Speakers
Description
Unified theories such as string theory and loop quantum gravity allow the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) at the Planck Scale ($M_P \sim 10^{19}$ GeV). Using an effective field theory, this effect can be observed at low energies in terms of new interactions with a strength of $\sim 1/M_P$. These new interactions contain operators with LIV coefficients which can be CPT-violating or CPT-conserving. In this work, we study in detail how these LIV parameters modify the transition probabilities in the next-generation long-baseline experiments, DUNE and Hyper-K. We evaluate the sensitivities of these experiments in isolation and combination to constrain the off-diagonal CPT-violating ($a_{e\mu}$, $a_{e\tau}$, $a_{\mu\tau}$) and CPT-conserving ($c_{e\mu}$, $c_{e\tau}$, $c_{\mu\tau}$) LIV parameters. We derive approximate compact analytical expressions of appearance ($\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_e$) and disappearance ($\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_\mu$) probabilities in the presence of these LIV parameters to explain our numerical results. We explore the possible correlations and degeneracies between these LIV parameters and the most uncertain 3$\nu$ oscillation parameters, namely, $\theta_{23}$ and $\delta_{\rm CP}$. We find that for non-maximal values of $\theta_{23}$ ($\theta_{23}\neq45^\circ$), there exist degenerate solutions in its opposite octant for standalone DUNE and Hyper-K. These degeneracies disappear when we combine the data from DUNE and Hyper-K. In case of no-show, we place the expected upper bounds on these CPT-violating and CPT-conserving LIV parameters at 95\% C.L. using the standalone DUNE, Hyper-K, and their combination. We observe that due to its access to a longer baseline and multi-GeV neutrinos, DUNE has a better reach in probing all these LIV parameters as compared to Hyper-K. Since the terms containing the CPT-conserving LIV parameters are proportional to neutrino energy in oscillation probabilities, Hyper-K is almost insensitive to the CPT-conserving LIV parameters because it mostly deals with sub-GeV neutrinos.
