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How to study Martian winds? – the overview of aeolian landforms on Meridiani Planum

• Szymon Mol

Although Mars is the best explored planet (except Earth) in the Solar System, there are few results from direct measurements of wind parameters on the surface of Mars. However, because wind can interact with loose sediment, it is possible to infer the wind direction from observations of aeolian (wind-related) landforms. It is crucial to distinguish between landforms that show some changes with respect to the season of the year and those that do not show any activity. The former are shaped by current winds and they are called active bedforms, while the latter are related to past winds. Visible from orbit aeolian landforms on the surface of Meridiani Planum include: wind streaks (darker or brighter than surrounding terrains), coarse-grained ripple fields, and large dark dunes. Only wind streaks are active, and their orientation is usually distinct from all other mentioned landforms. It suggests that current wind patterns are different from those of the past. *The work was funded by the Anthropocene Priority Research Area budget under the program "Excellence Initiative – Research University" at the Jagiellonian University.*

Workshops: "Open, reproducible, and transparent, science – what it is and why we need it?"

• Malgorzata Lagisz (University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia)

The course introduces the basics of open research (= open science), which is an essential element of modern, collaborative, transparent, and reliable, research. In this short workshop, we will discuss problems with the current ways of doing science and uncover some of the roots of these problems. We will explore the cultural and technological shifts in the ways research has been performed and rewarded (and what needs to change). Finally, we will introduce practical strategies that enable more open, collaborative and trustworthy science. If time allows, we will also talk about why we need meta-research and how it is done.

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A brief introduction to single-molecule magnets

• Paweł Bonarek

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) form a class of chemical systems in which magnetic memory effect can be achieved at the molecular level. These materials discovered nearly 30 years ago are still delivering outstanding results. Firstly, they may be an answer to the on-growing need for high-density data storage units. On the other hand, their development provides fundamental information for emerging fields of spintronics and quantum computing. Moreover, due to weak absorption, they are an excellent platform for studying magneto-optical interactions via luminescence spectroscopy. However, as the relaxation of magnetization mechanisms are present at the atomic scale, the use of SMMs is currently limited to cryogenic temperatures. In my presentation, I will introduce to the audience the field of molecular magnetism from the perspective of lanthanide-based compounds. The talk aims to introduce the origin of SMM behavior and the related relaxation mechanisms using an idealized case, as well as briefly pass through the history up to current challenges in the field.

On The Red Dwarf - Bee Hive Correspondence

• Franciszek Ungeheuer

Over the years, researchers found that many exotic physical systems are reflected in nature. We aim to study the similarities between the low mass, main sequence stars (red dwarfs) and a hibernating bee hive. Although the sizes of those systems are different by 8 orders of magnitude, we believe that some characteristics are similar. We will introduce the topic and present some of the most basic simulations.

SHERLOCK and the Oder River disaster - using synthetic biology to detect algal blooms

• Katarzyna Urbanelis (Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland)

Prymnesium parvum, the so-called "golden algae", is an algal species responsible for the 2022 disaster in the Oder River. Despite the serious threat that it poses, the methods of its detection are still time-consuming, tedious and ineffective. As a member of a team set to participate in the 2024 iGEM competition, I will present the results of our work, leading to the development of a more accurate technique. Centred around an innovative synthetic biology tool - the SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) system - our test will make preventative monitoring of regions susceptible to algal blooms easier and more efficient.

On CP violation in K-meson and B-meson systems

• Ramkrishna Joshi (Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad)

The CPT symmetry is one of the most fundamental symmetries observed in nature. This symmetry is observed in the most basic building blocks of the universe, subatomic particles. CPT invariance forms basis of all the fundamental theories that underlie the nature. This symmetry facilitates our understanding of particles and their antiparticles. Behavior of fundamental particle interactions under CPT symmetry reveals a lot about the observational evidence of the universe that we have long gathered. However breaking of these fundamental symmetries probes new insights into matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this paper, I explore CP violation in K-meson and B-meson system. I provide an overview of the mathematical formalism of CP violation and it's physical interpretation through aid of CKM matrix. I conclude with Sakharov conditions for matter-antimatter asymmetry and their correlation to CP violation phenomenon.

Magnetochiral dichroism: what do optical activity and magnetism have in common?

• Katarzyna Rzepka

With a rapidly growing demand for new data storage devices a group of molecular materials which exhibit magnetic memory effect along with optical transparency seems to be a promising candidate. Having in mind the future applications, a reproducible method of synthesis and detailed investigation of their properties is mandatory. Magnetochiral dichroism spectroscopy (MChD) developed for the characterisation of a second order effect arising from the combination of magnetic properties and optical activity in a single compound, stands out as one of the most interesting yet still underexplored techniques. As there are no commercially available spectrometers designed for this measurement, construction of such setups requires deep understanding of the underlying phenomenon and technological issues. This appears to be even more challenging as there are only few people with extensive experience in this field and the number of already investigated compounds is scarce. All this makes MChD and synthesising the relevant chiral molecular magnets even more captivating.

