In this talk we will discuss the state of the art on our understanding of the cosmic ray physics. Emphasis will be put on energies from about 100 MeV up to TeV, with some connection also to UHECRs.
We will present the most relevant open problems in the nuclear and in the leptonic sector, and will discuss correlations and discovery potentials also in the gamma-ray sector.
The current cosmic rays measurements have reached a level high level of accuracy.
However a similar level of accuracy is not currently available for several crucial processes needed to properly model the cosmic rays propagation into the galaxy.
A new campaign of ground measurement has started to fill this gap, but more effort is needed in this direction. I will briefly review the current...
In this talk I will review some possible applications for future space experiments of new technologies developed in the last few years for highly innovative accelerator based detectors.
Astroparticle physics in space has been steadily growing during the last couple of decades testing topics ranging from CMB, General Relativity, Cosmic Rays, Gamma Rays, Dark Matter and various kind of extreme astrophysics of exotic physics. Starting from a short review of the main results achieved so far I will review directions which could be followed during the coming years, exploiting...
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy multi-detector instrument collecting astroparticle physics science data on the International Space Station (ISS) since October 2015 with excellent and continuous performance. Developed and operated by JAXA in collaboration with ASI and NASA, it investigates on the possible presence of nearby sources of high-energy electrons, while...
DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) is calorimetric detector providing unprecedented acceptance and precession for direct detection of cosmic rays in space
in the TeV - 100 TeV range. It has been in excellent operating condition since its successful launch in December 2015. A large amount
a large amount of cosmic ray data has been collected and significant results have been published on...
AMS-02 is a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer operating on the International Space Station since 19th May 2011. AMS-02 has provided precise measurements of the fluxes of individual cosmic ray species in the rigidity range from 1 GV to several TV. The excellent identification capabilities and accurate energy determination are based on a redundant, highly reliable, and flexible design that...
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics experiment on board the International Space Station (ISS) designed to accurately measure the principal and the rarest Cosmic Rays components in the rigidity range from 1 GV to several TV.
Following a long period of construction and testing, AMS was launched to the ISS and installed on May 19, 2011, and since then collects data and...
The GAPS experiment is designed to conduct a dark matter search by measuring low-energy cosmic-ray antinuclei with a novel detection approach. For the case of antiprotons, a high-statistics measurement in the unexplored low-energy range will be conducted. In contrast, not a single cosmic antideuteron has been detected by any experiment thus far. However, well-motivated theories beyond the...
The search for low energy anti-deuterons in cosmic rays allows to address fundamental physics problems testing for the presence of primordial antimatter and the nature of Dark Matter.
Anti Deuteron Helium Detector (ADHD) project is aiming to study the signature offered by a pressurized Helium calorimeter for the identification of anti-deuterons in cosmic rays.
In particular exotic atoms are...
HELIX (High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment) is a balloon-borne experiment designed to measure light cosmic-ray isotopes, including the propagation clock isotope Beryllium-10, in the energy range from 0.2 GeV/n to beyond 3 GeV/n. HELIX consists of a 1 Tesla superconducting magnet, a high-resolution gas drift chamber, a time-of-flight detector (ToF), and a ring imaging Cherenkov counter (RICH)....
The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) family of instruments are optimized to measure the relative abundances of the rare ultra-heavy Galactic cosmic rays (UHGCR) with Z ≥ 30. Observing the UHGCR places a premium on exposure that the balloon-borne SuperTIGER achieved with a large area detector (5.6 m$^{2}$) and two Antarctic flights totaling 83 days, while the smaller (~1 m$^{2}$)...
The existence of a different state of hadronic matter other than the ordinary nuclear matter, called strange quark matter (SQM), was proposed for the first time in the 1980s. This kind of hadronic matter would be composed by a roughly equivalent number of u, d, and s quarks. SQM could be stable and may constitute the true ground state of hadronic matter. Quarks could therefore be lumped...
Physics research is constantly pursuing more efficient detectors, often trying to develop complex and optimized geometries resulting in non-trivial engineering challenges. Although critical for this optimization, silicon tiles' mechanical data are hardly present in the literature. For this reason, this work focuses on silicon detectors' mechanical characterization, aiming to provide engineers...
Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) is a consolidated technology developed for particle detectors at colliders which allows for simultaneous and accurate time (<100 ps) and position (< 10 µm) resolutions with segmented Si-pixel sensors. It is a candidate technology that could enable for the first time 4D tracking (position and time) in space using LGAD Si-microstrip tracking systems. The...
Measurement of nuclear cross section are crucial for astroparticle physics, both for the development of high-accuracy models, and for the understanding of the normalization of nuclei spectra for experimental measurements. For theory the most relevent cross section of nuclei incident over H and He (principal components of the interstellar medium), while for experiments are needed cross section...
AMS-02 is a Cosmic Rays detector installed on the International Space Station in May 2011. The core of the instrument is a spectrometer made of a permanent magnet and 9 layers of silicon tracker aims to measures rigidity (momentum over charge) of the particles and the sign of their charge. In addition, it measures the specific energy loss of charged particles to determine the charge magnitude....
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is one of the Cosmic Lighthouse Program onboard China’s Space Station. HERD is designed for the direct measurement of high-energy electrons, gamma-rays and in general all the cosmic ray nuclear species. Is planned for operation starting around 2027 for about 10 years.
HERD is composed of five sub-detectors: an homogeneous, deep,...
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility has been proposed as one of several main space scientific experiments onboard the China Space Station. HERD is expected to be launched around 2027 and to be operating for at least 10 years. HERD is a China-led international space mission in collaboration with several European institutes from Italy, Switzerland and Spain. Its main...
The next generation magnetic spectrometer in space, AMS-100, is designed to have a geometrical acceptance of 100 m^2 sr and to be operated for at least ten years at the Sun–Earth Lagrange Point 2. Compared to existing experiments, it will improve the sensitivity for the observation of new phenomena in cosmic rays, and in particular in cosmic antimatter, by at least a factor of 1000. The magnet...
A new generation magnetic spectrometer in space will open the opportunity to investigate properties of high energy cosmic rays and to precisely measure the amount of the rare antimatter component in cosmic rays beyond the reach of current missions, addressing with unprecedented accuracy open frontiers in multi-messenger and cosmic ray physics such as the matter-antimatter asymmetry, the...
Flying a superconducting magnet has been the dream of many experiments and projects, both for astroparticles detectors and for radiation shielding. The show stoppers have always been, among other difficulties more manageable, the cryogenics and protection. However the recent progress of the HTS (High Temperature Superconductors) have opened a new way. In particular, REBCO (Rear Earth Barium...
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detector (HERD) is a proposed space as-
tronomy payload for the China Space Station. Its main goal is to detect charged
cosmic-rays with energies up to a few PeV and gamma-rays with energies above
100 MeV. The Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD) is a crucial component of
HERD, and it is designed to identify photons and accurately measure the charge
of...
Direct detection of high energy cosmic rays is strongly constrained by the small effective geometric factors of detectors mainly due to costs and technology of bringing big payloads in orbit. The HERD experiment, a future space experiment which will be installed on the Chinese Space Station in 2026, will take advantage of its innovative geometry and readout systems to have an effective...
Recent experiments measuring cosmic rays have shown discrepancies in the spectra among different observations. The electron spectrum in the region of hundreds of GeV and Carbon and Oxygen spectra were found to differ mostly in flux normalizations, and the discrepancies are larger than the reported experimental errors. Understanding the reasons for these differences is crucial for improving our...
Calorimetric experiments in space of the current and of the next generation measure cosmic rays directly above 10 TeV on satellites in Low Earth Orbit. A common issue of these detectors is the determination of the absolute energy scale for hadronic showers at the highest energies since there are no available facilities for detector testing with particles with energies exceeding several...
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer is a NASA-ASI Small Explorer (SMEX) mission launched on 9$^{th}$ December 2021. It is equipped with three telescopes consisting on three light X-ray mirrors and three Detector Units at their focus. They host the polarization sensitive detectors designed, developed, tested and calibrated by the INAF and INFN teams. At the present time IXPE measured...
