Measurements of the dynamical correlations between neutral and charged kaons in central Pb-Pb collisions at √s_NN = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration display anomalous behavior relative to conventional heavy-ion collision simulators. We consider other conventional statistical models, none of which can reproduce the magnitude and centrality dependence of the correlations. The data can be...
I will present latest results within the holographic Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model for dense matter at nonzero baryon and isospin chemical potentials. In particular, I will discuss the phase structure including phases where baryonic matter and meson condensates coexist. As an application I will show that the results can be used to construct entire neutron stars, including the inhomogeneous...
One central question in nuclear astrophysics nowadays is determining the matter structure of neutron stars (NS). With the wealth of newly available and upcoming astrophysical observations, it is of most relevance to find ways to compare the characteristics of potential NS matter phase candidates with those gathered from NS observations. As part of these efforts, I will discuss how some unique...
The phase diagram of QCD is investigated by varying number of colors N_c within a Polyakov loop quark-meson chiral model. In particular, our attention is focused on the critical point(s); the critical point present for N_c=3 moves toward the mu_q-axis and disappears as soon as the number of color is increased. Yet, a distinct critical point emerges along the temperature axis for N_c=53 and...
The behavior of the nuclear equation of state (EOS), which plays a crucial role in describing the properties of neutron stars (NSs), is extensively investigated using a Bayesian approach applied to various classes of relativistic mean field models. These models encompass density-dependent meson couplings (DDH), interactions with non-linear characteristics, and the Chiral Mean Field (CMF)...
NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS is a fixed-target experiment pursuing a rich physics program. The main goal of the NA61 ion program is to explore the most interesting region of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. Within the expected (T - mu_B) interval we plan to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement and to search for the signatures of the critical point. Such a 2D scan...
Mean-field model quantum field theories of hadrons were traditionally developed to describe
cold and dense nuclear matter and are by now very well constrained
from the recent neutron star merger observations. We show that when
augmented with additional known hadrons and resonances
but not included earlier, these mean-field models can be extended beyond
its regime of applicability....
K- nunleon/nuclei interactions studies by AMADEUS at DAFNE
Experimental investigation of the strong interaction in the low-energy regime is mandatory to constrain models of the low-energy meson-baryon interaction, with implications in several fields, ranging from the search for exotic mesic nuclear bound states, to the structure of compact astrophysical objects like the neutron stars.
In...
Employing the density-dependent relativistic mean-field model, we investigate the effect of delta baryons on the radial oscillations of neutron and hyperon stars. A unified approach is employed to calculate the baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-1/2 baryonic octet and the spin-3/2 decuplet. By solving the Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem and verifying its validity, we calculate...
Present abstract is based on our recent work [1] where we use the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks to study the phase structure of isospin asymmetric matter at zero temperature. The meson degrees of freedom provide the mean field chiral- and isospin-condensates on top of which we compute the effective potential accounting for quark fluctuations at one-loop order. Using the...
By applying a relativistic mean-field description of neutron star matter with density dependent couplings, we analyse the properties of nucleonic matter with delta baryons and nucleonic matter with hyperons and delta baryons. We calculate the baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-1/2 baryonic octet and spin-3/2 decuplet in a unified approach relying on symmetry arguments such as the...
Understanding the phase structure of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is of paramount importance for nuclear and particle physics. At large densities and low temperatures, many complex phases are expected to appear. This is where the lattice sign problem is unavoidable and extrapolation methods such as Taylor expansions are out-of-bounds. Alongside colour-superconductivity, quarkyonic matter, and...
We study charge diffusion in relativistic resistive second-order dissipative magnetohydrodynamics. In this theory, charge diffusion is not simply given by the standard Navier-Stokes form of Ohm’s law, but by an evolution equation which ensures causality and stability. This, in turn, leads to transient effects in the charge-diffusion current, the nature of which depends on the particular values...
The discovery of flow-like azimuthal correlations in pA and high-multiplicity pp collisions raises profound questions about the onset of collective flow and its relation to hydrodynamics. We seek independent experimental information on the degree of thermalization in order to identify those hydrodynamic collision systems in which flow is sensitive to equilibrium QCD properties. We aim to...