Down the rabbit hole with hierarchical autoregressive neural networks

• Mateusz Winiarski (Jagiellonian University in Kraków)

Neural networks are used for many applications: from generating funny images, through helping students with their homework, to allowing scientists to handle their data. In this talk, I will explain what are neural networks, what are autoregressive neural networks, what are hierarchical neural networks, and how to combine them all to solve some $O(2^{N^3})$ problems in statistical physics using algorithms with $O(N^6)$ time complexity. This abstract was written without help of any kind of artifical intelligence.

Detector and physics simulation using heavy ion collisions at NICA-SPD

• Rishav Pandey (Larsen and Toubro Limited, India)

The space-time picture of hadron formation in high-energy collisions with nuclear targets is still poorly known. The tests of hadron formation was suggested for the 1st stage of SPD running. They will require measuring π± & p± spectra with precision better than 10%. A research has been carried out to check feasibility of such studies at SPD. In this work, C-C and Ca−Ca heavy ion collisions at COM energy of 11 AGeV were simulated using the SMASH. Firstly, the generator-level events were studied. The distribution of track multiplicities and momentum spectra of different types of charged particles were obtained. Secondly, the generated events passed through the full reconstruction using the SpdRoot framework. At this stage particles were identified using dE/dx measurement and TOF information. It allowed us to estimate charge track multiplicities in the tracking system and purities of charge particles spectra. The results on multiplicity are important to estimate occupancies in the tracking system, while the results on π± & p± spectra show that PID should be acceptable for validation of hadron formation models. This is the 1st study of moderate ion collisions for the SPD Collaboration.

Stochastic Resetting

• Bartosz Żbik

Stochastic resetting is a broad concept referring to restarting a (stochastic) process anew. It can be used to understand or optimise various problems related to first passage dynamics not only in physics but also in computer science (Monte Carlo algorithms), biology (search strategies) or chemistry (reaction kinetics). Despite the verity of systems which may be studied, processes under stochastic resetting share universal properties [1,2]. One of which is a sufficient condition under which the process ends (on average) faster than without resetting. The power of this criterion comes from the fact that it's based only on studies of a process without resetting. [1] https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.030603 [2] https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.050601

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Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes – potential inhibitors of metastasis development

• Małgorzata Brindell (Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University)

Most of the compounds tested for anticancer properties act as cytotoxic agents and vast majority of studies focus on evaluation their influence on primary tumors. However, the biggest problem in the treatment of cancer is the development of metastases. It is estimated that over 90% of deaths due to cancer are associated with metastases. Combating metastasis formation and growth is the key to successfully treating cancer and traditional growth control approaches are inadequate. It is believed that an essential precondition for successful clinical development requires targeting the correct portions of the metastatic cascade. For many years the coordinatively saturated polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes were investigated as potential anticancer agents and in vitro studies were focused on their cytotoxic activity. In our studies we have showed that in addition to cytotoxic properties Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes had an impact on cancer cell detachment, migration and adhesion as well as on endothelial cell angiogenesis.[2-4] Based on these findings we made a hypothesis that this group of ruthenium complexes might be a good candidate for searching effective anti-metastatic agents. The modification of the tumor microenvironment by ruthenium polypyridyl complexes will be discussed. Acknowledgements Financial support from the National Science Center (DEC-2016/21/B/NZ7/01081) is acknowledged.

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy as an advanced tool for studying magnetic materials

• Dominik Dzierżek (Jagiellonian University Faculty of Chemistry)

Started by Michael Faraday in 1845, the studies on numerous magneto-optical phenomena, i.e. changes in the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter provoked by the presence of a magnetic field in a material, played a key role in understanding the quantum nature of light and matter. To this day, the implementation of research techniques deeply embedded in the relationship between magnetic field and light results in advancements and broadening the understanding in many key fields including astrophysics or electronics. Furthermore, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is particularly useful in studying magnetic materials. It enables an unambiguous determination of the spin and orbital contribu-tions to the magnetic moments of specific elements.[1] This capability proves particularly valua-ble in the field of molecular magnetic materials and photomagnets, which show promise as candidates in emerging advanced technologies such as magneto-optical ultra-high density data storage. The presentation will introduce XMCD spectroscopy as a tool for studying magnetic materials and will cover its fundamentals as well as some specific applications.

