The Probe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) contains two instruments: an imager (PRIMAGER) and a multi-band spectrometer (FIRESS). These two instruments require detector cooling to 100 mK and require parts of the optical train to operate at 1.0 K. From a base temperature of 4.5 K, provided by a James Webb Space Telescope-like cryocooler, a 5-stage Continuous Adiabatic...
Sub-millikelvin (sub-mK) temperatures, or even lower, were first achieved in 1956 by adiabatic demagnetization cooling of nuclear spins in copper [1]. Since then, the use of such extremely low temperatures has long been limited to researchers in fundamental science such as superfluid 3He and nuclear magnetism [2]. In general, lowering temperature have their own advantages, e.g., improved...
The 5-stage continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) on the Probe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) is designed to provide continuous cooling at two temperatures: 100-120 mK for the focal planes of the imaging instrument (PRIMAger) and multi-band spectrometer (FIRESS), and at 1.0-1.2 K for parts of the optical train. The CADR will use a James Webb Space...
Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) is an efficient and reliable cooling technology well used for temperatures below 1 K. It is particularly well suited for space applications, thanks to the absence of fluid refrigerant and of moving parts and to a competitive Carnot efficiency. A multi-ADR cooler, that is the last stage of a cryogenic chain, is proposed for the LiteBIRD and Athena...
Upcoming probe missions, such as the Probe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA), are requiring Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (CADR) with larger temperature spans within their stage’s architecture. These temperature spans will require novel designs to those that have flown in the past. In this design study, we will be developing spaceflight suspension systems that...
Gadolinium lithium fluoride (GLF) is an attractive material for Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADRs) because it has a high density of active ions and a relatively low effective ordering temperature. We have encapsulated a large GLF crystal in a thermal bus, integrated it into an ADR, and have characterized this salt pill through operation of the ADR. From these measurements, we are...
Paramagnetic salt CrK(SO4)2·12H2O (CPA) is one of the main refrigerants in the temperature range below 0.5K for adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). In practical applications, to improve the thermal performance of salt pill containing CPA, thermal bus structure is generally used. A CPA salt pill typically includes CPA crystal, a high-purity copper thermal bus, and thermal interface....
As an important sub-Kelvin refrigeration technology, the adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) is used for space detector cooling and ground-based experiments because of its wide temperature coverage, high efficiency and gravity-independence. We design a 3-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator pre-cooled by a GM-type pulse tube cooler and operating from 4 K to 50 mK. Gadolinium...