The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) is a flagship observatory for X-ray timing, spectroscopy and polarimetry developed by an International Consortium led by the Chinese Academy of Science, with a large participation of European institutions.
Thanks to its very large collecting area, good spectral resolution and unprecedented polarimetry capabilities, eXTP will explore...
In the Soft/Medium energy X-Ray band photoelectric focal plane polarimetry resulted, with IXPE, in a break-through increase of sensitivity. Both data and models advocate for an extension to the hard X ray range. At higher energies where gas based detectors are transparent scattering polarimetry is in practice the only viable method. I discuss the difference between collimated and focal plane...
X-rays are normally detected as single-hit energy deposits at their absorption point. A different technique, combining high efficiency photon to charge converters and fine-pitch, highly granular readout matrices of low-noise pixels with integrated smart amplifiers, can effectively track the low energy electrons resulting from the photon interaction, thus revealing details of the Compton...
The present generation of space-borne gamma-ray detectors have greatly improved our understanding of many astrophysical phenomena and have opened new opportunities for the investigation of the Universe. Data from the Fermi mission have demonstrated that the extreme processes that produce gravitational waves and accelerate neutrinos and cosmic rays also produce gamma rays. Multimessenger...
The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite mission in development with a planned launch in 2027. COSI operates as a Compton telescope in the 0.2-5 MeV gamma-ray bandpass, it has an instantaneous field of view of >25%-sky, and it obtains coverage the entire sky every day. COSI provides imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry of astrophysical sources,...
The ability to observe transient events with good angular and energy resolutions is currently lacking in MeV gamma-ray astrophysics.
The Galactic Explorer with a Coded Aperture Mask Compton Telescope (“GECCO”) will provide these capabilities thanks to the innovative use of a deployable coded aperture mask in combination with a Compton telescope mode.
For effective observation of transient...
The radiation produced by gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is generated in highly relativistic jets. The nature of the central engines producing these jets, their physical composition, and the processes of energy dissipation and radiation in them, are still poorly understood, more than 50 years after the discovery of GRBs. Gamma-ray polarimetry is a powerful diagnostic of the high-energy physics...
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility has been proposed as one of the main experiments on board the China Space Station. Herd is scheduled to be installed around 2027, and to operate for at least 10 years. Its main stated scientific goals are the study of the cosmic ray spectrum and composition up to the ~PeV energy range, indirect dark matter detection, and all-sky...
Dwarf galaxies have long been considered an ideal target in the search of annihilation from wimp-like dark matter particles. As has been shown by Fermi, few dwarf galaxies have shown indications of an excess at the 3-4 sigma, typically limited by the amplitude of the background, and the angular resolution of the detector. I will discuss the advantages of a pencil-like detector approach in the...
EIRSAT-1 is a 2U CubeSat which has been designed, built, and tested by an interdisciplinary team of students and staff at University College Dublin. The project is supported by the Education Office of the European Space Agency (ESA) as part of the Fly Your Satellite (FYS) programme. The flight model of the spacecraft has passed a series of stringent reviews and is now flight-ready with a...
The Crystal Eye is an innovative space based X and γ-ray future all sky monitor active from 10keV up to 30MeV, an energy range still under-explored. The full detector consists of a 40cm diameter hemisphere made by 112 pixels. It combines a wide FOV, a good sky localization capability and a large effective area, 6 times higher than Fermi-GBM at 1 MeV. Each pixel consists of two scintillating...
Gamma-ray bursts are amongst the most luminous transients in the universe, yet the processes which drive these highly energetic objects are still poorly understood. Measurement of gamma-ray polarisation, when combined with spectroscopic and temporal measurements, may be one of the keys to unlocking the mystery behind these processes and the central engine which drives them. Polarimetry...
Hard X- and gamma-ray astronomy is a crucial field for transient, nuclear, and multimessenger astrophysics. However, at energies above 80 keV imaging capabilities and sensitivity of current non-focusing instruments are very limited. To overcome these limitations, we have proposed the ASTENA mission concept, submitted to the ESA program “Voyage 2050”, that includes a wide field monitor with...