Concentration of chemical elements and key substances in infusions of commercially available teas as a determinant of their quality

• Patrycja Poloczek (Faculty of Management, AGH University od Cracow)

Black tea the world's second most consumed beverage,numerous studies confirm its health-promoting effects on the human body.Its infusion contains essential macronutrients like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, which help reduce the risk of strokes, heart disease and hypertension, while also maintaining electrolyte-water balance. Caffeine boosts alertness, concentration and lowers the risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. However, excessive consumption poses risks including insomnia, increased cholesterol and potential harm to cardiovascular and digestive systems. Additionally, trace amounts of heavy metals like lead or cadmium, found in black tea may lead to kidney failure or nervous system dysfunction. The study of tea infusions of different quality was carried out in three stages: quantitative determination the content of elements and chemical compounds using the: voltammetric method, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and flame photometry. The results made it possible to evaluate the quality of the studied black tea infusions and the relationship between the price of the products and their impact on the quality, health improvement and toxicological risks of their consumption.

Evaluation of the effect of Ruxolitinib on neoplastic cells with the use of Raman imaging paired with machine learning.

• Kacper Stawoski (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is caused by an abnormal proliferation of immature B-cells or T-cells and occurs mainly in children.[1] Among various subtypes of ALL, some are characterized by the overactivation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In such cases, treatment may include JAK inhibitors e.g. ruxolitinib.[2] The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes of B-ALL cells, treated with ruxolitinib, with the use of Raman imaging paired with machine learning statistical analysis methods. We used in vitro models of B-ALL cell lines that harbor (MUTZ5) or lack JAK mutation (SEM). Spectroscopic markers of biochemical changes were defined with the use of supervised (PLS) and unsupervised (PCA) chemometric analysis methods. MUTZ5 cells treated with ruxolitinib showed an increased content of lipidic structures and proteins compared to their untreated counterparts, while no similar effect was observed for SEM cells. The „Label-free and rapid optical imaging, detection and sorting of leukemia cells” project is carried out within the Team-Net programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the EU.

Twin Paradox and Chaos

• Julia Osęka (Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego)

I would like to present a research on the twin paradox for chaotic geodesics. The phenomenon is analysed in the Einstein-Rosen class of spacetimes. The two twins start to fall freely from adjacent positions. Nevertheless, they separate due to the presence of standing gravitational waves. After some time they reunite and notice that they aged differently. The age difference is deterministic yet practically unpredictable in a sense of deterministic chaos.

Raman molecular probes: a way for image quality enhancement

• Jakub Firlej (KMPSUJ)

Raman scattering is mainly associated with label-free bioimaging, but the presence of specific measurement and experimental conditions may significantly increase the intensity of registered signals, and therefore image quality. One way to enhance the signal coming from the subcellular structure of choice is the introduction of a special probe molecule into the cell, which exhibits different oscillations from those of endogenous biomolecules. In this case, bands specific for the reporter are usually observed in the so-called silent region of the Raman spectrum. Another approach includes taking advantage of the energy transfer mechanism to enhance the signal of substances that can be normally found in the cell. Preliminary research of near field energy transfer was carried out using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). A group of dyes dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was studied. The studies focused on comparing stimulated Raman loss (SRL) values at 2766 cm$^{-1}$ and 3100 cm$^{-1}$ where DMSO does not absorb energy with the SRL signal at 2916 cm$^{-1}$ and 3001 cm$^{-1}$ where the DMSO absorption bands are located. A comparison between pure DMSO and DMSO dye solutions was made.

The recent cosmological measurements vs $f(R)$ theory

• Aleksander Lenart (Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University in Kraków)

The recent high z measurements of Quasars and Gamma-ray attenuation constrained a matter density parameter $\Omega_M$ at $0.23$ and $0.20$, respectively. Given that the low-z measurements with SNe Ia converge around $\Omega_M=0.3$, a question arises: is there a new tension in cosmology? The community is very early in this investigation, but surprisingly, a long-known model could account for such a phenomenon. The $f(R)$ gravity reconstructs both low and high-distance measurements. I will present an overview of the recent measurements and the $f(R)$ correction derivation. I will compare the traditional $\Lambda CDM$ model with the one obtained for $f(R)$ gravity.