Strongly-coupled gauge theories with fermions and/or scalars in mixed representations are endowed with a wealth of intricate phase structures. In this talk, I discuss the faithful global symmetries and 't Hooft anomalies of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) with matter in the fundamental-adjoint mixed representation. Then, I show how one can utilize the anomalies and effective field theory...
In this presentation I will unveil our initial findings on $D$-meson / light-meson femtoscopy. Our analysis employs unitarized effective hadron interactions derived from an off-shell $T$-matrix calculation in a coupled-channel framework. We have obtained the correlation function of heavy-light mesons accounting for Coulomb interaction in the relevant channels, and have analyzed the impact of...
The QCD phase diagram at large chemical potential is largely uncharted territory. Based on model studies, there are various phases that could occur in this regime. Among them are phases related to spatial modulations, such as inhomogeneous/crystalline phases, liquid crystals or a quantum pion liquid. A common feature of all these phases is that particles can have a moat dispersion, where the...
Compact stars are the most exotic and dense laboratories in the Universe to test the properties of strongly interacting matter. Understanding the complex phenomena observed in neutron and hybrid stars requires profound knowledge in a wide range of scientific disciplines. In addition to the experimental data on nuclear and hadron matter, the realistic equation of state (EoS) should be...
We present a novel deep learning approach to optimize the equation of state (EoS) for probing neutron star observables. By leveraging an automatic differentiation framework, our method solves inverse problems and achieves accurate EoS optimization. Through training a neural network on a comprehensive dataset, we develop a predictive EoS model that yields precise relationships between pressure,...
Sagnik Chatterjee, IISER Bhopal
The matter at Neutron star (NS) cores are at highly compressed state and
due to gravity, the density can be built up to a few times the nuclear
saturation density. They are very compact and have been observationally
identified with pulsars with their mass being in the range from 0.7 - 3 solar
masses and a radius between 10-15 km. They are therefore one of...
We present the first non-perturbative calculation on the lattice of the baryonic screening masses in a wide range of temperature from $1$ GeV up to $T\sim 160$ GeV. The calculation has been carried out by Monte Carlo simulations and exploits a new strategy to simulate extremely high temperatures which was recently used to compute the non-singlet mesonic screening spectrum for the first time in...
It is important to unravel the internal structure of neutron stars in astrophysics. One effective way to study the interior of neutron stars is analyzing their seismic oscillations. Recently, the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), which is a density wave propagating along magnetic fields due to the chirality of fermions, has been studied in the context of the heavy ion collision experiments.
In...
Knowing the QCD phase diagram is one of the biggest physics challenges we have nowadays.
Neutron stars are true laboratories that test extreme conditions, essential to determine the QCD phase diagram.
In their core, the density can reach $n_B \approx 3 − 8 n_s$ (where $n_s = 0.16 fm^{-3}$ is the saturation density), a range of densities where QCD is unknown.
Ab-initio calculations determine...
Evidence suggest that in the chiral limit, the QCD phase transition becomes a second order phase-transition in the $O(4)$ universality class. Since real world QCD is not too far from the chiral limit, it is thus interesting to explore the consequences for static and dynamic correlation functions. Since, in the vicinity of the critical point, the physics is governed by universal scaling...
In the chiral limit the complicated many-body dynamics around the second-order chiral phase transition of two-flavour QCD can be understood by appealing to universality. We present a novel formulation of real-time functional renormalization group that describes the stochastic hydrodynamic equations of motion for systems in the same dynamic universality class, which correspond to Model G in the...
In this talk, I will report our recent achievements based on refs. [1,2]. Below are highlights from our results.
Confinement under Imaginary Rotation
STAR Collaboration found nuclear matter rotating at $\omega \sim 10^{22}\ s^{-1}$ in heavy ion collisions. Neutron stars can also spin at $\omega \sim 10^3\ s^{-1}$. It is interesting but difficult to unravel mysteries in understanding...
Quantum Electrodynamical effects are prevalent in the complex, nonlinear dynamics of plasmas in extreme astrophysical environments (neutron stars, pulsars, black-hole accretion disks) and intense laser interaction with matter. Understanding of these systems has advanced in parallel with the development of the particle-in-cell numerical framework, where the electromagnetic fields created by...
Light nuclei can be found in core-collapse supernova matter and in binary star mergers. Their presence may impact the evolution of these systems. The presence of degrees of freedom such as hyperons, hyperclusters and Delta isobars may as well impact the composition of these systems at temperatures as high as T~50-100 MeV achieved in both supernova and binary systems.