The measurement of the polarization of the high-energy emission (>100 keV) from cosmic gamma-ray sources has now become a key observational parameter for understanding the production mechanisms and the geometry of the regions involved. Therefore, a mandatory requirement for new instrumentation in this energy range will be to get high sensitivity for polarimetric measurements. For several...
HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Pathfinder is a space-borne mission based on a constellation of six nano-satellites flying in a low-Earth orbit (LEO). The 3U CubeSats, to be launched mid-2024, host miniaturized instruments with a hybrid Silicon Drift Detector/GAGG:Ce scintillator photodetector system, sensitive to X-rays and gamma-rays in a large energy band (~3 keV...
Crystal Eye is a new concept of space-based telescope for the observation of 0.1-10 MeV
photons exploiting a new detection technique, which foresees enhanced localization
capability with respect to current instruments.
This is now possible thanks to the use of new materials and sensors.
The primary scientific goal is the detection of the electromagnetic signal of extreme
phenomena in the...
Serendipitously discovered by the BATSE mission in the nineties, Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) represent the most intense and energetic natural emission of gamma rays form our planet. TGFs consist of sub-millisecond bursts of gamma rays (energy up to one hundred MeV) generated during powerful thunderstorms by lightenings (average ignition altitude of about 10 km) and are in general...
We describe the design and the expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) which is a GRBs and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission now in Phase 0 evaluation for the selection of ESA M7. XGIS is capable of covering an unprecedented wide energy band (2 keV - 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy <15 arcmin up to 150 keV...
We are going to present the prospects of the Xray-CMOS project (recently funded as Progetto di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale PRIN 2020), for the development of a TPC for large field of view X-ray polarimetry, in which no requirement is imposed to the orientation of the incoming X-ray with respect to the drift field. This could open a new window of observation on the Universe through...
When a beam of electrons/photons is aligned with the crystalline axes or planes in an oriented crystal, the probability of bremsstrahlung/pair production is strongly enhanced. This results in a shortening of the radiation length, X0, and thereby of the electromagnetic shower extent, as experimentally demonstrated recently by our team for tungsten [1] and high-Z scintillator (PWO) crystals [2]....
Future high-sensitivity observations of possible dark matter annihilation signals from dwarf galaxies will benefit from large-area (10-100 m$^2$ or greater) and high-angular resolution (~mrad) gamma ray observation. The angular resolution is necessary to further improve the signal-to-background for faint gamma signals. Large areas will allow for significant gains in candidate gamma events...
We present our study on the reconstruction of photo-electron (PE) tracks in Gas Pixel Detectors (GPDs) used for astrophysical X-ray polarimetry. The GPD exploits photo-electric effect to measure the polarization state of incident photons by reconstructing the properties of the track of emitted photo-electrons. The standard state-of-the-art algorithm developed by Imaging X-ray Polarimetry...
The Antarctic Demonstrator for the Advanced Particle-astrophysics Telescope (ADAPT) is a project to build a prototype telescope to detect low energy astrophysical gamma rays in the MeV energy range. The instrument will consist of four layers of a scintillating fiber tracker plus an active converter tracker made of CsI scintillating crystals read out by wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. Both...
CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a sophisticated multi-channel space observatory. The main scientific objectives of the missions are: the extension of Cosmic Ray measurements at low energy, the investigation of perturbations in the ionosphere/magnetosphere caused by natural sources or anthropic emitters and the study of solar-terrestrial interactions.
The first satellite...
We present the acquisition and trigger system for the HEPD-02 calorimeter that will be used onboard the CSES-02 satellite for the CSES/Limadou mission.
This mission arises from the collaboration between the Chinese Space Agency (CNSA) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and foresees the first constellation of satellites which will monitor ionospheric parameters that could be related to...
Hybrid pixel detectors (HPD) of Timepix [1,2] technology have become increasingly interesting for space applications. While up to date, common space radiation monitors rely on silicon diodes, achieving particle (mainly electron and proton) separation by pulse-height analysis, detector stacking, shielding or electron removal by a magnetic field, the key advantage of HPDs is that, in addition to...