Strategies for optical thermometry based on lanthanide single-molecule magnets

• Jakub J. Zakrzewski (Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University)

For two decades, anisotropic lanthanide(III) complexes stay at the forefront of research devoted to molecular objects called single-molecule magnets (SMMs), showing magnetic memory effect at the single-ion scale.[1] Nevertheless, the main issue to address for SMMs lies in the temperature working range, with the record held by an organometallic Dy(III) complex, operating up to 80 K.[2] As it is well established, to implement SMMs into novel devices some competitive factors have to be met,[3] we and others focused on luminescence originating from Ln(III) f-f electronic transitions, hard to achieve for classical ferromagnets. We discovered, that the optical signal in the vis or NIR emission ranges can be employed to follow the temperature of Ln(III)-based SMMs, parameter which is crucial in terms of the magnetic memory effect.[4] Here, the different strategies to achieve optical thermometers and their advantages will be presented. [1] *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2003**, *125*, 8694. [2] *Science* **2018**, *362*, *1400*. [3] *Chem. Rev.* **2013**, *113*, 5110. [4] *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2020**, *142*, 3970; *Chem. Sci.* **2021**, *12*, 730; *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2023**, *62*, e202306372.

Matrix models which counts graphs

• Mykhailo Hontarenko (Jagiellonian University)

In this talk, I will present a brief introduction to matrix models[2], which naturally arise if we work in the context of interacting QFT, as $\phi^{4}_{4}$ model, constructing graphs we make perturbation expansion, where arise graphs made of vertexes and edges [1]. The goal of talk to show how combinatoric factors of graphs and maps could be calculated using Gaussian integrals or it's generalization. Matrix models arise in different fields of Quantum gravity, string theory, and different CFT-s, and have deep geometric background. References [1] D Bessis, C Itzykson, J.B Zuber “Quantum field theory techniques in graphical enumeration”. In: Advances in Applied Mathematics 1 (1980), pp. 109– 157. doi: 10.1016/0196-8858(80)90008-1. [2] A. Zvonkin. “Matrix integrals and map enumeration: An accessible introduction”. In: Mathematical and Computer Modelling 26 (1997), pp. 281– 304. doi: 10.1016/S0895-7177(97)00210-0

Optimization of the housing of the adjustable hydrofoil mount

• Kamil Zając (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, Poland)

At AGH University in Krakow, I am part of the student organization AGH Solar Boat focuses on building Solar-powered electric hydrofoil boats. The most efficient way of increasing the lift force of a hydrofoil is by changing the angle of attack of the whole foil. To obtain it regulation is necessary. Our adjustment mechanism has large dimensions compared to the competition and poorly matched shapes which causes great resistance to the movement of the boat. To avoid that problem, designing casing with better, more hydrodynamic shapes would be an appropriate solution. After designing several CAD models, CFD research has been carried out. From the results of simulations, there were selected most required models, mounted on the mechanism.

Introduction to Electrogenetic Gene Expression Systems

• Joanna Doliwa (FAIS, JU)

The ability to convert ionic modalities to electrical signals has transformed our comprehension of biological phenomena, ranging from electromyography to recording postsynaptic potentials using the patch clamp technique. With the ongoing development of synthetic biology a variety of inducible gene expression systems have been engineered with possible applications in biosensors or inputs for genetic logic circuits. Such systems consist of a promoter and its cognate transcription factor that can either activate or repress the expression of its downstream genes in response to external stimuli like light, magnetism or osmolarity. Electrogenetic circuits transmit electronic information to engineered bacterial cells using redox molecules. The signal then controls the transcription from a simple synthetic gene circuit. The most commonly studied systems are based on the native transcriptional regulator SoxR and transcription from the PsoxS promoter which allows for a quick and scalable cell response. Furthermore, it presents with a variety of possible applications being able to induce bacterial motility and cell-to-cell communication. [1] https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5091

The 3+1 formalism for Maxwell’s equations – a concise introduction

• Paweł Doruchowski (Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland)

The 3+1 formalism is a method commonly used in numerical general relativity, based on a decomposition (foliation) of spacetime into a one-parameter family of spacelike hypersurfaces, which turns out to be possible for a wide class of spacetimes. This technique is very useful as it allows one to write equations that need to be solved (e.g. the Einstein equations) in a form convenient for computer treatment. In my talk I will briefly describe the concept of foliation on the example of electrodynamics in axisymmetric spacetimes. In particular, I will show how from the Faraday tensor one can construct the electric and magnetic fields which live on the hypersurfaces and obey Maxwell’s equations. This picture leads, when combined with the plasma part, to the famous Grad-Shafranov equation, governing magnetohydrodynamical equilibria in accretion disks around rotating black holes.

Lactoferrin: Properties and Potential for Medical Research

• Eryk Federyga (KMPS UJ, WCh, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland)

Lactoferrin is a protein that occurs in milk and other mammalian secretions. As a member of the transferrin family, it is responsible for binding and transporting iron. However, this is only a small fraction of its functions. Many other bioactivities have been identified, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and even anticancer properties. This protein is therefore extremely promising due to its multiple functions and non-toxicity. Therefore, in recent years many researchers have focused on exploring and developing potential uses of lactoferrin. The aim of this speech is to provide the role that lactoferrin plays in protecting human organism at all stages of life, its multipotentiality as well as outline application of this protein and its modifications in medicine.