Implicit Regularization (IReg) is a regularization scheme that works in the physical dimension of the theory and allows for the separation of the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) divergences of an amplitude. We compute the Higgs decay into gluons using an effective Higgs–Yang-Mills interaction in the limit of infinite top quark mass by using a dimension five operator. The decay rate for...
In this short talk, I will review the energy loss experienced by an energetic fermion with mass (M) traversing a hot QED/QGP plasma at finite temperature (T). These kind of computations were carried for the first time more than 30 years ago by Bjorken, were later reviewed by Braaten and Thoma and more recently by Peshier and Peigné. In those computations, the mentioned authors assumed that the...
We employ implicit regularization (IReg) in quark-antiquark decays of the Z, or of a scalar (CP-even or odd) boson at NLO, and compare with dimensional schemes to reveal subtleties involving infrared divergence cancellation and $\gamma_5$-matrix issues. Besides the absence of evanescent fields in IReg, such as $\epsilon$-scalars required in certain schemes that operate partially in the...
In this talk, I discuss results about inhomogeneous chiral phases, where in addition to chiral symmetry also translational symmetry is broken, and the related moat regimes, where non-monotonic dispersion relations appear driven by a negative wave function renormalization. These phenomena may occur in strongly-interacting matter under extreme conditions such as finite baryon density and...
Quantum Chromodynamics at high densities is likely to exhibit inhomogeneous phases. The chiral density wave is a simple ansatz for a class of such phases, and it has been extensively studied in models based on quark degrees of freedom. We are exploring the possibility of a chiral density wave in a nucleon-meson model, taking into account the contribution of the Dirac sea. We find that for...
For the exploration of the phase diagram of QCD, effective Polyakov loop theories derived from lattice QCD provide a valuable tool in the heavy quark mass regime. In practice, the evaluation of these theories is complicated by the appearance of long-range and multipoint interaction terms. On the other hand, it is well known that for theories with such kind of interactions mean field...
Initial state effects in Heavy Ion Collisions play an important role in the quark-gluon plasma formation. Moreover, recent experimental studies have shown that these initial state effects become more relevant in small collision systems where the characterization of medium formed is still an open question. We present predictions of the initial state effects on the small collision systems for...
Recently, efforts have been increased to incorporate various symmetries into the architectures of neural networks. Lattice gauge equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (L-CNNs) [1] are designed to respect local gauge symmetry, an essential component in lattice gauge theories. This makes them a promising approximator of gauge covariant functions on a lattice. In addition to local symmetries,...
A strategy that has been increasingly and successfully employed over the last few years in the design of neural network architectures is the implementation of layers that inherently respect a specific symmetry. In the context of lattice gauge theories, local symmetries are a crucial element. Lattice gauge equivariant neural networks (L-CNNs) [1] are designed to preserve such symmetries and...
We study the properties of hybrid stars containing a color superconducting quark matter phasevin their cores, which is described by the chirally symmetric formulation of the confining relativistic density functional approach. It is shown that depending on the dimensionless vector and diquark couplings of quark matter, the characteristics of the deconfinement phase transition are varied,...
The energy-momentum and spin tensors for a given theory can be replaced by alternative expressions that obey the same conservation laws for the energy, linear momentum, as well as angular momentum but, however, differ by the local redistribution of such quantities (with global energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum remaining unchanged). This arbitrariness is described in recent...
In this work we probe the QCD Anderson transition by studying spectral distributions of the massless overlap operator on gauge configurations created by the twisted mass at finite temperature collaboration (tmfT) with 2+1+1 flavors of dynamical quarks and the Iwasaki gauge action. We assess finite-size and discretization effects by considering two different lattice spacings and several...
We compute the critical exponents of the O(N) model within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach. We use recent advances which are based on the observation that the FRG flow equation can be put into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. This allows to employ well-tested hydrodynamical algorithms for its solution. In this study we work in the local potential approximation...
The phase diagram of dense matter relevant for neutron stars is typically studied with effective models. These models are nonrenormalizable and must be regularized in order to obtain finite results, leading to regularization artefacts near the cutoff. We study neutral dense matter in a three-flavour Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type model that includes a diquark interaction leading to the formation of...
We have studied the chiral and confinement-screening phase transitions in the Schwinger model at finite temperature and density using the quantum algorithm.
