Conveners
Eco Friendy Gases
- Salvatore Buontempo (INFN Napoli (IT))
Present RPC gas mixtures are all based on the H2C2F4 molecule (tetrafluoro ethane, commercially known as Suva 134a) as the main component. This is characterized by a GWP=1400, which makes it potentially dangerous for the atmosphere. We study here new mixtures based on the H2C3F4 molecule (tetrafluoro propene, commercially known as HFO) which is expected to substitute the tetra-fluorine-ethane...
The Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers(MRPC) are used as a timing device in several collider experiments and a cosmic ray experiment. The MRPC is a gaseous detector and operates essentially with a mixture of gases. The gas mixture of MRPC at current experiments is based on the greenhouse gases (GHG) such as freon of Hydro-Fluoro-Carbon (HFC) group. The studies to reduce the amount of emission...
Content:
The Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study various aspects of the neutrino oscillation, in particular, the neutrino mass hierarchy using the matter effects independent of CP phase [1,2]. The magnetized calorimeter will be populated with an alternate array of iron plates and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) for tracking the muons...
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), used for the Muon Spectrometer of the ALICE experiment at CERN-LHC, are currently operated in maxi-avalanche mode with a low threshold value and without amplification in the front-end electronics. The gas mixture is made up of $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$, $SF_{6}$ and $iC_{4}H_{10}$. Since the first two gases have high global warming potentials (GWP), they will probably...
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a mega science project aimed at building a large underground laboratory to study the atmospheric neutrinos. INO will host a 50 kton magnetized iron calorimeter detector (ICAL) in which Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) will be the active detector elements. In ICAL, 28,800 glass RPCs of 2 m $\times$ 2 m size will be operated in the avalanche mode. The...
The Extreme Energy Events Observatory is an extended muon telescope array, covering more than 10 degrees in latitude and longitude. The 53 muon telescopes are equipped with tracking detectors based on MRPCs technology with time resolution better than 200 ps. The current MRPCs are six gas gaps detectors, 300 micron each. The chambers are filled with a mixture of 98% of tetrafluoroethane and 2%...
The work presented here is an update of the presentation given in the previous RPC workshop, aimed at finding an eco-friendly gas mixture for streamer operation of RPCs. Indeed the streamer working regime is still suitable for building large RPC systems dedicated to low rate applications, such as cosmic ray and neutrino physics.
As a completion of the gas mixture already considered, the...
Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors are widely used thanks to their excellent time resolution and low production cost. The large RPC systems at the CERN-LHC experiments are operated in avalanche mode thanks to a Freon-based gas mixture containing C2H2F4 (R134a), SF6 and iC4H10. The first two gas will be phased out from production in the near future due to their high global warming...