Harmonic functions and their properties

• Maria Książkiewicz (Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Wydział Matematyczno-Przyrodniczy. Szkoła Nauk Ścisłych, Naukowe Koło Matematyczne Inny Wymiar)

We present harmonic functions and their basic properties such as their connection with holomorphic functions, The Mean-Value Property and The Maximum Principle. Then we will tell about practical application of these functions. This presentation is based mainly on "Harmonic Function Theory" by S. Axler, P. Bourdon and W. Ramey as well as on the lecture by M. Majchrowski in Warsaw University of Technology.

Analysis of proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells in various oxygen conditions

• Magdalena Stalicka (the Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University)

Glioblastoma, ranked among the most aggressive types of neoplasms of the central nervous system, is characterized by very high mortality rate. The understanding of such processes constitutes a key step in the development of innovative, effective strategies of treatment to improve the prognosis of this devastating condition. Three different glioma cell lines were chosen–human LN229, U87 and murine GL261 and microscopic images were taken continually during the cell growth (for the period of one week, using JuLI™ Stage Real-Time CHR). Using advanced imaging analysis, cells were automatically counted and their morphology was analyzed. The automatic collection of images during growth enabled continuous monitoring of cell proliferation and migration. In a hypoxic environment, cells exhibit a greater degree of elongation and enhanced substrate adhesion, thus categorizing them as more flattened in morphology. This analysis reveals subtle differences in the rates of cell proliferation among the examined cell lines. LN229 and U87 exhibit comparatively shorter doubling times than GL261, implying a potential for higher proliferative activity within these specific lines.

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Otwarcie ceremonii jubileuszu (po polsku)

Rozmowa o interdyscyplinarności (po polsku)

WMiI, Molecule.one brief intro: our journey on automatization of chemistry

• Stanisław Jastrzębski (Molecule.one)

Small molecule drug discovery relies on synthesizing massive amounts of chemical compounds. Currently, synthesis is slow and expensive. This puts a limit on human innovation by constraining drug hunters to the cheapest subset of the whole chemical space. However, the tides are changing due to the concurrent advances in automatization of chemistry, general robotics, and AI. Thanks to the rapidly growing ability to build massive chemistry datasets, and encoding them in robotic workflows, we face the prospect of making compounds massively cheaper and faster. In this short talk, I will introduce this problem more generally and then briefly share the journey of Molecule.one (from 2018 to now) on automating chemistry by building high-throughput laboratory and AI-based software.

Introduction to Chaos Theory in Discrete Dynamical Systems

• Konrad Ochędzan

In the 19th century, Henri Poincaré endeavored to answer King Oscar II of Sweden's question, "Is the Solar System stable?" Concurrently, Jacques Hadamard was studying the behavior of billiard balls. Both mathematicians, independently of each other, observed peculiar behaviors in the systems they were investigating. As it turns out, both gentlemen stumbled upon chaos. In my presentation, I will discuss chaos in the sense of Devaney, the most commonly used definition of chaos in discrete dynamical systems. I will specifically talk about examples of chaotic functions, as well as those that do not fully satisfy Devaney's definition. Additionally, I will mention interesting research findings that allow us to simplify this definition. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the conference, I will also highlight applications of chaos theory.

WChUJ, A chemist’s quest to understand systems biology.

• Marek Noga

Systems biology aims to describe biological processes and phenomena in the context of the whole biological system. Rapid development of sequencing techniques allowed breakthrough progress in genomics and transcriptomics and has already revolutionized our understanding of living systems. Further extending systems biology from genes and transcripts towards proteins, metabolites and metabolic processes requires different techniques, heavily relying on advancements in bioanalytical chemistry, especially mass spectrometry. In my talk I will provide a short introduction to systems biology from a chemist’s perspective and show some examples of how analytical chemistry can help answering biological questions such us growth regulation in bacteria to diagnosis of metabolic disorders in the clinical practice. I will discuss current challenges and novel approaches at the crossroads of chemistry, biology and medicine.

Uniquely oriented crystals of metal-organic frameworks

• Gabriela Kowacz

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a subclass of coordination polymers (CPs), distinguished by porosity, applicable in many areas of industry, such as catalysis, gas storage and separation, energy storage or drug delivery. MOFs crystallize in various forms, derived from the structure of the unit cell, internal forces within the structure and other factors. MOFs can form single crystals as well as more complicated structures, containing multiple single crystals oriented towards one another in a specific way, forming superstructures. Those aggregates can have one- or three-dimensional orientation, influencing some properties of the material, which allows their modification by forming superstructures. One of the 3D-oriented crystals are radially oriented crystallite rods, called spherulites. Those forms can be recognized by a distinctive Maltese cross when observed under polarized light. Spherulites are mainly formed by polymers, but recently formation of these superstructures was observed in MOF-74. In this talk, a novel isoreticular MOF-74 material forming spherulite superstructures and its potential functionalization by post-synthetic modifications will be presented.