The theoretical exploration of the phase diagram for strongly interacting systems at finite temperature and density remains incomplete mainly due to the sign problem in the conventional Lattice Monte Carlo method.
However, quantum...
Recently, we have calculated the dilepton rate coming out of a hot and dense QCD medium under an arbitrary strength of magnetic field [1]. A considerable amount of enhancement in the rate has been observed in the presence of the magnetic field. We calculate the p_T spectra and the anisotropic flow of dileptons using a hydrodynamical model framework and the new rate [2]. Both spectra and...
Towards the equation of state of neutron stars, we present results for the zero-temperature thermodynamics of strong-interaction matter at high densities which have been obtained based on first-principles functional Renormalization Group studies. In particular, we discuss gluon vacuum polarization effects on the equation of state and the speed of sound in a (semi-)perturbative manner....
Heavy-ion collisions create an environment characterized by extremely high energy density and temperature, leading to the formation of a deconfined state of matter known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP), where quarks and gluons move freely. Recently, collective effects have also been observed in proton-proton (pp) collisions, specifically in events with a high particle production rate. To gain...
In femtoscopy, the correlations between low relative momentum particles can be linked to their emission source function and final state interaction. In a recent precision measurement of the p$\Lambda$ correlation function at the LHC, a deviation was found from the state-of-the-art chiral effective field theory model. If this discrepancy is related to the p$\Lambda$ interaction, it would have...
Determining the phase structure of nuclear and quark matter in external magnetic fields is not only of theoretical interest but also experimentally motivated by the large magnetic fields found in heavy-ion collisions and compact star physics. By including the effects of the chiral anomaly within Chiral Perturbation theory at zero-temperature and non-zero baryon chemical potential, it can be...
The impacts of various symmetry energy parameters on the properties of
neutron stars (NSs) have been recently investigated, and the outcomes are
at variance, as summarized in Table III of Phys. Rev. D 106, 063005 (2022).
We have systematically analyzed the correlations of slope and curvature
parameters of symmetry energy at the saturation density ($\rho_0=0.16
\text{fm}^{-3}$) with the...
We investigate the formation of a color superconductor in dense strong-
interaction matter as associated with the dynamical generation of a gap in
the quark excitation spectrum. To this end, we employ the Wetterich equa-
tion and solve it with numerical methods borrowed from fluid dynamics,
without making any further assumptions about the form of the effective
potential. We critically...
Experimental data on a wide range of jet observables measured in heavy ion collisions provide a rich picture of the modification of jets as perturbative probes and of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma that is formed in these collisions. However, their interpretation is often limited by the assumptions of specific quenching models, and it remains a challenge to establish...
While in field theoretical calculations, being performed in the thermodynamic limit, the volume is infinite, the heavy-ion collisions always carry the effects of finite system size. It is expected that a sufficiently small volume can affect the thermodynamics and the phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter. These effects can be studied in effective models by taking into account the...
In this talk, I will discuss recent progress in our understanding of pion and kaon condensation in dense QCD. Using chiral perturbation theory at finite isospin and strangeness density, we map out the phase diagram. We also include electromagnetic interactions. The equation of state, speed of sound, chiral and pion condensates are calculated to next-to-leading order in the low-energy...
The ALICE collaboration has delivered in recent years unprecedented precision information on the residual strong interaction for several hadron pairs in the strange quark sector. These results have been obtained by analyzing the momentum correlation of particle pairs produced in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC. In such colliding systems hadrons are emitted at relative distances of the order...
The gigantic magnetic field, $B$, is expected in the heavy-ion collision and in the neutron star cores. The phase structure under $B$ has been well investigated, but the hadron properties are not fully understood. Recently, the lattice QCD found that even neutral meson masses are significantly affected by the $B$ effects. Then, what about baryons?
In this talk, I would like to emphasize...
Fluctuations play crucial role in determining properties of the QCD equation of state and transport in heavy-ion collision experiments. Recent progress in understanding evolution of fluctuations in relativistic hydrodynamics aims at providing predictive description of the fluctuations, including their non-gaussianity. The problem of connecting the predictions of hydrodynamics with experimental...
