# QM 2011 - XXII International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

May 22 – 28, 2011
Centre Bonlieu
Europe/Zurich timezone

## Spectrum of fermion coupled with massive vector boson at finite temperature in gauge invariant formalism

Not scheduled
Théâtre National (Centre Bonlieu)

### Théâtre National

#### Centre Bonlieu

France
Board: 126
Poster QCD at high temperature and density

### Speaker

Teiji Kunihiro (Kyoto University)

### Description

We investigate the massless fermion spectral function coupled with a massive vector boson (mass: m) in the whole region of temperature (T) [1]. The massive vector boson is described as a U(1) gauge boson so that we can analyze the extremely high-T region where T/m $\gg$ 0, in contrast to the Proca formalism [2]. We show that a novel peak appears in the fermion spectral function for T~m in addition to the two peaks corresponding to the normal fermionic and anti-plasmino excitations obtained in the m=0 case [3]. We find that the novel peak seems to persist though with a small strength even for T$\gg$m, where the other two peaks remains robust and are smoothly connected to those obtained in the HTL approximation. Since our model has a U(1) gauge invariance, the poles of the fermion propagator must be gauge invariant. We have confirmed the gauge invariance of the poles for T$\ll$m and T~m, while the gauge invariance of the poles are satisfied only for a restricted region of the gauge-fixing parameter for T$\gg$m. We explicitly obtained the adequate region of the gauge-fixing parameter for T$\gg$m. Our results shows that the unitary gauge, which corresponds to the large gauge-fixing parameter limit, is found to be inadequate for the calculation of the fermion propagator in the T$\gg$m region, although the unitary gauge is often adopted in the literature. The relevant physical systems of our analysis include the quark-gluon plasma phase near the phase transition temperature (T_c) since vector-type collective excitation may exist there and its mass may become very small (T$\gg$m) just above T_c. The neutrino spectrum in the early universe is also relevant since the neutrino couples with the massive vector particles, W and Z boson. The present work tells us that the analysis of the neutrino spectral function in the unitary gauge or in the Proca formalism [4] can suffer from a strong gauge dependence in the T$\gg$m region. References [1] D. Satow, Y. Hidaka and T. Kunihiro, Phys. Rev. D 83,045017 (2011). [2] M. Kitazawa, T. Kunihiro and Y. Nemoto, Prog. Theor. Phys. 117, 103 (2007). [3] H. Weldon, Phys. Rev. D 26, 2789 (1982). [4] D. Boyanovsky, Phys. Rev. D 72 033004 (2005).

### Primary author

Daisuke Satow (Kyoto university)

### Co-authors

Teiji Kunihiro (Kyoto University) Dr Yoshimasa Hidaka (RIKEN)

### Presentation materials

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