WBBiB, Posttranslational modifications of proteins – when a tool becomes a threat

• Marta Kamińska

In humans, the nuclear genome is built of about 6 billion base pairs with protein coding elements constituting only about 1.5% of our genome. They encode about 19 to 21 thousand proteins – which is much less than one would expect considering our organismal complexity. But incredible variety is introduced at every level of protein production: from the regulation of gene expression to the processes of transcription and translation. And finally, during or post translation, additional modifications (PTMs) are made. These can alter protein function, cellular localization, or half-life, and thus are our body’s crucial tools in maintaining homeostasis. But as any tool, they might be misused, driving pathogenesis of numerous disorders. One of such modifications, carbamylation, is a non-enzymatic modification of lysines often encountered in, for example, chronic kidney disease. In this presentation I will show how carbamylation alters the regulation of renin-angiotensin system and hemostasis, hampering the functionality of blood vessels.

Time-Travelling Proteins: Unraveling Biochemical Evolution through Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction

• Marta Luterek (Jagiellonian University in Krakow)

One of the central goals in biochemistry is to reveal the relationships between sequence, structure, and function within protein systems. One way to accomplish this is through a vertical evolutionary approach using Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction (ASR). This method relies on a computational inference of an ancestral protein sequence, followed by an experimental workflow that aims to dissect the protein molecular evolution. This talk will delve into the workflow of such an analysis, highlighting its advantages and notable examples. Additionally, it will explore a specific research case, in which ASR was employed to resurrect ancestral features of a cell division system in Archea, in an effort to trace its biochemical evolution.

WB, Microbial symbionts as drivers of insects' adaptation to the changing world

• Piotr Łukasik (Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków)

Insects, the most diverse animal group on the planet, play a wide range of ecological roles essential for the functioning of ecosystems and the well-being of humans. However, this has been possible, at least partly, through the contributions of bacteria and fungi that inhabit insect bodies. We know that such microbial symbionts have enabled the emergence and evolutionary success of entire insect clades. Also, there is growing evidence that symbionts may be essential for insects' ecological and evolutionary responses to rapid environmental changes, including those that drive the current biodiversity declines. During this talk, I will explain how we can combine international fieldwork, cutting-edge sequencing technologies, and custom bioinformatics to understand these fundamental processes.

How traumatic and stressful events affect our brains?

• Gabriela Czerniak (Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology)

Stress affects both physiological and psychological processes, including brain function and memory. The hippocampus, which is pivotal for memory, is particularly vulnerable to stress. The relationship between stress, the hippocampus, and memory is complex and varies depending on the stress level. Neurobiological research focuses mainly on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of glucocorticoids in response to stress. Although acute stress can enhance cognition, chronic stress can dysregulate the HPA axis, harming the structure and function of the hippocampus. Studies investigating the effects of chronic stress have demonstrated changes in hippocampal morphology and synaptic plasticity. Chronic stress is consistently associated with dendritic atrophy, reduced spine density, and synaptic remodelling in the hippocampus, particularly in the CA1 region. It is crucial to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying stress-induced hippocampal dysfunction to develop therapeutic interventions that mitigate the cognitive consequences of chronic stress and promote resilience in vulnerable populations.

WGiG, Geography and location factors of new working spaces

• Grzegorz Micek (WGiG UJ)

Over the past few years, as a result of changes brought about by technological advances and more recently by the COVID-19 pandemic, the form and location of work provision has changed significantly. The presentation aims to deliver recent research on the spatial distribution and location factors of new workspaces (mainly coworking spaces and makerspaces) in Poland and abroad. While coworking spaces clearly relate to the settlement hierarchy and, to a greater extent, to the hierarchy of the country's economic centres, the location of makerspaces is more complex. This is due to the slightly different location factors of these two types of new workspaces. In the case of coworking spaces, good transport accessibility, the presence of accompanying amenities (cafés, restaurants, etc.) and the co-presence of creative and advanced business services companies are often emhpasized. The location factors of makerspaces are not yet fully recognised, although the role of representatives of the maker movement and local leaders is more often indicated here.