The Penetrating Particle Analyzer (PAN) is an instrument conceived to precisely measure the flux, composition and arrival direction of highly penetrating particles in space of energy ranging from 100 MeV/n to 20 GeV/n. Precise measurements of their energy spectra and composition are of great interest to study Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays, to characterise SEPs, as well as the radiation...
The Radiation Environment Monitor for Energetic Cosmic rays (REMEC) is one of the missions selected by ESA in the frame of Czech ambitious missions programme to conduct phase 0, A, B studies of missions built and operated by Czech companies and research organizations. REMEC is a microsatellite proposed to be placed outside of Earth’s magnetosphere in Sun-Earth L2 point where it will precisely...
The detector systems required to study the radiation environment in a space habitat share several features with detector technologies used in the studies of cosmic radiation. However, being the properties of radiation fields inside space habitats different than those in open space, space habitat radiation monitoring instruments require different optimization strategies.
The major...
Space Weather investigations mainly focus on the Sun’s activity and solar-terrestrial relationships. However, ionospheric perturbations are also observed during periods of absent solar activity. Galactic magnetar flaring and gamma-ray bursts are observed to be at the origin of these ionospheric disturbances. We discuss the possible applications for high-energy astrophysics of a hydrogenated...
NUSES is a new space mission aiming to test innovative observational and technological approaches related to the study of low energy cosmic and gamma rays, high energy astrophysical neutrinos, Sun-Earth environment, Space weather and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling (MILC). The satellite will host two payloads: Terzina and Zirè.
While Terzina will focus on space based detection...
Two scientific payloads will be hosted onboard the NUSES space mission: Terzina and Zirè.
Terzina will be an optical telescope readout by SiPM arrays, for the detection and study of Cerenkov light emitted by Extensive Air Showers generated by high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos in the atmosphere.
Zirè will focus on the detection of protons and electrons up to few hundred MeV and to 0.1-10...
Utra high energy cosmic rays are the highest energy subatomic particles known to exist. Very high energy neutrinos also carry information about the most extreme environments in the universe, and being neutral point, back to their creation point. The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon II (EUSO-SPB2) has been built to PeV energy neutrinos from steady-state and...
HardPix is a miniature radiation monitor based on the Timepix3 sensor and developed for space application by the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague (IEAP CTU). Its low volume (<0.1 U), mass (<150 g), power consumption (~2 W) and cost make it ideal even for small cubesats and networks of space weather monitoring satellites. Thanks to the built-in...
NUSES is a low Earth orbit pathfinder satellite for innovative particle detectors dedicated to the study of cosmic radiation, astrophysical neutrinos, Sun-Earth environment, space weather and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling. The satellite will host two instruments: Terzina and Zirè. While Terzina will focus on space based detection of ultra high energy extensive air showers, Zirè...
The International Space Station (ISS) orbits in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and is continuously occupied by astronauts.
With an average altitude of $400\ \mathrm{km}$, the Station is shielded from cosmic radiation by the residual atmosphere and the geomagnetic field.
However, that protection is not always complete.
The solar activity can emit sporadic bursts of energetic particles, with...
NUSES is a new space mission aiming to test innovative observational and technological approaches related to the study of low energy cosmic and gamma rays, high energy astrophysical neutrinos, Sun-Earth environment, Space weather and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling (MILC). The satellite will host two payloads: Terzina and Zirè. In this talk I will discuss the Terzina instrument,...
NUSES is a pathfinder satellite project containing two detectors, one Tezrina dedicated to studying Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays above 100 PeV and the Zirè focusing on the study of protons and electrons below 250 MeV and MeV gamma rays.
This work is focused on the description of the Cherenkov camera, composed of SiPMs, for the Terzina telescope.
Cherenkov light produced by Extensive Air...
The telescope Mini-EUSO is observing - since 2019 - the Earth in the ultraviolet band (290-430~nm) through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module of the International Space Station.
