At the European Spallation Source (ESS), a cryogenic moderator system (CMS) was designed to continuously supply subcooled liquid hydrogen at 17 K with a parahydrogen fraction exceeding 99.5% to the two moderators. Heat loads are removed via a heat exchanger in the CMS cold box, which is cooled by a large-scale 20 K helium refrigeration system, the Target Moderator Cryoplant (TMCP), with a...
At the European Spallation Source (ESS), two flat butterfly-shaped hydrogen moderator vessels have been designed and optimized to achieve a maximum neutron brightness under the condition of parahydrogen fraction higher than 99.5%. Currently, these hydrogen moderators are installed above the target wheel. Future plans involve replacing them with four moderators positioned both above and below...
The European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS) will provide long-pulsed cold and thermal neutron fluxes at very high brightness to the research community. Spallation neutrons are produced by a linear proton accelerator with an average beam power of ultimately 5 MW. These neutrons are moderated to cold and thermal energies by two hydrogen moderators and a thermal water pre-moderator. The nuclear...
The Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) at the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to supply liquid parahydrogen at 17.5 K and 1 MPa for efficient neutron moderation. The hydrogen flow is circulated with the help of a series of two pumps through a piping network (CMS loop) with various components, including heat exchangers, tanks, valves and piping elements such as straight pipes, bends,...
