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MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the facile one-step hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to study the surface area and pore structure of MnO2 nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of pure phase MnO2 with orthorhombic crystal structure. FE-SEM analysis revealed the combination of massively small spherical particles with average particle size 54.8 nm. The electrochemical performance of MnO2 nanoparticles was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). The electrochemical results showed that the MnO2 nanoparticles delivered the specific capacitance of 200.83 F/g at a current density of 1A/g with the rate capability of 30% after 500 cycles charge and discharge test at a current density of 5 A/g.