An insight into the principle of uniformitarianism

• Krzysztof Kaczmarek (Faculty of Geography and Geology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland)

"The present is a key to the past" (Charles Lyell, 1797 – 1875). Geology students learn that quote at the first lecture. It summarizes the principle of uniformitarianism, which assumes that we can reconstruct the formation of geological features and past events by observing the present processes which lead to similar results. However, that simple rule demands proper understanding as erroneously used may lead to misinterpretations of past Earth history events. My talk will be a basic introduction to the one of the fundamental assumptions used in geology. I am going to briefly outline the theory of uniformitarianism proposed by Charles Lyell in 1830. Moreover, I will explain some changes which occurred in the interpretation of that theory since 20th century when research proved that some phenomena occurred contrary to the then assumptions of the principle of uniformitarianism. As over the years some research findings seemed to be contradictory to the then interpretations, some adjustments were made to the understanding of the principle of uniformitarianism in order to explain the geological history of Earth more precisely.

WFAIS, Tidal Phenomena

• Adam Ciesielski

Gravity is a fundamental interaction that causes mutual attraction between all objects with mass. Despite being the weakest of the known fundamental forces, it is the most significant one between macroscopic objects, determining the motion of celestial bodies. While the common description assumes point-mass objects, celestial bodies such as the Earth are not. As a result, the gravitational attraction from an external body on an extended body is not uniform, which is a reason for tides. Astronomy and planetary sciences have a strong interest in the tidal deformation, disruption, or dismantling of all kinds of celestial bodies, such as planets, comets, stars, or even whole galaxies. On Earth, which is of particular interest to geophysicists, tides are primarily generated by two bodies: the Moon and the Sun. They manifest as well-known ocean tides - the rise and fall of sea levels, frequently referred to as simply "tides". These tides play a major role in shaping our climate, and they influence marine ecosystems. However, they also exist as solid Earth or crustal tides, sometimes named Earth body tides. The Earth's body deforms because it is elastic (like a ball); therefore, the repetitive smooth displacement of the solid surface - with semidiurnal amplitude even up to 50 cm - takes place all the time. These tides interrupt geodetic measurements and geophysical exploration. Both ocean tides and body tides are still not well investigated, making them difficult to predict accurately, despite the tidal force being well understood in celestial mechanics (astronomy). I will introduce you to tides and show their power in the universe. I will demonstrate what tides cause on Earth and explain in detail the complexity they bring. To sum up, the applications of tides, tidal analysis, and gravimetry will be unveiled.

Optical tweezers: a statistical approach

• Monika Rasz

Optical tweezers have emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating microscopic particles with precision and control, finding applications across various fields, such as nanotechnology and life sciences. In this talk, I will derive the statistical description of the particle dynamics inside the optical trap, as well as methods that can be used to recover trap parameters from experimental data. Alongside the mathematical description, I will present the results of Monte Carlo simulations illustrating the probabilistic nature of particle trapping and allowing for a more qualitative understanding of the discussed phenomena.

Registration

From SMP to Theories of Extreme Matter

• Michał P. Heller (Ghent University)

Table top experiments on cold atomic gases and ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC accelerators probe novel forms of matter far from equilibrium. I will describe some of my favourite result on this topic and their connections to being a SeMP between 2003 and 2007.

The reachability problem for Petri nets.

• Łukasz Kamiński (University of Warsaw)

A *Petri net* is a mathematical modeling language, which is used mainly for verification of concurrent programs, but it also can model processes in economy or even in biology and chemistry. One of the advantages is the simplicity: a Petri net consists of a set of places on which we can put tokens, and a set of transitions i.e. rules according to which we can add and remove tokens from places. The reachability problem is to decide whether for a given Petri net and two configurations one is reachable from the another. This problem was shown to be decidable (i.e. there is an algorithm that solves it) over 40 years ago, but until 2021 the exact computational complexity was not known! The reachability problem is Ackermann-complete, which means that its complexity is so huge, that it cannot be bounded by any elementary function. In my talk I will explain what is a Petri net using examples and mini tasks that I hope will be fun. Then I will define the Ackermann complexity class, convince you that it is really big, and at the end I will talk shortly about the history and open questions.

The Kakeya problem

• Izabela Mandla

Let's think about a puzzle. Take a needle (yes, the same one you normally use to sew holes in your socks) and draw a random shape on paper such that the needle fits inside. The question is: can you rotate the needle in such a way that it will not go outside of the lines at any moment? No? Try to draw another shape. Yes? That's great. Now do it again, but this time let it be smaller. The idea is to find the smallest possible shape in which this rotation would be possible. Seems hard? Because it is. But I will not say anything more now. I will cover the topic of this problem, known as the Kakeya problem, as well as its connections to harmonic analysis during my talk.