The instrument has a square field of view of 44$^{\circ}$, a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and a temporal sampling rate of 2.5 microseconds. The optics is composed...
Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, the Probe Of Extreme Multi- Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) observatory is designed to identify the sources of ultra- high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and measure cosmic neutrinos. In stereo extensive air shower (EAS) fluorescence mode, POEMMA will measure, the spectrum, composition, and full- sky distribution of the UHECRs with sensitivity...
The JEM-EUSO program aims to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays from space. To achieve this goal, it has realized a series of experiments installed on ground (EUSO-TA), various on stratospheric balloons (the most recent one is EUSO-SPB2) and inside the International Space Station (Mini-EUSO), in light of future missions such as K-EUSO and POEMMA.
At nighttime, they monitor the Earth’s...
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are a rapidly growing technology to equip low-power, low-material budget, high spatial resolution particle detectors. Their notable latest large-scale instalment, a 10 m2 detector made from 24 thousand sensors ("ALPIDE") in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN marks an important milestone in the maturity of the technology....
The implementation of fully-depleted monolithic active sensors on a commercial CMOS technology paves the way for the development of innovative and cost-effective solutions for photon and charge particle detection.
The INFN ARCADIA Collaboration developed sensor technology, CMOS IP and scalable architectures on a 110nm technology node at LFoundry, deploying pixel and strip test structures with...
High sensitivity Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) is suitable device for direct detection in near ultraviolet (NUV) or vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). We propose NUV sensitivity enhanced MPPCs for scintillation or Cherenkov light detection.
Furthermore, we developed MPPCs array with high NUV sensitivity using through silicon via technology (TSV) to maximize the sensitive region. VUV sensitivity...
A new type of detector based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) as active material is discussed to monitor space solar flares and the evolution of large energetic proton events up to hundreds of MeV. The a-Si:H presents excellent radiation hardness and finds application in harsh radiation environments for medical purposes, particle beam characterization, and space weather science. The...
Scintillators have long been powerful tools in radiation detection, however, cannot offer a practical alternative to solid-state detectors in conventional particle telescopes applied in spaceborne measurements of solar energetic particles. The two main reasons are related to the common experience of their poor energy resolution, and technological obstacles of producing thin-film scintillators...
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are an attractive solution for scientific applications that require excellent position and time resolution. MAPS integrate both sensor matrix and readout circuitry on a single silicon wafer, making them cost-effective and efficient.
The ALPIDE sensor, initially designed for the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS2) at CERN, was the base for applications...
The astroparticle physics experiments operating in space measuring the charged cosmic rays (CCRs) include a tracker and a calorimeter to identify the incoming primary CCRs. These experiments face challenges in separating primary particles from the back-scattered particles entering the tracker from the calorimeter. The timing measurement of each hit can be used to distinguish between the...
A large area Timepix3 [1] hybrid pixel detector (262,144 pixels, pixel pitch 55 µm) was mainly developed for application in the penetrating particle analyser (PAN), i.e., a magnetic spectrometer for the measurement of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) fluxes, including their kinetic energies and to determine the GCR antimatter content in deep space [2]. The pixel detector provides an accurate...
ASTRA-64 (Adaptable Silicon sTrip Read-out Asic) is a 64-channel mixed-signal ASIC mainly designed to read-out micro-strip silicon detectors. Its first target application is the Silicon Charge Detector of the HERD facility, to be installed onboard the Chinese space station to provide tracking and complementary charge measurement.
ASTRA-64 is designed in 110nm technology and consists of two...
This paper discusses the implementation of a 64-channel ASIC designed within the Extreme Universe Space Observatory - Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) mission. The electronics is used to readout a camera plane formed of Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) where the Cherenkov signal emitted by Extensive Air Showers (EASs) is focused. The EAS signal is produced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays...
Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are intense bursts of gamma rays that originate from the mid to upper levels of thunderstorms on Earth's atmosphere. Gamma-Flash is an Italian project supported by ASI devoted to the detection of such events and to the study of their correlation with lightning and with the emission of pulses of neutrons produced by photonuclear reactions in the atmosphere...
