The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of the active Sun provide the largest sample of detected solar flares with emission greater than 30 MeV to date. These include detections of impulsive and hours-long sustained emission coincident with GOES X-ray flares of X, M and C classes as well as very fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). Of particular interest are the detections of three...
Solar eruptive events produce flares in the corona and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Flares radiation producing particles (RPPs) are believed to be accelerated in the coronal reconnection, while the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) is assumed to occur in the CME driven shocks. However, there is considerable observations, in particular in impulsive-prompt events, indicating a...
Collisionless shocks are a ubiquitous feature in numerous different heliospheric and astrophysical plasma systems. The dynamics of particle energization in shocks span multiple length scales, from kinetic interactions at the shock front to the much larger MHD scales that are driving the shock. Simulating ion energization requires modeling all of these length scales as well as a range of...