Persistent Homology - gently introduction

• Jakub Mazur

The talk will introduce the concept of homology groups in the context of data analysis. In particular, I’ll focus on presenting intuitive notions of cycles, boundaries and homology groups in simplicial complexes. Then I’ll introduce the theory of persistent homology, in particular filtration of simplicial complexes and calculating persistent birth-death diagram, followed by some examples on a simple data set.

Topological analysis of literature

• Magdalena Grabka

This talk introduces the fascinating intersection of topological data analysis (TDA) and literary studies, offering a novel perspective on understanding complex textual structures. I begin by unraveling the intuitive principles behind TDA, emphasizing its ability to capture essential features and relationships within intricate datasets. Then, I showcase how TDA techniques can be effectively applied to analyze and interpret literary texts. By constructing topological representations based on textual elements, I unveil hidden patterns that transcend traditional approaches. This interdisciplinary exploration highlights the collaborative potential between mathematics, computer science, and humanities fields.

Exactly solvable Quantum spin-1/2 models in 2D

• Ihor Sokolov (Jagiellonian University, Institute of Theoretical Physics)

Quantum spin-1/2 systems in two dimensions offer a rich and fascinating arena for theoretical and experimental exploration in condensed matter physics. In this presentation, we will delve into these quantum systems in 2D. Starting with the Kitaev model, we will discuss one of the analytical approaches to solving such models, using the Jordan-Wigner transformation and Bogoliubov rotations. Additionally, we will explore several other exactly solvable models, such as the Ising model (Onsager's solution), free fermion models, and certain limits of the Hubbard model. Through these examples, we will emphasize the crucial symmetries and integrability properties that facilitate exact solvability.

Exploring the Kelly Criterion

• Mateusz Gappa

Kelly Criterion, helps answer a crucial question: how do we decide the right amount of money to invest to maximize our profits? By looking closely at different angles of this issue, I'll point out where its assumptions might fall short in real-world financial situations. I'll also talk about the risks involved and the temptation to blindly trust this formula. Plus, I'll stress the importance of adapting to market changes and competitive pressures when using the Kelly Criterion.

Lapunov exponent, the old way of measuring the chaos

• Adam Sowiński

A system is said to be chaotic if a small change in initial conditions leads to significant differences in its evolution. Based on this definition, we can ask how to quantify this level of chaos. Given two systems, how can we determine which one exhibits greater chaos? To answer this question, we will introduce the concept of the Largest Lapunov Exponent, an idea proposed in the late 19th century by the mathematician Alexander Lapunov.

Proof of the Nielsen-Schreier Theorem via graph theory

• Michał Krysiak

The Nielsen–Schreier theorem states that a subgroup of a free group is itself a free group, giving also a formula for the number of generators of the subgroup when its index is known and finite. While the first statement sounds somewhat obvious, it is not completely straightforward to show. Moreover, the second part shows that subgroups of free groups can have arbitrarily many generators. In this talk I wish to present a non-advanced and, hopefully, intuitive proof of the above theorem.

CFD optimization of a 6-series NACA profile for a solar-powered hydrofoil race boat.

• Paweł Geras

Airfoils, an invention known since the 19th century, are among the most crucial structures discovered by humans. Besides their obvious presence in aircraft wings, airfoil profiles are also used in the design of fans, drone propellers and helicopter blades, and even in foiling motorboats. The physical principles of a wing are fundamentally simple: lift force is generated through pressure differences between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the NACA 64A-715 airfoil, which is part of the 6-digit NACA profiles. Numerical analysis was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for both 2D and 3D geometries. An iterative numerical refinement of the geometry was carried out to enhance lift force and increase lift to drag ratio, comparing the results with the original profile. Additionally, the winglets were analyzed to minimize energy losses caused by turbulent eddies. The hydrodynamic properties were examined in relation to the wing’s angle of attack. The received data resulted in the creation of high-quality hydrofoil design for solar powered race boat "Celka".

Adhesive joints technology and investigation of the impact of different surface roughening level on the adhesion strength.

• Magdalena Grodecka

Adhesive joints are presently widely used in both industry and everyday life applications. Adhesives popularity stems from the possibility to create joints without breaking the material structure, the possibility to create joints flexible to a certain extent, and the high aesthetics of the joints. Proper adhesive joint design requires consideration of both the properties of the surfaces to be joined and the adhesive, as well as the external factors influencing the manufacturing process. Surface modification processes, including physical (mechanical) and chemical modification, play a key role in ensuring the desired adhesion of the adhesive to the materials. Physical surface modification is recommended for practically all materials and is observed to have a beneficial effect on the strength of the joints regardless of the chemical nature of the material, while the choice of chemical modification method is strictly dependent on the type of materials being joined. In the talk I will provide a brief introduction to adhesive joints technoly and present an example of how different level of roughening affects the joint strength in conducted lap shear strength test.