We discuss the transverse momentum broadening of hard probes traversing an evolving glasma, which is the earliest phase of the matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The coefficient $\hat q$ is calculated using the Fokker-Planck equation, and an expansion in the proper time $\tau$ which is applied to describe the temporal evolution of the glasma. The correlators of the...
We show that in isentropic relativistic fluids the total helicity of a perfect electromagnetic fluid is conserved. The helicity conservation law can be reshaped in the form of a chiral anomaly equation.
For systems made up by massless fermions, we study how the helicity conservation law is modified in the presence of a chiral misbalance, when one has also to consider the effects of the chiral...
I present a relativistic density functional approach to color superconducting quark matter that mimics quark confinement by a fast growth of the quasiparticle self-energy in the confining region [1]. The approach is shown to be equivalent to a chiral model of quark matter with medium dependent couplings. The approach to the conformal limit at asymptotically high densities is provided by a...
Low-energy dynamics of QCD can be described by pion degrees of freedom in terms of the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). A chiral soliton lattice (CSL), an array of solitons, is the ground state due to the chiral anomaly in the presence of a magnetic field larger than a certain critical value at finite density. Here, we show in a model-independent and fully analytic manner (at the leading...
Recently, a question about how far chemical freeze-out of heavy Dark
Matter (DM) particles can be pushed down in temperature has been
raised. In this case, kinetic equilibration of heavy DM through
elastic collisions with strongly interacting Standard Model particles
such as quarks and gluons at the temperature of a few GeV could
potentially complicate the consideration. Thus, we study...
We will discuss the recent developments in perturbative QCD at zero temperature and high barionic densities notably how can we effectively resum the so-called soft, hybrid, and hard leading logarithms. We pave the way to the resummation of the next-to-leading logarithms by identifying the anomalous dimensions of the mixed sector in QCD.
By identifying {\em massive} renormalization group...
Observations of neutron stars and their mergers have opened a new avenue and motivation for studying QCD matter at very high densities. When studying neutron star mergers in particular, it is vital to understand effects of both the temperature and, for transport quantities such as the bulk viscosity, the quark masses.
Unfortunately, in loop calculations at finite density and/or temperature,...
In this work we propose a new type of hybrid star and study its properties. The quark phase is described by the MIT bag model with repulsive vector interactions and the hadron phase is described by the HLPS model, which is consistent with chiral effective field theory. In the junction of the two phases there can be a discontinuity (a ``jump'') in the energy density, which is related to the...
We present an extensive study of the three-gluon vertex in Landau-gauge using quenched lattice-QCD calculations. The main goal of this work is exploring the features of the vertex beyond the well-known symmetric and soft-gluon kinematical configurations, and extend the results for those two kinematics to the general case of three different momenta $q$, $r$ and $p$ are only restricted by the...
In the last years new and exciting data on neutron stars have been obtained by the observations of gravitational waves in merger processes, by the recent X-ray observations of NICER of the closest pulsars, by the multiple band observations of new kind of explosive events, namely the kilonova discovered in 2017. All these data show a (mild) tension among themselves: GW170817 requires a soft...
We present some results for transport coefficients in strongly interacting mattter in the light quark sector (up, down and strange) obtained with a novel regularization of the quark polarization functions using an extended version Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model which includes a 't Hooft determinant and eight quark interactions at finite temperature and chemical potential. This new regularization...
In gauge theories with fundamental matters, the Higgs and confining regimes are believed to be smoothly connected. This Higgs-confinement continuity forms the foundation of the quark-hadron continuity conjecture, which is a crossover scenario from the nuclear superfluidity phase to the color superconducting phase in dense QCD. Certain superfluid gauge theories, including dense QCD, exhibit...
I will review the progress in lattice QCD at non-zero temperature and
density, including the calculations
of the equation of state at non-zero baryon density, the nature of the
chiral transition as function of
the quark mass and quantitates related to heavy flavor probes of hot
matter. The latter includes, the
lattice calculation of the heavy quark diffusion constant, heavy...
In order to understand the puzzle of the free energy of an individual quark in QCD, we explicitly construct ensembles with quark numbers 𝑁𝑉≠0mod3, corresponding to non-zero triality in a finite subvolume 𝑉 on the lattice. We first illustrate the basic idea in an effective Polyakov-loop theory for the heavy-dense limit of QCD, and then extend the construction to full Lattice QCD, where the...
