in and development of particle physics. These traditionally included cosmic ray, nucleon decay, neutrino, double-beta decay, dark matter and magnetic monopole experiments. There is a large overlap between detectors used in non-accelerator and accelerator physics experiments. Some of the well known...
An etch pit is formed inside a Nuclear Track Detector (NTD) on chemical etching of a latent track, marking the passage of a charged particle through the detector medium. Generally, there are two well known methods which are being used while determining the charge response parameter. Here the applicability of these two methods and their suitability in different regime of stopping power S(E) is...
We report the sensitivity of Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector to the detection of TeV-PeV Gamma rays from various astrophysical sources at India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). The ICAL detector is proposed to be of 51 kton with an average magnetic field of $\sim$1.3 T. The electromagnetic showers generated by high energy gamma rays at the atmosphere will produce down going muons through...
Cosmic rays primarily composed of high energy protons and atomic nuclei interact with the earth’s atmospheric nuclei and produce pions and kaons, these particles further decay to muons, which carries bundel of information as they travel in the atmosphere such as (i) pi/k hadronic production ratio (ii) Composition of cosmic ray primaries (iii)Contribution of charmed hadrons (iv) Neutrino flux...
Scintillation detectors are widely used technique in detecting gamma rays through different fields in science and technology. Scintillation detectors are usually coupled with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) which generate electrical signals in response to light incident upon their faces. NaI(Tl) scintillation detector is simulated and the energy deposited by incoming gamma photons is obtained...
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is one of the most advanced gas detector, being used in many high energy physics experiments. In future experiments like ALICE (run3) and CBM will use GEM detector as a readout to cope up with high rate particle production. In VECC, Kolkata a 10x10 cm$^{2}$ triple GEM detector is tested with different Argon based gas mixtures (Ar/CO$_{2}$ 70:30 & 90:10)....
This paper presents the preliminary results of various configuration schemes for on-board and off board components for the new ALICE readout card.The new card, called CRU is a PCIe board based on the Altera Arria X FPGA, will configure itself as well as associated front end electronics board of most of the ALICE sub-detectors.The main aim of this paper is to explain different configuration...
The GEM is one of the Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) proposed to be used as a readout for ALICE TPC upgrade in LHC experiment, at CERN [1]. The existing Multiple Wire Proportial Chamber (MWPC) will be replaced by GEM based readout which provides intrinsic ion blocking capability without any gating grid system [2]. For R&D purpose we have assembled a 10cm × 10cm triple GEM detector in IOP...
We developed an ARM Cotex M-3 based 84MHz counter. This counter is having a programmable timer, which can be varied manually from a few seconds to a few hours. The designed counter presently is operating with LV TTL (0 –3.3 V) to count pulses and display in the LCD. The counter has two modes of operation, one is manual mode and other one is remote mode. In the manual mode, the scalar counts...
We have fabricated several plastic scintillator paddle detectors to build a cosmic ray trigger set up required for our R&D with particle detectors. The plastic scintillator material and photomultiplier tube are commercially procured. All other components such as Perspex light guide, coupler of light guide are made in proper dimension at Bose Institute workshop. Two such modules are built...
We have studied the variation of the gain of a triple GEM detector as a function of the relative humidity. The temperature/pressure (T/p) corrected normalized gain has been found to decrease with decrease in relative humidity. The uniformity of gain over the entire surface of the detector has also been studied measuring the anode current. The details of the measurement process and the...
A Photon Array for the Studies with Radioactive Ion and Stable beams (PARIS) is being developed for studying the high energy γ-rays from the decay of highly collective sates in atomic nuclei [1,2]. The array consists of ~ 200 phoswich element, each of which is made up of 2'' x 2'' x 2'' LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled with 2'' x 2'' x 6'' NaI(Tl) crystal followed by single PMT readout [3]. The...
Gaseous ionization detectors depend on the ionization of the gaseous media due to the passage of ionizing radiation. The primary electrons / ions are transported and amplified through the application of suitable electromagnetic configuration and, finally, registered in the form of electronic signal. They are relatively inexpensive and found applications in wide-ranging fields related to...
Simulations of propagation and interaction of electrons and ions in Gas Electron Multiplier (GMSs) [1] is performed with Garfiled++ [2] using ANSYS [3] based calculations of potential and structure of GEM stacks. Aim of the simulation study is to optimize the 4-GEM configu- rations to operate a detector in a preferred gain, resolution and ion backflow with gas mixture of Ar:CO2:70:30. The...
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany is an upcoming fixed target experiment which will perform the precision measurement of di-lepton pairs in the full mass region (low mass to charmonium) in the energy range 10 - 40 AGeV using high-intensity (∼10$^{9}$ ions/ sec) heavy-ion beams. Leptons being weakly...
The proposed ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory [1] will deploy a large number of RPCs in 150 horizontal layers interleaved with iron plates to find the muon tracks, produced in the charged-current interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with the iron. Accurate timing information from each RPC layer will help to distinguish up-going muon tracks from the down-going ones and tag...
The Compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment is one of the major scientific pillars at the future accelerator facility for anti-proton and ion research (FAIR) in GSI Germany. It is a fixed target experiment aimed to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of very high net-baryon density by colliding heavy ions in the energy range of 2-45 A GeV at an ex-
ceptionally high interaction...