The structure of the gluonic vacuum is examined at finite temperature in lattice QCD. The topological charge density on individual Monte Carlo gauge field configurations is calculated, and an algorithm is applied to detect topological objects associated with local extrema. These objects are found to have a distribution of fractional topological charge, and the nature of this distribution...
In this talk, the anomalous transport properties of the spatially inhomogeneous phase of dense quark matter known as the Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave (MDCDW) phase will be reviewed. I will discuss several anomalous electromagnetic effects that can take place in this phase at low temperatures and intermediate baryonic densities. I will present the axion electrodynamics characterizing this...
In the view that the short wavelength response can be important in small colliding systems and at early-times of a heavy-ion collision, we investigate the response of the near-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to perturbation at non-hydrodynamic gradients. We propose a conceivable scenario under which sound mode continues to dominate the medium response in this regime. Such a scenario has...
My talk focuses on the first-order dissipative anisotropic hydrodynamic theory of a relativistic conformal uncharged fluid, which generalizes Bemfica-Disconzi-Noronha-Kovtun's (BDNK) first-order viscous fluid framework. I explain how the well-known causality problem of Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics of Landau-Lifshitz and Eckart is remedied in the BDNK approach such that the theory also maintains...
We consider the experimental data on yields of protons, strange Λ’s, and multistrange baryons (Ξ, Ω), and antibaryons production on nuclear targets, and the experimental ratios of multistrange to strange antibaryon production, at the energy region from SPS up to LHC, and compare them to the results of the Quark-Gluon String Model calculations. In the case of heavy nucleus collisions, the...
I will summarize the effort of our group to explore new phenomena showing up in external electromagnetic fields in full QCD on the lattice. In particular, I will discuss our effort of studying anomalous transport phenomena such as the chiral separation effect (CSE) as well as the modification of the topological susceptibility in external electromagnetic fields. The latter can be used to...
In high-energy heavy ion collisions, two relativistically moving nuclei collide with each other to form a hot dense matter known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Along with the QGP that is produced in the initial stage of heavy ion collisions, an intense and strong electromagnetic field is also thought to be produced, the main source of which are the spectators. Spectators are those which do not...
Abstract: At the ultrahigh densities existing in the core of neutron stars (NSs), it is expected that a phase transition from baryonic to deconfined quark matter may occur. Such a phase transition would affect the underlying equation of state (EoS) as well as the observable astrophysical properties of NSs. Comparison of EoS model predictions with astronomical data from multimessenger signals...
Femtoscopy is an important technique for studying space--time properties of emission source created in heavy-ion collisions such as spatial size, evolution time, collective flow effects, etc. In this contribution, we present the results of a femtoscopic analysis of identical charged-kaon pair correlations in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02~TeV. The results of the one- and...
Over the last decades, the theoretical picture of how hadronic jets interact with nuclear matter has been extended to account for the medium’s finite longitudinal length and expansion. However, only recently a first-principle approach has been developed that allows to couple the jet evolution to the medium flow and anisotropic structure in the dilute limit. In this talk, we will show how to...
The existence and location of the QCD critical point are objects of both experimental and theoretical studies. The comprehensive data collected by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS during a two-dimensional scan in beam momentum (13$\textit{A}$-150$\textit{A}$ GeV/$\textit{c}$) and system size ($\textit{p}$+$\textit{p}$, $\textit{p}$+Pb, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb) allows for a systematic search for...
We employ the Schwinger-Keldysh (SK) formalism to study the spin polarization in a medium induced by the metric perturbation diagrammatically. The results in the near-equilibrium limit can be used to describe the effects of hydrodynamic gradient on the polarization (e.g. shear-induced polarization). Moreover, the results obtained from SK formalism may apply to far-from-equilibrium situations...
The nature of the QCD phase transition in the chiral limit constitutes a challenging problem for lattice QCD as it is not directly simulable. Its study, however, provides constraints on the phase diagram at the physical point. Recently, the lattice chiral limit was approached by mapping out the chiral critical surface separating the first-order region from the crossover region in an enlarged...
We present a full set of the Boltzmann Equation in Diffusion Approximation (BEDA) for studying thermal equilibration and quark production in a system of quarks and gluons. With BEDA, we analyse the evolution of spatially homogeneous system initially populated bu gluons. We observe that soft partons, dominantly produced via medium-induced radiation, rapidly fill a thermal distribution with an...
